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A partnership agreement is a form of business collaboration, either directly or indirectly, that is established based on the principles of mutual need, mutual trust, mutual reinforcement, and mutual benefit. Such partnerships generally involve Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) working with larger businesses in order to create a fairer and more sustainable business relationship. However, in practice, the implementation of partnership agreements often does not reflect these fundamental principles. This is also evident in the nucleus-plasma scheme within the palm oil plantation sector, where the relationship between the nucleus companies and plasma farmers tends to show an imbalance of bargaining power. This study aims to examine the application of partnership principles in the implementation of nucleus-plasma agreements in palm oil plantations, viewed from the perspective of prevailing legislation, particularly the Law on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME Law). The findings indicate that the application of partnership principles has not yet been fully implemented consistently. The partnership relationship remains unequal and is largely dominated by the nucleus companies, creating a sense of injustice for plasma farmers. In terms of supervision, the Indonesian Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) plays a crucial role in ensuring that partnership agreements are carried out in line with these principles. One of the measures taken is monitoring the implementation of behavioral change commitments by business actors. KPPU ensures that nucleus companies do not abuse their dominant position and continue to provide fair opportunities for plasma farmers. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of strengthening oversight and enforcing regulations so that the objectives of nucleus-plasma partnerships in palm oil plantations can truly be realized in accordance with the principles mandated by law.

This community service activity was carried out at Laundry A2 Palembang City with the aim of improving the financial literacy of micro business actors through simple financial bookkeeping assistance. Many micro business actors experience difficulties in recording financial transactions systematically, which has an impact on their inability to evaluate the financial condition of the business accurately. Through a participatory approach and direct training at the place of business, this activity focuses on the importance of recording daily income and expenses, as well as the preparation of monthly income statements. The results of the mentoring show that the owners and employees of A2 Laundry are starting to be able to implement a structured daily bookkeeping system. In addition, the increase in understanding of financial management can be seen from the post-test results, which increased by up to 70% compared to the pre-test. A2 Laundry now has a simple income statement that can be used as a basis for business decision-making. The success of this activity shows that a simple bookkeeping model that is tailored to business needs can be implemented effectively by MSME actors. In the future, similar approaches can be replicated in other micro-enterprises to strengthen the financial foundations of local businesses.

This article examines the legal consequences of a delayed notification of a share acquisition under Indonesian competition law, focusing on the case of PT X's takeover of PT Y. The central issue is PT X's failure to report the acquisition to the Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (KPPU) within the mandated 30-day period, as stipulated by Law Number 5 of 1999 and its implementing regulation, Government Regulation Number 57 of 2010. The notification was submitted with a significant delay of 2,023 days, a clear violation of the statutory requirements. As a result of this non-compliance, the KPPU, through its Decision No. 31/KPPU-M/2020, imposed an administrative fine on PT X amounting to   IDR 1,050,000,000.00 (one billion fifty million rupiah). Beyond the direct financial penalty, the violation led to severe indirect repercussions, including significant    reputational damage, which threatened to erode investor confidence and disrupt existing business relationships. The KPPU's firm and consistent enforcement in this case highlights the critical function of the post-merger notification system in Indonesia as a preventative mechanism to assess transactions that could lead to excessive market concentration. The decision underscores the legal principles of     transparency, fairness, and accountability that underpin Indonesian competition law. This case serves as a powerful deterrent, signaling to all business actors that non-compliance will not be tolerated. Ultimately, such rigorous enforcement is crucial for fostering a culture of legal adherence, maintaining market integrity, and building a more transparent and competitive business ecosystem that supports sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.

This research is directed to answer two main problems: the form of liability imposed on parking service providers toward consumers, and how the Supreme Court decision reflects (or diverges from) legal justice and proportionality. The study aims to examine the legal liability approach adopted in the Supreme Court Decision Number 2157/K/Pdt/2010 and to formulate an ideal concept of a fair and proportional limitation of liability for parking service operators. In the aforementioned decision, the Supreme Court held the parking operator liable for the loss of a consumer’s vehicle, even though a disclaimer clause had been clearly printed on the parking ticket. This ruling raised controversy, as it seemed to overlook the fact that the operator had fulfilled their duties to a reasonable and professional standard. The substance of parking as an object of regional tax was disregarded in the judicial consideration, which focused solely on consumer protection law. This has led to an interpretation that imposes an almost unlimited liability on the service provider. This study employs doctrinal legal research, supported by conceptual approaches in parking regulation and legal case analysis. The method used is normative legal research (doctrinal) with statutory, conceptual (regarding lease and deposit agreements), and judicial approaches. The findings indicate that parking service providers should not be subjected to absolute liability. Instead, the assessment of liability must take into account the principles of justice, proportionality, and contributory negligence. Hence, there is a need for a clear formulation of liability limitations that not only safeguard consumer rights but also consider the reasonable obligations of business actors, particularly within the context of regional tax regulations related to parking.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in driving economic growth at both local and regional levels, including in Malang Regency. Their presence not only creates new job opportunities but also stimulates the economic activities of local communities. Nevertheless, SME actors still face a number of significant challenges. These include limited capital, incomplete business legality, low managerial capacity, and restricted access to wider markets. Such conditions often hinder SMEs from optimizing their competitiveness. This research aims to examine the implementation of SME empowerment programs carried out by the Cooperative and Micro Business Office in Kepanjen, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The findings reveal that SME empowerment was implemented through various programs, such as training to enhance skills, continuous business mentoring, facilitation of access to financing through financial institutions, and product promotion via exhibitions and digital platforms. These programs have provided positive impacts by strengthening the capacity and visibility of SMEs in the region. The success of these programs is supported by the strong commitment of the local government, synergy among institutions, and active participation of SME actors. On the other hand, several obstacles remain, such as low digital literacy among entrepreneurs, difficulties in obtaining financing due to legal constraints, and complex bureaucratic processes. The results of this research emphasize that SME empowerment requires adaptive strategies, continuous mentoring, and proper program mapping in accordance with local conditions.

This community service activity was carried out with the primary objective of improving the financial literacy of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Pesawaran Regency. Financial literacy is considered a fundamental aspect in maintaining business continuity, as it is directly related to the ability of business actors to manage income, record transactions regularly, develop short-term and long-term financial plans, and utilize digital technology as a supporting tool. Low financial literacy is often an obstacle to the development of MSMEs, so interventions in the form of structured training and mentoring are essential. The activity method includes several stages, namely a pre-test to measure initial conditions, interactive delivery of training materials, direct practice using digital financial applications, and a post-test to disseminate learning outcomes. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in all measured indicators. Basic financial literacy increased by 10.16 points, financial recording skills increased by 14.47 points, the ability to prepare financial plans increased by 12.43 points, while financial digitalization experienced the highest performance with an increase of 18.12 points. These findings confirm that financial literacy training programs not only improve conceptual knowledge but also develop the practical skills essential for MSMEs to face the challenges of the modern economic era. This increased understanding and skills are expected to make Pesawaran MSMEs more independent, adaptable to digital technology developments, and more competitive.

The Community Service Program (KKN) of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Group 217, conducted in Tegalweru Village, Dau District, Malang Regency, was designed to strengthen local economic capacity through strategies of value-added product development and the consolidation of MSME identity based on village potential. The socio-cultural homogeneity of the community, which largely depends on traditional agriculture, creates a paradox between strong social solidarity and weak economic diversification. This condition poses challenges such as limited innovation, low competitiveness, and the underutilization of local resources, thereby necessitating empowerment interventions capable of transforming traditional economic practices into more adaptive and sustainable business models. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation to explore community responses to training on product value addition, packaging, branding, and basic promotional strategies. The findings reveal increased awareness and enthusiasm among MSME actors and housewives to develop local products through simple processing, representative packaging, and distinctive brand identity. These results underscore that KKN not only serves as an implementation of the Higher Education Tri Dharma but also as a strategic empowerment instrument to reinforce the foundation of community-based economic independence. Practically, the program provides a transformative platform for local enterprises, laying the groundwork for sustainable economic development aligned with both global dynamics and the specific needs of rural communities.

Dawet Ayu in Banjarnegara Regency is one of the traditional culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that until now is still able to survive and continue to grow. This typical beverage product not only has cultural value, but also has the potential to be a promising economic source for the local community. However, the reality on the ground shows that Dawet Jabung's business actors are still facing various serious obstacles. Limited understanding of business management, difficulties in calculating production costs in detail, and inability to determine the right selling price of products are the main obstacles. In addition, the low knowledge related to aspects of marketing, promotion, and business communication strategies makes it difficult for this business to expand the market. As a result, some business actors have actually experienced a significant decrease in sales from year to year. To answer these challenges, community service activities are carried out through two approaches, namely Action and Quality Awareness and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA). Action and Quality Awareness are carried out through extensive counseling, lectures, and mentoring aimed at increasing the knowledge of business managers. In this activity, business actors are guided to understand the importance of financial recording, cost management, and strategies to improve product quality. Meanwhile, the RRA method is used to identify real needs in the field, as well as prepare training, mentoring, and coaching programs that are relevant to business conditions. The results of the activity showed an increase in the ability of partners to classify production costs into the categories of raw materials, labor, overhead, marketing, and transportation. In addition, business actors are now more skilled in determining selling prices based on the realization of costs incurred, not just estimates. They also began to compile simple bookkeeping related to assets, debts, and capital, so that business management became more professional, transparent, and sustainable

The skincare industry is growing very rapidly along with increasing public awareness of the importance of proper skin care. However, in marketing their products, many business actors make exaggerated claims regarding product benefits that are often not supported by facts or scientific evidence. The study aims to analyze the application of consumer legal protection in overclaiming actions carried out by business actors on skincare products from the perspective of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The research method applied is the normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. In this study, the practice of overclaiming carried out by business actors on skincare products is contrary to applicable legal provisions, namely Articles 8 and 10 of the Consumer Protection Law. These articles prohibit business actors from providing misleading information about a product and violate consumer rights as defined in Article 4 of the Consumer Protection Law. Although normatively the law has provided sufficient protection for consumers, its implementation in the field still faces many challenges. Supervision from the government and related institutions such as the BPOM is very necessary to ensure business actors' compliance with applicable regulations. Firm and consistent law enforcement is also needed to make business actors more responsible in providing information to consumers and to foster healthy and ethical skincare industry climate.

The souvenir industry in Kediri has become increasingly competitive, driving business actors to strengthen their marketing strategies through brand image, service quality, and product variety. Rumah Madumongso, as one of the well-known local souvenir centers, faces challenges in maintaining consumer appeal amid the abundance of similar products available in the market. Therefore, a study is needed to examine the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions. This research aims to analyze the influence of brand image, service quality, and product variety on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously. The study applied a quantitative approach with a survey method, collecting data from 130 respondents using questionnaires distributed through accidental sampling. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that brand image and product variety have a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions. In contrast, service quality has a positive and significant influence, emphasizing the crucial role of service in encouraging consumers to make purchases. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly influence purchasing decisions, as indicated by an F-value of 56.740 with a significance level of 0.000. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.575 indicates that 57.5% of the variation in purchasing decisions is explained by brand image, service quality, and product variety, while the remaining 42.5% is influenced by other factors beyond this study. These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive marketing strategies to strengthen the competitiveness of local souvenir industries.

This Community Partnership Program (PKM) was implemented to enhance the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Balang Baru Subdistrict, Tamalate District, Makassar City, particularly in financial management. The main problems faced by local MSME actors include low financial literacy and the absence of systematic and sustainable financial recording practices, which hinder optimal business performance evaluation. Through this program, a team from Universitas Negeri Makassar designed and carried out training and mentoring activities focused on the use of digital financial recording systems that are user-friendly for MSME actors. The activities included the preparation of training materials on basic financial management, hands-on practice in preparing simple financial statements, the use of digital bookkeeping applications, and an evaluation of their implementation. The training was conducted intensively over three days using interactive and practical methods. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in managing business finances, recording transactions in an organized manner, and preparing financial reports that could be used for basic business analysis. Moreover, the program encouraged MSME actors to become more independent in making data-driven business decisions. This initiative is expected to have a long-term impact in promoting professionalism among MSMEs and serve as a replicable model for community empowerment through improved financial literacy.

This study aims to analyze in depth the influence of business legality on the growth and increased competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Business legality is seen as a crucial foundation in strengthening the position of MSMEs in the market, as it not only provides legal certainty but also fosters consumer trust in the quality of the products offered. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as field observations, in-depth interviews with business actors, and relevant documentation studies. The results show an increase in public awareness of the importance of having business legality, as evidenced by the increasing number of MSMEs officially registering their business permits. Furthermore, legality has been proven to increase the credibility of MSMEs, expand market access, facilitate collaboration with the private sector and government agencies, and open up opportunities for obtaining capital support. A significant increase in consumer trust is also evident, as MSME products with legality are more easily accepted and marketed through various distribution channels. Thus, this study confirms that business legality is not merely an administrative requirement, but rather a strategy that can encourage sustainable business growth and increase competitiveness at the local and national levels. In conclusion, the synergy between MSMEs and the government is the main key in encouraging the creation of a healthy, transparent, and highly competitive business ecosystem.

This community service program aims to enhance the visibility and competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nusawungu Village through the creation of business location pins on Google Maps. The background of this initiative lies in the main challenges faced by local entrepreneurs, namely limited access to marketing channels and low digital exposure. Many businesses have been operating for years but remain difficult to find due to the absence of a clear digital identity, particularly on online maps. Therefore, this program focuses on utilizing Google Maps as an effective, low-cost, and accessible promotional medium. The program adopts the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, emphasizing the active involvement of MSME actors in each implementation stage. The process began with mapping and collecting data on existing businesses, followed by classifying them into categories such as culinary, crafts, services, and trade. The next steps included filling in complete addresses, determining accurate coordinates, and uploading business and product photos. Verification of Google Maps profiles was then carried out to ensure that the businesses became officially accessible to the public. Furthermore, participants received guidance on adding supporting information, including operating hours, contact numbers, and social media links. The results demonstrated that all registered MSMEs successfully created active Google Maps profiles with complete information. The outcomes include increased consumer accessibility in locating businesses, recognizing available products or services, and directly contacting owners. This implementation has proven to make a significant contribution to market reach expansion and the strengthening of digital marketing strategies without requiring additional financial costs. These findings align with previous studies affirming the effectiveness of Google Maps as a promotional tool and a means of empowering MSMEs in rural areas. Moreover, this initiative opens opportunities for further development through integration with other digital platforms.

This study analyzes the impact of implementing Indonesia’s Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) on cybersecurity in the e-business sector. Using a normative qualitative approach through literature analysis, this research examines the regulation’s implications for technical infrastructure, compliance procedures, and human resource capacity development within e-business operations. The findings indicate that although the PDP Law provides a comprehensive legal framework and human-centered principles for personal data protection, its implementation faces technical, operational, and economic challenges, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). These challenges include limited security infrastructure, lack of technical expertise, and high investment costs. Nevertheless, adopting strategies such as multi-layer security architecture, zero-trust security model, privacy by design, and strengthening human resource capacity can enhance consumer trust, industry credibility, and the global competitiveness of Indonesia’s e-business sector. This study contributes to the literature by bridging the gap between personal data protection regulation and cybersecurity practices while offering strategic recommendations for both business actors and regulators.

This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve the competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of poor crackers in Setu Kulon Village, Weru District, Cirebon Regency, through Instagram-based digital promotion strategies. The problems faced by partners include minimal digital literacy, limited promotion, and still relying on conventional marketing. Through training activities, mentoring, and promotional content creation, students play an active role as digital transformation facilitators for business actors. The results of the activities show an increase in the ability of partners to manage social media accounts and the opening of new markets outside the region. This activity proves that the use of social media can be an effective, cheap, and applicable solution in the development of local-based traditional MSMEs

This study aims to analyze the influence of work environment, salary, and career development on employee performance at Larissa Aesthetic Center through employee commitment as a mediating variable. The importance of optimizing employee performance in supporting business growth requires appropriate efforts and strategies to maximize existing resources in the work environment. Employees who value the work environment because it fosters a sense of well-being and enthusiasm at work. Salary is one of the factors that influences performance, in line with compensation that meets expectations as a form of responsibility in the workplace. Employee career development is seen as a call for progress, where competent workers facilitate the organization in becoming a solution for clients.The method used in this study employs an explanatory approach to uncover the relationships between variables and emphasizes causal numerical data. The study population consists of 65 employees, with the sampling technique using a census, where the entire population serves as the study sample. This research utilizes primary data obtained through questionnaire completion. Secondary data is derived from relevant documentation related to the research topic. Data analysis employs path analysis to test the relationships between research variables. The results of this study indicate that the work environment, salary, and career development have a significant influence on employee performance at Larissa Aesthetic Center, through the support of employee commitment as a mediating variable. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for business actors as a basis for consideration in actions related to human resources.

This study addresses common problems in start-up businesses: lack of financial management and low presentation of financial statements due to limited human resources. With a conceptual qualitative research (CQR) approach, the research integrates accounting theory and business life cycle theory to design a process for presenting relevant financial statements for business actors who run individual operations. The main findings point to two things: first, the need for resources that understand finance is an inevitability that can be met through education, training, and induction observation; Second, the synthesis of accounting theory and business life cycle maps the conceptual area for the report presentation model that is tailored to the conditions of the beginner business. The proposed model covers the scope of management ranging from recording transactions on the cash mutation book, journaling to reveal the double impact of transactions, to grouping account balances on the ledger to produce relevant information. This process differs from the conventional accounting cycle in that it starts from the cashier function combined with the accounting function, thus reducing the need for separate specialists. The combination of cashier and accountant functions in one practical and relevant accounting flow for individual businesses, allows business owners to supervise their financial performance and position through simple but informative reports.

This study aims to analyze the development process of a creative economy based on bead waste and the use of digital platforms as a marketing medium to increase product competitiveness. The background of the study is based on the phenomenon of increasing volumes of waste that have not been optimally managed and the low skills of business actors in utilizing digital technology. The research method used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and literature studies, with informants consisting of business actors, community leaders, representatives of relevant agencies, and consumers. The results of the study indicate that processing waste into beads not only reduces environmental impacts but also opens up creative business opportunities with high economic value. The use of digital platforms has proven effective in expanding market reach, improving branding, and driving sales, although there are still obstacles in the skills of digital entrepreneurs. This study recommends strengthening digital marketing capacity and ongoing mentoring for creative waste-based entrepreneurs to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. In addition, synergy between business actors, the government, and local communities is a crucial factor in supporting the development of a waste-based creative economy. The involvement of local governments through entrepreneurship training and facilitating access to technology is essential to address the challenge of limited digital capabilities of entrepreneurs. Local communities also play a role in maintaining sustainable production and encouraging innovation in bead designs based on local culture to add value and attract market share. This collaboration can create a conducive ecosystem for the growth of creative small and medium enterprises (SMEs), while strengthening local identity and increasing product competitiveness in national and global markets. Thus, developing a waste-based creative economy and utilizing digital marketing are relevant innovative strategies in addressing current economic and environmental challenges.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in the patterns of social interaction in society. Social media, especially TikTok, now functions not only as a means of entertainment but also as an effective medium for disseminating social, cultural, and humanitarian values. One interesting phenomenon in this context is the emergence of altruistic content, namely messages that represent caring, kindness, and selfless assistance. Content with altruistic nuances has its own appeal because it can create emotional closeness with the audience and has the potential to be used by business actors as a communication strategy to build a positive brand image. This study aims to identify and describe the forms of altruistic messages displayed in the TikTok account @mr.kingthread owned by Batik Benang Raja. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method based on the altruism theory of Eisenberg and Mussen, as well as the six stages of content analysis according to Klaus Krippendorff. Data were collected from 24 videos uploaded between January 1–31, 2025, through observation and documentation techniques. Then, they were analyzed and categorized into six indicators of altruism: sharing, cooperation, helping, donating, honesty, and generosity. The results of the study show that @mr.kingthread's content consistently displays altruism through sincere, emotional, and easily accepted actions by the audience. The aspect of donating emerged as the most dominant element, followed by aspects of cooperation, helping, and sharing. The natural, authentic, and uncontrived message delivery strengthens emotional closeness with the audience and increases public trust in Batik Benang Raja's image as a brand that cares about humanitarian values. In conclusion, the altruism-based communication strategy through TikTok has proven effective in spreading humanitarian values, strengthening the company's positive image, and fostering a spirit of sharing among the audience.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of Instagram social media, brand image, and product innovation on consumer purchasing decisions at Xlocated in Blok M Plaza, South Jakarta. The background of this study is based on the increasingly fierce competition in the culinary industry, especially in pastry products. This competition requires business actors to have the right marketing strategy, not only in terms of promotion, but also in maintaining brand quality and presenting product innovations that suit consumer needs. In the current digital era, social media has become one of the most powerful tools to influence consumer behavior. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey technique by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who are Xconsumers. The research instrument was compiled using a Likert scale, then the collected data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression method with the help of the SPSS application. This analysis aims to see how much influence the independent variables, namely Instagram social media, brand image, and product innovation have on the dependent variable, namely purchasing decisions. The results of the study show that all three variables have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. This means that the better the marketing strategy through Instagram, the stronger the brand image built, and the higher the level of product innovation, the consumer purchasing decisions will increase. These findings highlight the importance of integrating digital marketing with product development to achieve competitive advantage. The findings of this study provide practical implications for businesses, particularly in the culinary industry, to focus more on digital marketing strategies and product innovation that can meet consumer preferences and strengthen brand positioning in the market.