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Human resources play a fundamental role as a key component in supporting the success of an organization or agency, including village governments, as they serve as the link between formulated visions, missions, and targets and their actual implementation in the field. This study specifically focuses on examining the influence of transformational leadership, communication, and the work environment on the performance of village officials, with job satisfaction as a key mediating variable. The research method employed a quantitative approach with purposive sampling, involving 79 village officials deemed representative of the population. The findings indicate that transformational leadership partially has a significant impact on increasing the motivation, loyalty, and work ethic of village officials, as visionary leaders are able to direct, inspire, and encourage employees to work more optimally. Communication has also been shown to play a significant role, as open, two-way, and transparent communication minimizes misunderstandings and creates harmonious working relationships among employees and between superiors and subordinates. A conducive work environment, both physically, psychologically, and socially, contributes to a sense of security, comfort, and higher work morale. Furthermore, this study confirms that job satisfaction is a crucial mediating factor in linking transformational leadership, communication, and the work environment with the performance of village officials. This is because when employees are satisfied with their jobs, their commitment, productivity, and dedication to their tasks increase significantly. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for an integrated strategy in human resource management at the village level, with an emphasis on an inspirational leadership style, an effective communication system, the creation of a healthy work environment, and increasing job satisfaction as a sustainable effort.

Background: The rapid advancement of digital technologies in the Industry 4.0 era has transformed industrial mechanical systems into highly interconnected and data driven environments through the integration of sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and cyber physical systems. This increasing complexity requires more adaptive and accurate monitoring and prediction methods than conventional simulation approaches, which often face limitations in capturing real time dynamic system behavior. Objective: This study aims to develop a predictive performance model for industrial mechanical systems by integrating Digital Twin technology with Physics Informed Machine Learning in order to improve monitoring accuracy and support predictive maintenance strategies. Methods: This research adopts a data driven modeling and simulation approach by developing a digital representation of an industrial mechanical system that is connected to real time sensor data. The prediction model is constructed using a Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN), which integrates operational data with physical principles governing system dynamics. The research process includes the development of a Digital Twin model, integration of sensor data, training of the PINN model, model validation using experimental data, and evaluation of prediction performance using statistical metrics. Results: The results indicate that the integration of Digital Twin technology and PINN significantly improves the prediction accuracy of industrial mechanical system performance compared with conventional simulation methods and purely data driven machine learning models. The proposed model is capable of representing system dynamics more consistently, accurately following sensor data patterns, and providing strong potential for supporting machine condition monitoring and predictive maintenance strategies in modern industrial environments.

This study aims to analyze how socially constructed beauty standards shaped by media, popular culture, and the surrounding environment affect the social cognition of university students in evaluating peers who deviate from mainstream beauty norms. Within the campus environment, students often bring visual biases and prejudices toward others based solely on physical appearance, such as skin tone, body shape, and fashion style. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four students from the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) with diverse backgrounds.The results show that most students initially form judgments based on social schemas influenced by social media, past experiences, and peer environments. However, some participants demonstrated a shift in perspective after engaging in personal reflection, studying social psychology, and experiencing more diverse social interactions. They began to exhibit more empathetic attitudes and fairer judgments. This study highlights the importance of higher education in fostering critical awareness and promoting inclusive values and social sensitivity within academic environments.

This study examines the transfer of custody (hadhanah) rights of a non-mumayyiz child to the father, as decided in Judicial Decision No. 1882/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Mdn by the Medan Religious Court. According to Article 105 letter (a) of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), the custody of a child under the age of 12 (non-mumayyiz) is generally granted to the mother. However, in this case, the court ruled otherwise. The focus of this research is to analyze the legal reasoning and judicial considerations behind this deviation from normative provisions. This is a normative legalresearch employing a juridical and conceptual approach. Primary data include statutory provisions and the official court ruling, while secondary data are derived from classical Islamic jurisprudence, modern legal commentaries, and related literature. The analysis uses descriptive-analytical methods to examine the legal basis, fiqh arguments, and the principle of maslahah al-mahdhun (best interests of the child). The findings indicate that the court transferred custody to the father on the grounds that the mother had remarried and was experiencing psychological instability, which could endanger the child’s well-being. The decision was based on Article 156 letter (c) of the KHI, which allows custody to be transferred if the mother fails to guarantee the child’s physical and mental safety. The judge also considered the father's financial capability, emotional stability, and supportive environment as decisive factors in ensuring the child's best interests. This research concludes that child custody in Islamic law is flexible and adaptive, prioritizing the child’s welfare over formal legal entitlements. It also highlights the role of religious court jurisprudence in aligning Islamic legal norms with contemporary social realities.

Responsive public service plays a crucial role in building public trust in police institutions, particularly in handling citizen complaints. This study aims to examine the responsiveness level of Mojokerto Police Resort in managing public complaints and the factors influencing it. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document studies. Participants include officers from the Integrated Police Service Center (SPKT), Women and Children Service Unit (PPA), community members who have filed complaints, as well as community leaders and NGOs involved in overseeing public services. Data analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman’s model, which includes data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal a varied level of awareness among the community regarding complaint channels, as well as differences in ease of access. Physical channels such as suggestion boxes and direct reporting at police stations are more familiar and accessible but face challenges related to communication effectiveness and evidence collection. Meanwhile, online platforms like social media and the official website are less recognized by the public, compounded by limited digital literacy and internet access in certain areas. Furthermore, the complaint handling process needs to be straightforward, transparent, and professional to ensure that the community feels respected and confident in the service. Factors affecting responsiveness include response speed, ease of access across multiple channels, and the professionalism of officers handling cases. Perceptions of transparency and openness in procedures also significantly influence community trust. Strategically, Mojokerto Police Resort has made efforts to develop digital complaint systems and enhance staff capabilities. However, further improvements are necessary in community education and awareness programs to increase familiarity and confidence in digital channels. The significance of high responsiveness is reflected in its strategic benefits, such as early identification of security disturbances, strengthening police legitimacy, and improving overall public service quality. Effective responsiveness fosters better relationships between officers and the community, enhances trust, and contributes to a safer and more orderly environment. Therefore, adopting modern, innovative, and technology-based complaint systems should be prioritized to reform police services. Overall, the responsiveness of Mojokerto Police Resort’s complaint handling system serves as a key indicator for the success of quality and equitable public services. By improving officer professionalism, infrastructure, and community outreach, it is expected that Mojokerto Police can enhance responsiveness, reinforce community trust, and deliver excellent, transparent, and accountable services. Such efforts not only improve the police institution’s reputation but also strengthen democratic foundations and social justice in the Mojokerto region.    

This student service activity aims to increase awareness of the young people of the HKI Aek Raso Church regarding the cleanliness and health of the church environment through a participatory approach. The main problem raised was the young generation's low awareness of the importance of keeping places of worship clean. Students from the Christian Education Management and Christian Religious Education Study Program at IAKN Tarutung actively involve youth in mutual cooperation activities, reflective discussions, and the preparation of routine cleaning schedules. This approach does not only focus on physical actions, but also character and theological education which emphasizes that cleanliness is part of the testimony of faith. The results of the service show an increase in youth initiative and responsibility in protecting the church environment. Apart from creating positive behavioral changes, this activity also strengthens social relations between congregations. It can be concluded that participatory based service is effective in forming a culture of sustainable hygiene care and strengthening the spirituality of the church community

Sexual harassment cases in university environments have become a serious issue that not only harms victims physically and psychologically but also undermines academic and humanitarian values. This article aims to analyze the implementation of legal aid services in addressing criminal acts of sexual harassment within higher education institutions, particularly in terms of victim protection, legal assistance, and the restoration of victims’ rights. This study employs an empirical or socio-legal approach by examining existing legal regulations and the practical implementation of legal services by campus-based legal aid institutions. The findings reveal that although several universities have established task forces or sexual violence service units, their implementation still faces challenges such as limited resources, low legal awareness, and a prevailing culture of silence among students. Therefore, institutional strengthening, continuous awareness campaigns, and victim-centered campus policies are necessary to ensure comprehensive access to justice. Legal aid services must not only be reactive but also preventive and educational, as part of a broader effort to create a safe and violence-free academic environment.  

Early childhood development is a crucial phase in human life, marked by rapid changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. This study aims to explore in depth the growth process and unique characteristics of early childhood using a qualitative approach through literature review methods. The findings reveal that young children possess high curiosity, vivid imagination, and strong dependence on adults in learning and social behavior formation. Physical development progresses rapidly, while cognitive and socio-emotional development are significantly influenced by environmental stimulation, parenting style, and social interaction. Understanding these characteristics and developmental needs allows educators and parents to implement more effective approaches in supporting children's growth. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, supportive, and responsive environment as a foundation for future educational success and character building.

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in adolescents is a crucial indicator for measuring the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on their physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being. This study aimed to describe the health-related quality of life of junior and senior high school students in Bitung City during the pandemic. The research was conducted quantitatively with a cross-sectional approach, involving 423 students. The instrument used was the WHOQOL-BREF, modified for an adolescent population. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a moderate quality of life (70.4%), with an average total score of 60.0. The highest domain score was in the psychological aspect (64.69), and the lowest was in physical health (51.74). These findings reflect the significant impact of the pandemic on the quality of life of adolescents, particularly in physical and social aspects, and emphasize the need for integrated interventions for post-pandemic recovery.  

This study aims to analyze the cash disbursement accounting system for building maintenance at PT Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company, a national pharmaceutical firm that has implemented an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The primary issue addressed is the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms in handling cash disbursements, particularly cash transactions that are susceptible to errors and fraud. A qualitative descriptive case-study approach was adopted, using the COSO Framework—including control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information & communication, and monitoring. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and internal document analysis. Findings indicate that PT Bernofarm has implemented segregation of duties, tiered authorizations, and effective use of ERP for recording and disbursing funds. Nonetheless, weaknesses were found regarding the timely submission of cash transaction receipts and delays in physical document reporting, which affect data accuracy. Consequently, strengthened reporting procedures and a more comprehensive digital archiving system are recommended. This research offers practical contributions to reinforcing digital-based cash disbursement accounting systems and highlights the importance of adaptive internal control in the context of cash transactions.

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically before menstruation and are commonly experienced by adolescent girls. Common symptoms include fatigue, abdominal pain, headaches, anxiety, and mood disturbances, which can affect sleep quality, concentration, and academic productivity. This article provides an in-depth examination of the definition, types, prevalence, causes, impacts, and management of PMS in adolescent girls. Based on epidemiological data, the prevalence of PMS is quite high, both globally and nationally, with incidence rates in Indonesia reaching 70–90% among women of reproductive age, and most cases beginning during adolescence. There are four main types of PMS: Type A (anxiety), Type H (hyperhidrosis), Type C (food cravings), and Type D (depression), each with specific characteristics and etiologies. Causes of PMS include hormonal imbalances of estrogen and progesterone, reduced serotonin levels, poor sleep quality, psychological stress, genetic factors, and unhealthy lifestyles. The impact of PMS on adolescents is complex, including decreased academic performance, social relationship disturbances, and reduced psychological well-being. Therefore, PMS management should be approached holistically through pharmacological (such as NSAIDs, antidepressants, and diuretics) and non-pharmacological (physical exercise, relaxation, lifestyle changes, and nutritional education) interventions. Environmental support and reproductive health education are crucial to help adolescents effectively manage PMS symptoms and improve their quality of life. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for promotive and preventive interventions in adolescent health care.

Acute bronchitis, a common respiratory infection, is a significant medical problem, especially among adults, characterized by the sudden onset of a persistent cough, with or without sputum production. Symptoms are self-limiting, usually mild, and resolve spontaneously within 1 to 3 weeks. Current epidemiological data in Indonesia for bronchitis are not recorded with certainty. Still, the incidence of acute respiratory infections with symptoms similar to acute bronchitis is recorded as the highest in Papua at 10.5%, and in Jakarta itself only recorded at 2.7%. This case study discusses a 20-year-old man with complaints of cough with phlegm for 1 week before coming to the health center with thin, white sputum that worsens with activity and exposure to air pollution. Complaints are accompanied by fever and headache. The patient is a light smoker and lives with the patient's brother, who has similar complaints and is also an active smoker in a house with minimal ventilation in a polluted environment due to street dust. Physical examination of the thorax found coarse rhonchi in both lung fields, which led to the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. Based on this case, it was found that the importance of complete and comprehensive treatment of acute bronchitis in men is expected to be a guide to promote treatment and prevention in cases of acute bronchitis.

This study aims to identify teacher strategies in regulating the emotions of children with moderate Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at SLB PGRI Kamal. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) approach, it was found that teacher strategies include firm verbal communication, light physical touch such as patting the shoulder, short and clear instructions, short study sessions with breaks, and diversion through light tasks. This strategy has been proven effective in reducing emotional outbursts and increasing children's focus in class. The success of implementing the strategy is highly dependent on teacher readiness, collaboration with parents, and support from the school environment.

This study aims to determine the extent to which the school environment influences students’ interests and motivation in learning at SDN Maos Lor 04. The main research subjects were grade V students, and teachers as supporting informants. The school environment, which includes the physical condition of the building, social interaction, and availability of learning facilities, plays an important role in creating a positive and enjoyable lerning atmosphere, This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that a clean, orderly, safe school atmosphere, as well as a harmonious relationship between teachers and students can encourage enthusiasm for learning and increase student involvement in the learning process. Conversely, a less supportive school environment tends to reduce student motivation and active participation. Students’ interests and desires in learning are also influenced by other factors such as family involvement, emotional support, and implementation of appropriate learning strategies. Therefore, synergy between schools, teachers, and parents is needed to create a conductive and meaningful learning environment for student development.

This study aims to analyze customer experience with the services provided by F21 Sinergy Motorcycle Workshop. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews and participatory observations involving 12 repeat customers who have used the workshop's services more than once. The research seeks to explore customers’ perceptions of several key service dimensions, including service quality, repair speed, the professionalism of technicians, and overall satisfaction with the repair outcomes. Findings indicate that while most customers perceive the service to be friendly and responsive, some expressed concerns regarding consistency in service speed during peak hours. The professionalism and technical competence of the mechanics were generally appreciated, particularly in terms of communication and transparency about issues and repair estimates. The study also reveals that trust and communication are critical factors that influence repeat visits and customer loyalty. Furthermore, the physical environment of the workshop, cleanliness, and waiting area comfort also contributed to the overall customer experience. These findings suggest that F21 Sinergy should maintain its strengths in interpersonal service while continuously improving operational efficiency during busy periods. This study contributes to a better understanding of how customer experience influences perceptions of service quality in the motorcycle repair industry. 

Packaging plays an important role in maintaining the quality, stability, and effectiveness of medicines, both in the form of pharmaceutical preparations and herbal products. This review article aims to analyze the role of primary and secondary packaging materials through literature studies from various relevant journals. The method used was a literature review of four selected national and international journals that discussed the influence of packaging on product stability, information effectiveness, and product image in the eyes of consumers. The results of the study show that primary packaging functions to protect products directly from environmental influences, while secondary packaging functions in distribution, storage, and strengthening visual and branding aspects. Innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastics and visual redesign have been proven to increase stability and consumer confidence in the product. It can be concluded that packaging is a crucial aspect that not only maintains the physical-chemical quality of the product, but also shapes consumer perception and compliance.

This study aims to analyze the management of the learning environment at RA Husna Al Fauzan Binjai in creating a conducive learning space for early childhood development. The method used is descriptive qualitative with techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the management of the learning environment at RA Husna Al Fauzan adheres to early childhood education (ECE) pedagogical principles, encompassing physical space arrangement, the availability of educational play equipment, and the establishment of a supportive social climate. However, several challenges were identified, such as limited space and resources, which need to be addressed through parent collaboration and enhanced teacher capacity. This study recommends the need for a more systematic and sustainable management strategy to create a holistic learning environment.  

Education is not only about academic knowledge, but also about the overall balance between body and mind. Amidst increasing academic demands and constant social pressures, students’ mental health is a crucial aspect that should not be ignored. Mental health literacy in a legal perspective is the foundation for academic success, healthy social interactions and overall quality of life. In the educational environment, we often talk about achievement, grades and preparation for the future, but we often forget that students’ mental health is an important foundation for achieving such success. Mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression or stress that are not addressed can interfere with concentration in learning, healthy social interactions, and even general physical health. Therefore, it is important for us to start building mental health literacy in a legal perspective among students. By knowing the symptoms that may appear, preventive measures that can be taken and available sources of support, we can help create an inclusive, caring and supportive educational environment for students’ mental well-being. Many countries have specific regulations that cover aspects of mental health literacy in the educational environment, including students’ rights related to access to services and protection from discrimination. Student mental health literacy from a legal perspective involves the application of legal principles in the context of protecting and fulfilling students' rights related to mental health in the educational environment. Mental health literacy from a legal perspective as an integral part of individual well-being is gaining increasing emphasis in the legal realm. Protection of individual mental health does not only rely on medical aspects, but is also closely intertwined with the rights and regulations that accompany it. Education, advocacy, and cross-sector collaboration are key in efforts to improve mental health protection from a legal perspective that includes interrelated social, educational, health, and legal aspects. Through a better understanding of this background, regulations and policies can be developed to better protect and support students' mental health in educational institutions.    

Facilities and infrastructure are an important part of supporting the creation of a safe, comfortable learning environment, and supporting an optimal learning process. Therefore, the security of physical assets in schools needs to be managed in a planned and sustainable manner. This study examines the definition, legal basis, theoretical steps, as well as the results of observations and real obstacles in the field. Through preventive and repressive approaches, security is carried out in three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The observation results showed that although the school had implemented several preventive measures such as the installation of CCTV and the locking of spaces, there were no permanent security officers available, and supervision was limited to operating hours. The lack of a physical security system is a major challenge. Therefore, improving security infrastructure and the involvement of all school residents is key in creating a safe and sustainable learning environment. This study is expected to be a reflection and inspiration in managing educational assets strategically and responsibly.

This study identifies the role of shamans in local wisdom-based wellness tourism in Belumbang Tourism Village, Kerambitan Sub-district, Tabanan Regency. Shamans as traditional spiritual figures play an important role in wellness practices that combine physical healing, spiritual rituals and local ecological understanding. Using observation and interview methods, this research was analyzed based on the six dimensions of wellness in the Extended Wellness Model (Mueller & Kaufmann, 2001), and supported by data from the Global Wellness Institute (Yeung & Johnston, 2018) and the authors' perceptions of shamans. The results show that shaman practices support all dimensions of wellness, especially the spiritual, physical and environmental aspects. Travelers gain benefits such as traditional massages, herbal concoctions, and inner peace through rituals that touch on emotional and mental aspects. Shamans also play a role in educating tourists about the harmony of humans and nature through the responsible use of resources. Thus, shamans not only function as healers, but also as guardians of local culture and tourist attractions that strengthen village identity and support sustainable health and culture-based tourism.