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This research focuses on the representation of the history of reform in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori and its relevance to learning historical novels in SMA/SMK. Theoretically, this research serves as a means of developing literary knowledge, especially regarding literature and historical literary perspectives, as well as practically providing an understanding to the public about the history of reform in a literary work. This research can also contribute to Indonesian language teachers at the SMA/SMK level, because it has relevance to historical novels so that they are worthy of being used as teaching materials. This study uses a type of qualitative research. The source of the data in this study was the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori. This data was collected using the literature study method, then the children were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. After being analyzed, the results of this study show that the novel Laut tells the story of Leila S. Chudori, there are historical representations of reform, including the kidnapping and torture of activists, the banning of literary works, the fall of the Suharto regime, the formation of the missing persons commission and the disappearance of marine figures. In addition, based on research results by looking at the syllabus for learning historical novels, the novel Laut Bercerita is suitable as teaching material in learning historical novels in SMA/SMK.

An Islamic religious education educator does not just provide teaching materials in class but is more complex than that. Apart from educating and preparing students with knowledge, Islamic religious education educators are also fully responsible for encouraging student behavior, both from a psychological and character perspective. In the field of education, Islamic religious education educators greatly influence aspects of students' lives, both social, cultural and moral, to develop good motivation in students so that they can form individuals with noble morals. Therefore, to make this happen, appropriate learning strategies are needed that are able to increase student motivation. This research aims to explain the PAI learning strategy that is applied, analyzing the factors that support its success, as well as explaining the impact resulting from implementing the PAI learning strategy in an effort to increase student learning motivation at SDN Kawunggading, Cianjur. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. The resulting data is then analyzed by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this research show that the PAI learning strategies implemented at SDN Kawunggading are implementing examples, implementing habits, giving advice, paying attention, giving punishment, and discussing with peers. Factors that influence the success of PAI learning strategies consist of external factors and internal factors; The implications of the PAI learning strategy implemented at SDN Kawungggading are able to have a good impact on broken home students as shown by the students' attitude of being diligent in going to school, having concern for the surrounding environment, having a good attitude towards teachers and friends, and being able to follow lessons in a conducive manner.    

This study aimed to describe the model of social conflict the resolution costumary forest Pubabu. The focus of this research study is history of forest position Pubabu costumary, root of the problem of social conflict the traditional forest Pubabu and model of conflict resolution the costumary forest social Pubabu. The method of this study is qualitative oriented. Some techniques of data collecting in this study are interview, field observation, field note and document study. Technicques of data collectin in this study is interactive by Miles and Huberman with itssteps of process: data collecting, reduction, verification, data presentation. The results obtained from this study as follows: 1). Costumary forest and costumary society, 2). Cooperation of between the community and the government so that happened the social conflict of the costumary forest Pubabu in the management of costumary forest by society and government with base perspective and aimed of different which one of start conflict the costumary forest of logging in the year 2003, 2006, 2008, 3). Minister of the environment of regulation the number 83 year 2016 about is social forestry that 5 offer concept are: village forest, community forest, plant forest society, costumary of forest and community partnership. But of the 5 it concept offers, aspirations of costumary society is costumary forest; The forest owned by indigenous people previously it was a state forest or not state forest. Costumary forest are owned by community and the forest by community and the forest management costumary  it managed by indigenous peoples. This concept becomes aspiration costumary society Pubabu, the beginning of the struggle until now.

ABSTRAK   Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam serta mengetahui kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam menunjukkan bahwa tahun 2005 Majelis Ulama Indonesia mengeluarkan Fatwa MUI 4/2005 atas pertimbangan bahwa dewasa ini semakin banyak terjadi tindakan aborsi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat tanpa memperhatikan tuntunan agama. MUI menyatakan bahwa: a) Aborsi haram hukumnya sejak terjadinya implantasi blastosis pada dinding rahim ibu (nidasi); b) Aborsi dibolehkan karena adanya uzur, baik yang bersifat darurat ataupun hajat; Aborsi yang dibolehkan karena uzur sebagaimana dimaksud pada angka 2 hanya boleh dilaksanakan di fasilitas kesehatan yang telah ditunjuk oleh pemerintah; serta d) Aborsi haram hukumnya dilakukan pada kehamilan yang terjadi akibat zina. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia meunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesa yang mengatur tentang tindakan aborsi yakni pada Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan.   Kata kunci: Aborsi, Hukum Islam, Undang-Undang                                                                 ABSTRACT   The purpose of this research is to find out the study of abortion when viewed from the perspective of Islamic law and to know the study of abortion when viewed from the laws and regulations in Indonesia. The study used juridical methods. The results showed that the study of abortion when viewed from the perspective of Islamic law showed that in 2005 the Indonesian Ulema Council issued MUI Fatwa 4/2005 on the consideration that today there are more and more abortions carried out by the community without regard to religious guidance. MUI states that: a) Abortion is illegal since the implantation of blastocyst in the mother's uterine wall (nidation); b) Abortion is permissible due to old age, whether emergency or emergency; Abortions that are permitted due to old age as referred to in number 2 may only be carried out in health facilities that have been designated by the government; and d) Unlawful abortions are performed in pregnancies resulting from adultery. The results also show that the study of abortion when viewed from the laws and regulations in Indonesia shows that the laws and regulations in Indonesia that regulate the act of abortion are in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health.   Keywords: Abortion, Islamic Law, Law

The defence and security of the Indonesian state is a very crucial thing in the practice of the state so that it requires a component of citizens to participate in efforts to maintain state security in addition to the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri), the Supporting Component is needed in efforts to defend and secure the state but in practice the community thinks that it is contrary to Human Rights (HAM). The purpose of this study is to carefully examine and analyse the Establishment of the Reserve Component as a State Supporting Defence Viewed from a Human Rights Perspective. The legal research method used is normative juridical legal research method by conducting research on library materials and using a statute approach. The results of the research are that in the Indonesian constitution, the rights and obligations to defend the country by citizens have been regulated through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 3 of 2023 concerning State Defence, Law No. 23 of 2019 concerning Management of National Resources for State Defence, as well as the embodiment of patriotism in the state that can be carried out by a citizen who is then made by the Indonesian Government a state defence system in order to support national defence, namely by implementing a Reserve Component system stipulated in the PSDN Law and the formation of the Reserve Component is not an element of coercion or a form of human rights violation.

Members of the TNI and POLRI as part of Indonesian citizens should have human rights, especially the political right to vote in elections. However, in reality, the right to vote for these two agencies is limited by the provisions in force in the legislation. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the provisions on the right to vote for members of the TNI and POLRI from a positive law and human rights perspective. This research uses normative juridical methods such as a conceptual approach, a state approach, a historical approach and an analytical approach. Based on the research results, there is a decline in democracy looking at the history of elections in 3 periods, namely the old order, the new order and the reform era. Apart from that, there is a lack of synchronization between positive legal provisions and each other which regulate human rights and political rights of Indonesian citizens

Data ethics is part of what we mean when we talk about the decisions and actions we take when collecting, analyzing, and using data. and actions we take when collecting, analyzing and using data. The principles and laws specific to data use in each country must be followed. Ethics is not just about taking responsibility; if we are not careful and ethical in our in our activities on social media, we will suffer consequences and break the law. Ethics in the digital world can be seen from various perspectives, including ethics of personal use, business ethics, political ethics, and others. In addition to ethics, in the digital world there is also something called privacy policy. Privacy policy emerged from the common law system, system as a self-regulatory approach. Privacy policies are tailored to the principles of personal data protection principles established by national laws and regulations. There are ethical issues in the utilization of big data that need to be addressed. Decision-making based on data may become biased and unfair due to improper data analysis. Big data is a trend that covers every field of technology.

This study on students’ points of view on English subject was conducted with the first year students at SD 1 Muhammadiyah Banda Aceh. The aim of this study was to address a main question called What are the students’ points of view on English subject?. In addition to this, finding out the students’ point of view on English subject was the aim of this study. The qualitative research employed interviews as the instrument. The interviews were conducted to explore participants’ experiences, perspective, and difficulties regarding the English language. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the majority of students responded positively to the questions. However, students confirmed that English is a challenging subject to learn. In conclusion, the study indicates that students hold a positive point of view on the English subject. The majority of SD 1 Muhammadiyah Banda Aceh first year students have favorable opinions about English subject.

In the economic field, cooperatives are a form of cooperation in the economic sector. People believe in this collaboration because their lives share some of the same needs. One of the Islamic Boarding School Owned Enterprises (BUMP) at the Izzatuna Putra Palembang Islamic Boarding School is a pesantren cooperative that works to support the economy and improve the economy. This study aims to: (1) Describe the extent to which Islamic boarding school cooperatives have contributed to the economic expansion of Islamic boarding schools., (2) What is the role of cooperatives in improving the economy of the Islamic boarding school Izzatuna Putra Palembang in the study of Islamic economics. This is a type of field research using primary and secondary data sources. The data obtained will be presented with narrative text. This study uses qualitative data analysis methods/techniques using inductive thinking methods. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The role of cooperatives in improving the Islamic boarding school's economy is marked by the development of cooperatives that run a trading business every day where a portion of the profits will be deposited to the Islamic boarding school, both material and non-material, and the Islamic boarding school cooperative is also very helpful. in increasing the income of members of the cooperative and the Islamic boarding school community. (2) Then the role of the Izzatuna Putra Palembang Islamic Boarding School Cooperative in improving the economy of the Izzatuna Putra Palembang Islamic Boarding School in an Islamic perspective is carried out in several ways, namely: sharia economic values ​​in helping the community's economy, and avoiding incompatibility of sharia economic principles.

The term Childfree has recently become a sensation among millennials today, not long after public figure Gita Safitri Devi and her husband Paul Andre Partohap stated on their social media account that they intended not to have children. Childfree is actually not a new issue, but the term childfree has been around since the end of the 20th century and has spread throughout the world along with the development of liberalism throughout the world. Childfree is a choice in a household relationship, namely a decision for a husband and wife not to have children on purpose. This phenomenon is an interesting issue to discuss from various perspectives, one of which is from a religious perspective. Of course, each religion will have different views in responding to the issue of childfree in accordance with the teachings of their respective religions. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method, library research approach. Research originating from books, journals, videos, and research that has been conducted, is then analyzed in depth. This research concludes that seen from a religious perspective, in this case there are three religions that are the focus of reference for researchers, namely Islam, Christianity and Hinduism, that chidfree is something that is contrary to the principles in their teachings. In responding to the Chidfree problem, there is a solution provided by each religion as long as it is considered humane and does not eliminate the benefits, or brings harm and does not conflict with religious rules and principles.

The purpose of this study was to determine employee performance in Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces, Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta, residents' satisfaction in Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces, Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta. and the role of Employee Performance on Citizen Satisfaction in Child- Friendly Integrated Public Spaces, Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta.This research method is a qualitative description through interviews with informants as key informants who explain or describe the effect of employee performance on citizen satisfaction in Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces, Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta. And through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which is a group interview that emphasizes interaction on the topics discussed. This study also describes testing the validity of the data, the validity of the data or the credibility of the data, namely in observation, perseverance, discussion and study as well as analysis of the satisfaction of these residents.The results of the study showed that there was a value gap in the views of officials who were interviewed and discussed with community groups who were also interviewed by researchers. So the need for a researcher's perspective and confirms that performance is a substantial factor in creating maximum work. Thus the role of performance on citizen satisfaction in the Child-Friendly Integrated Public Space, Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta, is very important. Not only encouraging the creation of new values in understanding citizen satisfaction.

Ta’aruf is a process of introduction between two individuals aimed at building a more serious relationship within the context of marriage. In modern society, dating is often considered a preliminary step toward marriage; however, from an Islamic perspective, dating can lead to various moral and social problems. This journal aims to explore the relevance of ta’aruf as a more appropriate alternative aligned with Islamic values in avoiding dating. Through theoretical reviews, research methodology, and data analysis, this study seeks to provide effective solutions to the challenges of relationships among Muslim youth. The findings indicate that ta’aruf has a strong foundation in Islamic teachings and offers a safe space for individuals to get to know each other in a shar’i (lawful) manner without violating religious boundaries. This process not only minimizes the potential for moral pitfalls but also fosters a healthier and more purposeful foundation of communication toward a harmonious marriage (sakinah). With the right approach, ta’aruf can serve as a relevant, adaptive model of pre-marital relationships that educates young Muslims to build families based on Islamic values.

Thomas Kuhn, a prominent philosopher of science, introduced the concept of scientific revolution through his famous theory. The linkage of science with marketing science opens the door to a deeper understanding of consumer behavior and market dynamics. The marketing phenomenon in Indonesia reflects a unique blend of tradition and modernity. This research uses the method of descriptive analysis method to analyze the data, where the data is reviewed and investigated in three stages; general, exploratory, and focused study. This research uses the descriptive analysis method to analyze the data (Sugiyono, 2014). Data were reviewed and investigated in three stages; general, exploratory, and study focus. In this study, the use of Thomas Kuhn's theory, as illustrated in "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," provides a rich perspective on the paradigmatic evolution in marketing. Paradigms, as frameworks of shared understanding, play a central role in shaping scientific mindsets and marketing strategies.

Advances in banking technology are currently very rapid, such as the emergence of digital payment methods. This digital method is enough to help humans,especially in terms of the economy, such as making transactions easier. The methodused in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. The data collection technique in this study was by interviewing the issues discussed. This research discusses the perspective of generation Z on banking technology. The existence of banking technology certainly helps the efficiency of its users, because it can make it easier for users. Users of banking technology can certainly use it at any time without worrying about the privacy of personal data, because the service system is good and also maintains an image.    

This study aims to analyze the perception and intensity of use of QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) among MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) in Pekalongan using descriptive qualitative research methods. QRIS is an electronic payment system that allows MSMEs to receive payments via QR codes that can be scanned using a banking application or digital wallet. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with MSMEs owners and managers in Pekalongan to understand their perceptions of QRIS and their intentions in using this payment system. The researcher will use a structured interview guide to collect data on the knowledge, experience, and attitude of MSMEs towards QRIS. Data collected from interviews will be analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques, where findings and patterns arising from interviews will be identified, grouped, and interpreted. This analysis will provide a more in-depth insight into the perception and intensity of QRIS use among MSMEs in Pekalongan City. The results of this study are expected to provide a more in-depth understanding of the factors affecting QRIS adoption among MSMEs from their own perspective. The resulting information can be used to develop better strategies and policies in promoting QRIS use among MSMEs. In addition, the results of this study can also provide valuable input for banks, governments, and other stakeholders in expanding QRIS adoption and increasing financial inclusion in the MSME sector in Pekalongan City. It is hoped that this study will contribute significantly to the development and further understanding of QRIS implementation among MSMEs and help create a more efficient and inclusive payment ecosystem for MSMEs in Pekalongan City and the community as a whole.  

Sexual behaviour or actions that differ from generally accepted sexual norms in the LGBT community should not be considered something that should be taken for granted. This sexual behaviour or action arises because there are variations in individual sexual desires. Sexual orientation and habits refer to a person's desire to express their desire, love, emotions, and sexual activities towards individuals of the same gender, the opposite gender, or both. LGBT is an abbreviation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender, which refers to a group of individuals who have a sexual orientation or gender identity that is different from the majority. There are various views in society regarding LGBT, with some rejecting this variation in sexual behaviour while others openly accepting it. The debate regarding LGBT issues is increasingly intense and widespread, with various arguments related to human rights (HAM) and arguments based on religion. This research aims to investigate different views regarding LGBT issues in Indonesia, both from a religious and a human rights perspective.

According to WHO (World Health Organization), health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just freedom from disease or weakness/disability. From this description it can be concluded that health implies ideal health conditions, both from a biological, psychological and social perspective. Apart from that, WHO also describes several health characteristics that need to be known, including physical and spiritual health without involving external elements, health related to the internal or external environment, spiritual health, mental health or what is usually called mental health (WHO, 2022). Mental disorders are disorders in the way of thinking (cognitive), will (volition), emotions (affective), actions (psychomotor). One of the mental disorders that greatly affects and disrupts an individual's life is schizophrenia (Makhruzah et al, 2021).

The aim of this research is to make a comparison of compensation law (‘iwadh) in khulû’ (talak law) from the perspective of the Syafi'i School and the Islamic Law Commission (KHI). Khulû' is a form of divorce in which the wife can ask for a divorce by giving compensation to the husband. In the Syafi'i Madzhab, the rules regarding 'iwadh and khulû' are taken from the interpretation of the Al-Quran and Hadith, while KHI is a collection of laws that apply in certain countries. This study uses a comparative analysis method between the two sources of law. The results of the study show that there are different approaches to regulating compensation law in khulû'. The Syafi'i school tends to emphasize the benefit of the parties involved in the divorce, so that compensation limits can be more flexible. On the other hand, KHI may have more specific and structured provisions regarding compensation in khulû', which are adapted to the social and cultural context of the country. This research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the different perspectives of Islamic law regarding khulû' and compensation law, as well as their implications for legal practice in modern society.

Morphotectonics is a major factor in controlling the development of landforms and has an influence on river systems in the Ereunpalay area and its surroundings. This study uses a quantitative method, starting with a broad perspective and then moving on to a more focused and targeted approach. This tectonic geomorphological analysis uses several morphometric parameters, such as: Drainage Density (Dd), Bifurcation Ratio (Rb), Valley Floor Width to Valley Height Ratio (Vf), Mountain Front Sinousity (Smf), Hypsometric Curve and Hypsometric Integral (HI), and the Tectonic Activity Index (IAT). From the results of IAT calculations, it is found that the Ereunpalay area and its surroundings are in class one to three tectonic activities or commonly called moderate to very high class. The flow pattern of the river that dominates the study area is a parallel flow pattern which is controlled by the geological structure. Based on the results of the morphotectonic analysis, it was found that the Ereunpalay area and its surroundings have a morphological shape that is influenced by tectonic activity in the form of faults and folds.

Al Asror Islamic boarding school has several business units which are expected to be a means of developing student entrepreneurship in addition to supporting the boarding school independently. The santri craft business unit, grocery store unit, laundry and canteen are managed by the santri in the Islamic boarding school environment. The problems faced in developing student entrepreneurship are from the perspective of students as the main object of entrepreneurship education.The solution to problems in this service activity is by carrying out FGD activities, coaching and mentoring, and business motivational lectures. The target participants are students, caregivers, administrators, parents/guardians of students, and business and entrepreneurship practitioners/experts. The FGD resource persons were the service team and cottage caretakers. The targets of motivational training are students who have been involved in managing the Islamic boarding school business unit. Motivational lecture speakers are members of the service team. The stages of implementing service activities are the pre-implementation stages of service activities, the stages of implementing service activities, and the post-service activity stages. Service activities can run well and smoothly and consist of three sub-activities, namely delivering entrepreneurship material in the general stage, FGD for stakeholders, and mentoring for students who run Islamic boarding school business units. The first and second activities were carried out successfully. Islamic boarding school stakeholders can convey ideas and concepts in developing student entrepreneurship and Islamic boarding school business units. The third activity has also been carried out by providing reinforcement for students who receive the mandate to run Islamic boarding school business units such as laundry, drinking water, canteen, and others. New business ideas for Islamic boarding schools must be analyzed carefully considering the potential and development of the Patemon area and its surroundings.