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The enhancement of student learning outcomes is a primary goal of various innovations in teaching methods. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of cooperative learning methods, specifically Jigsaw Learning and Numbered Heads Together (NHT), in improving student learning outcomes. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research analyzes twelve studies published between 2019 and 2025 that compare these two methods. The findings indicate that both Jigsaw Learning and NHT possess unique strengths; Jigsaw Learning fosters deep understanding through collaborative expertise, while NHT promotes active participation through structured discussions. Despite some studies showing no significant differences in effectiveness, others highlight context-dependent advantages of each method. The implications suggest that educators should consider the specific learning objectives and student characteristics when selecting or combining these methods to optimize educational outcomes.

This study aims to construct elementary school students understanding of the eclipse phenomenon through the integration of science and local wisdom. This case study explores the use of the Bancakan Gerhono tradition as a learning method to improve students conceptual understanding of the eclipse, as well as how this approach can strengthen culture based learning. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The subjects of the study consisted of 6th grade elementary school students and science teachers at SDN Boja 01. Data validity techniques were carried out through triangulation of sources, methods, researchers, and theories. Data were analyzed using an interactive model from Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014) which includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of the study showed that the integration of the Bancakan Gerhono tradition in science learning significantly improved students understanding of eclipses. Students were able to relate scientific concepts to their cultural context, making learning more meaningful and relevant. The acceptance of the integration of local wisdom in learning was very positive, both from students and teachers. This approach was also proven to be effective in increasing student engagement and strengthening their conceptual understanding. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating local wisdom into the science curriculum to create holistic and contextual learning. this study also recommends further development regarding the application of local tradition sin various disciplines in elementary school.

This research aims to identify and evaluate learning strategies at SDN Cibanjaran. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study relied on in-depth interviews, observations and group discussions to explore criticisms and suggestions for learning methods. The findings show that effective learning strategies involve a differentiated approach, where materials and methods are tailored to students’ individual needs. Problem-based learning (PBL) and project-based learning (PJBL) models are considered to increase student relevance and motivation. However, the different characteristics of today’s students compared to those of the past pose new challenges, especially in the application of discipline, which must now be more humane. In addition, adjusting to the Merdeka Curriculum is crucial, where teachers are encouraged to continue learning through platforms such as PMM. This study concludes that learning strategies need to adapt to changing times, environments and student needs to create a meaningful learning process. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of inclusive and dynamic learning, and the role of teachers as innovative facilitators.  

This research leads to exploring the effectiveness of active learning strategies in improving students' critical thinking skills in the modern era. By utilizing a qualitative approach and field study methods, the research was conducted at SMP IT Mutiara Ilmu Sokaraja. Data was collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of principals, teachers, and 8th grade students. The results of the study prove that active learning strategies, such as group discussions, questions and answers, and project-based learning, significantly improve students' critical thinking skills. Students are honed to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems independently, so they are better prepared to face the challenges of the 21st century. In addition, the study reveals the important role of technology as a support for active learning, although its use is still limited to simple devices such as laptops and projectors. The obstacles found include limited technology facilities, learning time, and diverse levels of student readiness. These findings support Neil Smelser's concept of social adaptation, where active learning reflects an adaptive response to modernizing changes in education. The conclusion of this study is that active learning strategies are effective in building students' critical thinking skills, but require support in the form of adequate technological facilities and intensive training for teachers. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of investment in educational technology and teacher capacity building to optimize the implementation of active learning in various educational contexts.

This study explores efforts to improve literacy and numeracy through collaboration between teachers and students in the Teaching Campus Program at SD Negeri 03 Geragahan. Literacy and numeracy are essential skills in primary education, but many schools in remote areas still face challenges in achieving expected standards. The study aims to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of this program. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that the Teaching Campus Program has a significant positive impact on improving students' literacy and numeracy. There was an increase in reading ability, reading comprehension, reading interest, arithmetic ability, understanding of mathematical concepts, and interest in learning mathematics. The implications of this research highlight the importance of support and commitment from all parties involved in the program to ensure its sustainability and success. This research makes a significant contribution to efforts to improve the quality of education in remote areas and can serve as a reference for similar programs in the future.

Language and semiotics have a close relationship and are interrelated. Language is a system of signs that humans use to communicate, while semiotics is the science that studies signs. Semiotics is a science that studies signs. This paper aims to describe the semiotic studies contained in the lyrics of the albums "Human" and "Monochrome". Apart from that, it also describes the albums "Humans" and Monochrome" as learning material for analyzing poetry texts in class X SMA. This research uses a descriptive approach using a qualitative method. The descriptive approach utilizes data in the form of a deep understanding of the use of semiotic signs in song lyrics, as well as being able to understand the meaning and context in their use. The conclusion of the analysis is as follows: Study of the semiotics of the lyrics of the albums "Manusia" and "Monochrome" by Tulus, that the signifiers found in this research are in the form of song lyrics, in the form of the suffixes a, u, i, ng, ar, am, ang. The signified found in this research is related to social reality, has meaning regarding the value of motivation towards other people, the value of optimism, and the value of love for someone as a whole of the song lyrics. The album "Human" and Monochrome" by Tulus can be used as learning material to analyze poetry texts in class X high school. Learning the semiotics of a collection of song lyrics from Tulus can improve students' ability to understand feelings, imagination, sensitivity and understanding of the characters depicted.