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The Indonesian state is based on Article 1, paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution that all society, its government, organs in our country must obey the laws that exist in Indonesia, and in the formation of law, legal philosophy is closely related to the philosophical aspects of law which focus on legal theory and practical problem. This includes law enforcement, conflict resolution, protection, upholding the status quo, and change to achieve a sense of justice. justice based on real and abstract legal foundations. This research uses a normative juridical research methodology, where secondary data or library sources are researched to conduct legal research through the library or online. Primary and secondary legal sources were used in this research. Primary legal sources present various relevant laws and regulations to examine how legal philosophy influences the development of Indonesian law.

Lack of understanding of Government Public Relations function by the Education and Training Center The Ministry of Education, Research and Technology is an obstacle to the implementation in conveying information, policies, regulations and educating the public which is still not optimal. The lack of experts and limited human resources results in ineffective communication in conveying information which can cause misunderstandings and inappropriate information received by the public. This study aims to determine the activities, actions, and mechanisms of Government Public Relations of the Education and Training Center of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. The research theory in this study is the theory of implementation and Government Public Relations which consists of disseminating public information, policies, regulations and educating the public about laws and regulations. This research methodology.This research methodology uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods with data collection techniques are in-depth interviews. The implementation of Government Public Relations carried out by the public relations of the Education and Training Center of the Ministry of Education, Research Culture and Technology consists of activities such as providing accurate information, socializing to the public about government policies, interacting with the public, holding press conferences, and building relationships with the media.press conferences, and building relationships with the media. Government Public Relations actions carried out such as preparing information materials, accommodating, processing messages and aspirations of the community, by involving several stakeholders so that the information received by the public in the form of news, narratives, photos and videos is accurate and reliable. The Government Public Relations mechanism uses good governance, namely, equality, supervision, law enforcement, , effectiveness, and  responsiveness, efficiency, participation, accountability, foresight and transparency.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the enforcement of civil servant discipline and in the office of the staffing agency and regional human resource development of Lembata Regency. The results showed that (a) The application of disciplinary sanctions against civil servants at the Office of the Civil Service Agency and Regional Human Resources Development of Lembata Regency is applied to civil servants who do not comply with Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline as stated in Government Regulations article 4 and article 5 and Regent Regulation Number 86 of 2022 in article 4 and article 5 concerning guidelines for implementing the enforcement of State Civil Apparatus discipline within the Lembata Regency Government; (b) External and internal obstacles occur in Lembata Regency which greatly affect the level of discipline of civil servants so that it is necessary to increase human resources and also SOPs in the process of enforcing discipline in Lembata Regency. The author's suggestions (a) there is a need for increased discipline. The author assesses the steps and procedures taken to enforce the discipline of civil servants as government officials in Lembata Regency based on data from the Lembata Regency Regional Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency in accordance with existing regulations starting from the stage of summoning coaching and imposing disciplinary sanctions, but in enforcement it often experiences obstacles that make the enforcement process often hampered (b) The factors that cause obstacles in the implementation of civil servant discipline in Lembata Regency are, still low awareness of employees to act and be disciplined in carrying out their duties.

This research is a normative legal research with a statutory approach. Shopee Paylater is a method of paying for an item in installments, where people can buy goods now and make payments at a later date in installments for 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months on a predetermined due date. This research was conducted to determine the application of the principle of balance in Shopee paylater for loan recipients which is included in a standard agreement and is prone to violating the provisions in the applicable regulations. The result of this research is that the terms and conditions of Shopee paylater for loan recipients have not applied the principle of balance.

This journal aims to provide an explanation of Article 5 of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence which states that every person is prohibited from committing domestic violence against people within their household by means of: physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence. and/or household neglect. In reality, even though there is Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, domestic violence still occurs frequently. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the factors that cause domestic violence and the suitability of the Perempuan Academy program as a sustainable non-penal effort to tackle domestic violence and its obstacles in Kel. Karang Anyar, Samarinda City. The data in this article was obtained from secondary data by conducting library research and reviewing textbooks and statutory regulations. The primary data in this article was obtained by carrying out data collection techniques and also interviews with a number of respondents and informants. The results of this research show that the factors that cause domestic violence are economic inequality and the community's lack of knowledge about domestic violence. Efforts to reduce domestic violence in Kel. Karang Anyar has been carried out in various ways, one of which is through mediation and through the Perempuan Academy which is appropriate as a sustainable non-penal effort. The obstacles faced in implementing this program are the aspect of activity support tools which are considered to be less than optimal. The factors that cause domestic violence resolutions do not reach the courts are because victims do not want to report them for various reasons. Meanwhile, efforts that can be made by law enforcement officials are repressive and preventive efforts by providing education about domestic violence. It is recommended that all relevant parties, including the police, legal aid institutions, government and society, continue to increase integrated cooperation in dealing with domestic violence.      

The knowledge of medicine and treatment, also known as Jamu, is one of the most important areas of Traditional Knowledge. It is widespread among indigenous peoples and local communities, and is an integral part of the communal rights held by indigenous peoples. Almost all indigenous peoples have developed knowledge about plants for various purposes, especially for medicine. The use of biodiversity as an ingredient in medicinal herbs has been a common practice in Indonesia for centuries. The question that arises is whether the knowledge of Jamu has received adequate protection from the government againts the rights of indigenous peoples related to Traditional Knowledge. This is the focus of the author attention in this discussion. This research discusses the regulation of communal intellectual property in the legal framework used to protect the knowledge of traditional herbal medicine, and how the effectiveness of legal protection of communal intellectual property on traditional herbal medicine knowledge. The purposes of this study is to determine the legal protection of traditional knowledge and analyze the positive legal regulations. This research method used by researchers is the normative juridical approach method. The results of the research conducted by the author in this thesis can be concluded that Traditional Protection on Jamu needs to be protected in accordance with the concept of protection of Philipus M. Hadjon, namely by means of preventive protection and repressive protection.

BSI is one of the banks that experienced hacking and attacks from irresponsible parties. Lockbit threatened BSI to immediately contact him to carry out negotiations regarding 1.5 TB of customer data which was threatened with being disseminated if BSI did not fulfill its request by the specified time limit. given. In the end, this happened because the given time limit had passed, there was a lockbit post showing a link connected to banking data. This case has certainly become the center of attention, because BSI is still reluctant to provide further information regarding customer data leaks and personal data protection has not been provided. This research method uses a normative legal method which refers to statutory regulations and related sources. The legal theory used is the theory of legal certainty, to see how certain banks provide responsibility for protecting customers' personal data as regulated in banking law. So researchers can also find the title in the article entitled Banking Responsibility in protecting personal data of bank customers due to hacking BSI case study

This journal examines the form of legal regulation related to the juvenile justice system in Indonesia, with a special focus on minors who are recidivists of the crime of motor vehicle theft (curanmor). Even though Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System has comprehensively regulated the handling of children in conflict with the law. There are significant challenges in handling children who repeatedly commit criminal acts. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analysis of applicable laws and regulations as well as cases of recidivism among children who commit crime. The research results show that although the law has provided a framework for the protection and rehabilitation of children, its implementation is often not optimal, especially in handling recidivist children. Special policies are needed that are more focused on preventing recidivism, including strengthening the role of rehabilitation institutions and active involvement of families and communities. In addition, revision of several provisions in existing laws is needed to ensure that the handling of recidivist children can be more effective and fair.

As a solution to overcome the problems in the Cost Recovery Production Sharing Contract system, the Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has issued Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 08 Year 2017 on Gross Split Production Sharing Contract. This new regulation was issued due to the decline in the discovery of oil and gas reserves and the decline in non-tax state revenue (PNBP) from the upstream oil and gas sector. The Gross Split Production Sharing Contract scheme also aims to reduce bureaucracy in investment to attract investors to conduct exploration and exploitation in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects related to Gross Split regulations in improving the investment climate in the upstream oil and gas sector, as well as to evaluate the role of the Oil and Gas Special Task Force as an institution responsible for controlling and supervising the activities of the Cooperation Contractor in the Production Sharing Contract.

This research aims to investigate the factors that influence companies in carrying out audit switching or changing auditors. Specifically, this research analyzes the influence of audit opinion, size of the Public Accounting Firm (KAP), and audit delay on a company's decision to change auditors. The issue of audit switching is important considering the existence of regulations that require regular rotation of auditors to maintain audit independence. Using a sample of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, this research applies a logistic regression model to test the influence of independent variables (audit opinion, KAP size, and audit delay) on the dependent variable, namely audit switching. The data used comes from financial reports and company audit reports.

The aim of this research is to provide information about how the implementation of inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia can be carried out. The method used in this research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Library studies can be defined as a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. Based on the results of the literature study, the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia is an important paradigm shift in the education system. This aims to ensure that every individual, including those with special needs, has full access to quality education. There are several steps that can be taken in implementing inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia, namely, policies and regulations; training and education for educators; inclusive curriculum development; inclusive physical facilities; community education; collaboration between institutions; as well as evaluation and monitoring. So in essence inclusive education is very important to create equality, participation and respect for diversity in the classroom. Even though its implementation is still faced with various challenges and obstacles, the efforts of the government and related stakeholders have produced policies, programs and best practice models in inclusive education. Thus, it is important for the government, educational institutions, teachers and society as a whole to continue to work together and commit to encouraging the implementation of better inclusive education.

Abstract.  The global economy has faced a decline during the pandemic, leading to substantial barriers in international trade.  Governments in various countries have implemented policies to protect their domestic markets, including measures to avoid dumping practices.  Indonesia experienced instances of dumping practices during the pandemic.  Therefore, it is crucial to review government policies as regulators to safeguard domestic products and promote economic growth post-pandemic while avoiding dumping accusations.  This research adopts a normative approach with a legal research method of literature.  The study employs a statutory approach and a conceptual approach to analyze the subject matter.  The findings of this research indicate that antidumping policies are enshrined in various provisions, including Laws and Government Regulations governing the imposition of Antidumping Duties.  To foster economic growth in the post-pandemic era, post-pandemic antidumping policies need to consider several aspects.  The government should conduct a thorough analysis and evaluate the synchronization of international trade institutions with WTO and other countries oriented towards economic growth.  Additionally, enhancing cooperation between stakeholders and institutions related to international trade, such as the KADI, is essential.  The government can also take preventive measures by engaging in effective communication with exporters and importers to improve product quality and enhance their understanding of international trade, particularly concerning dumping practices.     Keywords: International Trade Policy, Dumping Practices, Economic Growth, Post-Pandemic Era     Abstrak.  Ekonomi global telah mengalami penurunan selama pandemi, yang mengakibatkan hambatan substansial dalam perdagangan internasional.  Pemerintah di berbagai negara telah menerapkan kebijakan untuk melindungi pasar domestik mereka, termasuk langkah-langkah untuk menghindari praktik dumping.  Indonesia mengalami beberapa praktik dumping selama pandemi.  Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk meninjau kebijakan pemerintah sebagai regulator untuk melindungi produk dalam negeri dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi pascapandemi sambil menghindari tuduhan dumping.  Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan normatif dengan metode penelitian hukum berbasis literatur.  Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual untuk menganalisis pokok permasalahan.  Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan antidumping diatur dalam berbagai ketentuan, termasuk Undang-Undang dan Peraturan Pemerintah yang mengatur pengenaan Bea Masuk Antidumping.  Untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di era pascapandemi, kebijakan antidumping pascapandemi perlu mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek.  Pemerintah harus melakukan analisis mendalam dan mengevaluasi sinkronisasi lembaga perdagangan internasional dengan WTO dan negara-negara lain yang berorientasi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi.  Selain itu, meningkatkan kerjasama antara pemangku kepentingan dan lembaga terkait perdagangan internasional, seperti KADI, sangat penting.  Pemerintah juga dapat mengambil langkah-langkah preventif dengan berkomunikasi efektif dengan eksportir dan importir untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk dan pemahaman mereka tentang perdagangan internasional, terutama mengenai praktik dumping.   Kata kunci: Kebijakan Perdagangan Internasional, Praktik Dumping, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Masa Pascapandemi

This journal reviews the implementation of national values based on the 1945 Constitution in facing regulatory challenges and problems in the Indonesian oil and gas industry. This research explores how the national values reflected in the 1945 Constitution can be applied in the complex context of the oil and gas industry. The analysis results show that the Indonesian oil and gas industry is faced with various challenges, including complex regulations and suboptimal governance issues. However, implementing national values in oil and gas industry regulations can strengthen the country's energy sovereignty. Steps to increase the implementation of these values include improving regulations that are oriented towards national interests, increasing transparent governance, and a commitment to protecting the environment and surrounding communities. This journal highlights the importance of cooperation between government, industry and society in achieving these goals. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of national values in the Indonesian oil and gas industry is faced with several challenges, such as complex regulations, suboptimal governance, and environmental and social issues that must be addressed. To overcome these challenges, efforts are needed to strengthen the implementation of national values in oil and gas industry regulations, such as improving regulations that are more oriented towards national interests, increasing transparent and accountable governance, and strengthening commitment to efforts to protect the environment and surrounding communities.

Green Sukuk is a financial instrument that combines the principles of Islamic finance with sustainable development goals. This article discusses the role, practices, mechanisms, as well as challenges and efforts of the government in developing Green Sukuk in Indonesia. Green Sukuk have great potential in supporting the transition to a sustainable economy by providing a source of funding for environmentally friendly projects. However, challenges such as lack of awareness and capacity of financial institutions need to be overcome to optimize the contribution of Green Sukuk. Through strengthening regulations, outreach, product innovation and international cooperation, it is hoped that the Green Sukuk market can continue to develop and support the achievement of sustainable development goals in Indonesia.    

This research was based on a phenomenon that occurred when researchers saw that several pupils skipped the congregational lunchtime prayers. The execution of congregational prayers at this school is carried out in stages because the prayer room cannot accommodate all students. However, on the other hand, there is a gap in students' habituation in participating in congregational prayers at this school. This is proven by the fact that there are still some students who violate school rules (rules and regulations) such as not participating in congregational prayer activities, liking to come late, not being serious about carrying them out, some even deliberately skipping classes before time, and so on. The research type used in this essay is qualitative descriptive. The location of this study is MTsS Al-Manaar Batuhampar. The study included class VIII students as primary informants, with additional input from the school administration, student affairs representatives, and instructors. The author used documents, interviews, and observations to gather data. The author conducted an analysis of the data after its collection. Next, the author used data triangulation to confirm the accuracy of the data. According to the study's findings, it indicates that the congregational noon prayer is a program that has existed at MTsS Al-Manaar for a long time. The aim is to find out how midday prayers are carried out in congregation and also to know the supporting and inhibiting factors for carrying out congregational prayers. Supporting factors for carrying out congregational prayers are friendship, understanding of religion, motivation. The inhibiting factors are the environment, low student desire, and lack of facilities.

The development of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants (SPPVs) as Renewable Energy in Indonesia is increasingly growing. However, SPPVs have a relatively short lifespan, necessitating the proper management of their waste, particularly solar panels. This research aims are, firstly, to analyse the regulations governing the parties responsible for managing waste from SPPVs that have reached the end of their lifespan. And, secondly, to compare waste management regulations for solar panels implemented in Europe and America as best practices for handling end-of-life SPPV waste. This research employs a normative juridical and comparative-descriptive research method, comparing regulations and implementation of SPPV waste management in Indonesia and other countries. The Finding of this research are in line with Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, which states that any person or business entity generating waste is obligated to handle and restore it, in practice, the Power Purchase Agreement stipulates that waste management of SPPVs is the responsibility of the winning Project Company (in this case, the Consortium). And, in Europe and several US states have issued regulations for managing waste from end-of-life SPPVs. These regulations require solar panel manufacturers to have a recycling program for their own products after their end-of-life. However, managing end-of-life solar panel waste is a complex issue that requires cooperation from various stakeholders, including the government, project companies, and solar panel manufacturers. Adopting waste management policies from Europe and America is recommended to ensure that SPPV waste management is conducted responsibly and environmentally friendly.    

This study aims to analyze the rights and obligations of states in an effort to conserve marine animals and encourage the enforcement of related international legal principles. Marine animals are natural resources that are vulnerable to overexploitation and environmental damage. States have the right to utilize marine resources, but are also obliged to protect marine biodiversity in accordance with the principles of international law. This research uses a normative approach by examining international legal instruments such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), as well as related national laws and regulations. The results showed that the country must uphold the principle of sustainable use of marine resources and protect marine ecosystems from damage. This enforcement can be done through international cooperation, strengthening regulations, and empowering local communities. This research provides recommendations to strengthen law enforcement in conserving marine animals and ensuring a balance between state rights and obligations.

Children are a valuable treasure for parents. This is proven when married couples or parents who do not or have not had offspring or children then they try to find or get them even though they spend a lot of possessions. Likewise with the country. Both developed and developing countries really need children as the nation's successors. As world civilization continues to develop, parents are increasingly unwilling to give birth or have children for various reasons.The research specifications used in this research are analytical descriptive, that is, trying to describe or describe events and occurrences without carrying out hypotheses and statistical calculations. The data obtained will be presented systematically, the data required in this research is secondary data and primary data. This research is descriptive analysis, descriptive analysis, namely research aims to describe in detail, systematically and comprehensively everything related to this research problem and also normative juridically, namely research based on Ministerial regulations, books, along with analyzing Decision Number 45 /Pid.Sus-Anak/2022/Pn Mdn. Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System has the most basic substance in this law, namely the strict regulation of Restorative Justice and Diversion which is intended to keep children away from the justice process and avoid stigmatization of children who are in conflict with the law and are expected to can return to the social environment naturally. Factors that cause children to become perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual intercourse are due to causes in the form of environmental factors, faith factors, Social and Cultural Factors in the form of social and cultural factors can also influence children's views on sexuality and violence. Criminal acts committed by children must normatively seek diversion while still paying attention to the diversion requirements as regulated in Article 7 of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law. However, from the cases studied by the author, based on the District Court Decision, namely Decision Number 45/Pid.Sus-Anak/2022/Pn Mdn, the case does not meet the legal requirements for diversion even though the perpetrator is a child.

Cyber Security for Higher Education Academic Information System (AIS) data is an increasingly important issue along with the increasing dependence of higher education on information technology. Students have their education data in the Academic Information System (AIS) which is owned by each campus. Campuses are obliged to give their students the right to privacy and the right to information. The right to privacy and limitations on the right to information include state protection of personal data. In this way, students have the right to receive protection for their personal data in the academic information system (AIS). This is regulated by the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), which are an important foundation for regulations on data management and cyber security systems. This research uses a journal literature review method which aims to investigate the security threats faced by Academic Information System (AIS) data and to design effective protection strategies. The methods used include risk analysis, identification of system vulnerabilities, and development of appropriate security policies. The findings show that sensitive data such as student personal information and academic records are the main targets for attackers. Therefore, the need to implement security measures such as data encryption, use of double authentication, strict system monitoring, as well as training for information system users is very important. Through a policy analysis approach and literature study, this research aims to identify strategies and best practices in integrating national values into cyber security policies and practices. It is hoped that this research will provide an overview of the importance of national principles in terms of cyber security in higher education. It will also provide recommendations for institutions to improve academic information systems in accordance with the country's constitution.

The Surabaya City Government is part of the Regional Government is obliged to carry out government affairs related to basic services, including in the social sector carried out by the Social Service. The purpose of this study is to find out more about one of the services owned by the Surabaya City Social Office in the welfare of people with disabilities, namely the distribution of disability aids which are distributed free of charge and directly delivered to the homes of beneficiaries. The research method used in this study is qualitative which is carried out by literature studies based on applicable laws and regulations and interviews with Social Service employees which aim to understand more deeply about the topics in this study so that the author can present accurate data. The hope of this service is that it can provide convenience and comfort of service to the people of Surabaya in receiving assistance because it is delivered directly by officers from the Social Service.