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Employee affective commitment is a critical factor for workforce retention and service quality in healthcare organizations, particularly among nurses who represent the largest professional group in hospitals. Kemayoran X Hospital has experienced persistently high nurse turnover rates, indicating potential deficiencies in affective commitment. This study aimed to examine the influence of perceived organizational support and organizational justice on nurses’ affective commitment, with work engagement serving as an intervening variable. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 125 staff nurses at Kemayoran X Hospital selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires distributed via Google Forms and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results demonstrated that perceived organizational support, organizational justice, and work engagement simultaneously exerted a significant effect on affective commitment. Furthermore, perceived organizational support and organizational justice showed significant positive effects on work engagement, which in turn significantly influenced affective commitment. Mediation analysis confirmed that work engagement partially mediated the relationships between perceived organizational support and affective commitment, as well as between organizational justice and affective commitment. These findings indicate that nurses who perceive fair treatment and strong organizational support are more likely to be engaged in their work and emotionally committed to their organization. In conclusion, strengthening organizational support systems, ensuring fairness in decision-making processes, and fostering work engagement are essential managerial strategies to enhance nurses’ affective commitment and reduce turnover in hospital settings.

Premeditated murder is a severe crime characterized by prior planning (voorbedachte raad), making the proof of premeditation crucial in criminal justice. This element is linked to the mental state of the perpetrator, which cannot be directly proven but must be inferred from objective facts and events. Legal proof often focuses on the elements of Article 340 of the Criminal Code, overlooking criminological aspects such as motives, background, and the process of intent formation. This study analyzes how premeditation is proven in murder cases from a criminological perspective and evaluates the relevance of criminological approaches in judicial deliberations. Using a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by philosophical, sociological, and criminological studies, the research finds that proving premeditation requires more than legal indicators like time delay, tool preparation, and structured actions. It also involves understanding the perpetrator's psychological, social, and situational factors. A criminological perspective helps explain the formation of criminal intent, offering a more comprehensive view of premeditation. Integrating criminology into judicial decisions can enhance evidence quality, leading to more substantive and just outcomes.

Detention is one of the most coercive measures in the criminal justice process and is intended to ensure the effectiveness of criminal proceedings. In many legal systems, public prosecutors are granted authority to order detention against suspects or defendants under specific legal requirements. However, the practical effectiveness of detention by public prosecutors in achieving procedural objectives and safeguarding legal rights remains a subject of debate. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of detention carried out by public prosecutors against perpetrators of criminal acts, focusing on its legal basis, implementation, and impact on the criminal justice process. Using a normative juridical approach supported by qualitative analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant case studies, this research evaluates whether prosecutorial detention fulfills principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, and human rights protection. The findings indicate that while detention by public prosecutors can enhance procedural efficiency and prevent obstruction of justice, its effectiveness is often constrained by inconsistencies in application, weak judicial oversight, and potential risks of arbitrary detention. This study concludes that strengthening legal safeguards, standardizing detention criteria, and enhancing accountability mechanisms are essential to ensure that detention by public prosecutors remains both effective and compliant with the rule of law.

The last few decades of the institutionalization of Islamic finance are notable for the fundamental controversies surrounding its institutionalization. These controversies can be seen rooted in the dual phenomena of the legalistic form taking Islamic finance as a practice and the overwhelming reliance on modern managerial paradigms. There are significant ethical gaps as consequence. The objective of the current research is to aim to help reconstruct the philosophy of Islamic financial management from the perspective of the maqasid al-shariah and, importantly, to treat it as a primary lens and not secondary. The research employs a qualitative conceptual and philosophical approach and attempts to engage the prevailing paradigms and contours of Islamic finance through the lenses of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The research finds that contemporary Islamic financial management suffers from a deficient ontology of profit, epistemology of compliance and an axiology that is instrumentally weak. In light of the above, the research articulates the philosophy of Islamic Finance in the direction of the maqasid and posits that finance as an instrument of maslahah, and so, in that order, integrate revelation, reason, and the socio-economic order, and it is, thereby, just to place the preeminent values of human dignity, justice and the welfare of the greater good (public) in the financing of maslahah. The research articulates a coherently formulated philosophy of Islamic financial management based on the maqasid for the Islamic financial management of practice and for empirical, policy and institutional Islamic finance reform, and so makes a significant theoretical contribution.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of land acquisition policies in Sorong City from the perspective of social justice for indigenous peoples, and to evaluate the extent to which customary rights are accommodated in the development process. The research method is a mixed-methods study with an embedded design. The qualitative approach was the primary instrument, using in-depth interviews with five key speakers, including land authorities and representatives of the Malaloi Indigenous Peoples Institution (LMA). Quantitative approaches are used only in correlation analysis to reinforce qualitative findings. The study's results show a "Paradox of Justice" in Sorong City. Procedurally, the land acquisition policy has been effective in accordance with Law Number 2 of 2012, supported by a strong statistical correlation between land acquisition and social justice. However, substantively, justice for indigenous peoples has not been fully achieved because the involvement of indigenous leaders in deliberations is often considered a mere administrative formality. The highest correlation between indigenous peoples and social justice confirms that the recognition of customary rights is the main determinant of justice in public policy. The main obstacles identified include difficulties in the administrative documentation of customary lands and paradigmatic differences between the government's materialistic values and the sociocultural values of indigenous peoples. The theoretical implications of this study confirm the importance of communication factors and the disposition of implementers in the implementation of policies in customary territories. In practice, the government needs to reformulate deliberations based on local values and the structural recognition of customary rights.

The rapid development of digital technology has increased the risk of song copyright infringement, thereby requiring effective and adaptive law enforcement mechanisms. Song copyright, as part of intellectual property rights, is protected under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, with certain infringements classified as complaint-based criminal offenses. This study aims to analyze the handling of criminal cases of song copyright infringement by Civil Servant Investigators at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law in West Java and to evaluate the effectiveness of their enforcement practices. The research employs a normative-empirical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, combining statutory analysis with empirical data obtained through interviews and field observations. The findings reveal that case handling is conducted through structured stages, including complaint submission, preliminary examination, mediation, and follow-up actions. Mediation constitutes the primary mechanism for dispute resolution, reflecting the application of the ultimum remedium principle and a restorative justice approach. Although the procedural framework has been implemented in accordance with applicable regulations, enforcement effectiveness remains constrained by limited human resources, budgetary limitations, insufficient technical capacity, low public legal awareness, and inadequate inter-agency coordination. These results underscore the importance of strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing enforcement effectiveness to ensure sustainable protection of song copyright.

This study aims to analyze the legal status of jointly managed social media accounts within the framework of marital property in Indonesia. The growth of the digital creative economy has transformed social media accounts into productive assets with economic value, yet Indonesian civil law has not provided legal certainty regarding their ownership status following divorce or death. The research method employed is normative legal research with a comparative legal approach. The results indicate a regulatory void in Law Number 1 of 1974, which remains oriented toward physical objects, while digital accounts are often regarded as personal rights tied to the registered individual. Conversely, digital regulations in the European Union, through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the concept of digital estate, have begun to accommodate the continuity of access and management of digital assets for relevant parties. The discussion emphasizes the need for a redefinition of assets in Indonesian family law that synchronizes privacy rights with economic rights. In conclusion, productive social media accounts should be qualified as marital property through progressive interpretation or prenuptial agreements. This study recommends the synchronization of personal data protection regulations and marriage law to ensure distributive justice for couples in the digital economy era.

Employee cooperatives play a strategic role as an economic buffer for teachers and school staff, particularly in providing access to safe, transparent, and equitable financial services. This study aims to evaluate the salary and share deduction system in managing member loans at the “Maju Terus” Employee Cooperative of SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere. The evaluation focuses on salary deduction procedures for active members, share deduction mechanisms for inactive members, handling of arrears, system effectiveness, obstacles encountered, causes of obstacles, and improvement efforts that have been made. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The study results show that the salary and share deduction system has been implemented in a structured and effective manner, successfully maintaining the non-performing loan rate below 2% for the past three years, as well as supporting cash flow stability and increasing cooperative revenue. However, the implementation of this system still faces obstacles such as late payment of salary deductions by the school treasurer, insufficient shares of inactive members to cover arrears, a manual recording system, and minimal outreach to new members. Improvement efforts that have been made include monthly coordination meetings, intensive outreach, transparency through membership books, quarterly reporting, and the implementation of moral sanctions. These findings confirm that the salary and share deduction system is not only a loan security tool, but also a concrete manifestation of cooperative values: kinship, collective responsibility, and economic justice.

Violence against children remains a serious violation of human rights that continues to occur in various social environments, including religious-based educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools, where children are in a highly vulnerable position both physically and psychologically. One case that drew public attention occurred at the Pesona Al-Qur’an Islamic Boarding School in Pesawaran Regency, which was resolved through a restorative justice approach without proceeding to court. This study aims to examine the mechanism of law enforcement against perpetrators of child abuse at the institution and to analyze the factors hindering the implementation of restorative justice in such cases. Using a normative-empirical research method, this study analyzes applicable laws and regulations supported by field data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that law enforcement was carried out through an investigation by the Pesawaran Resort Police, followed by the termination of prosecution by the Pesawaran District Prosecutor’s Office based on Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2020 concerning the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. Case resolution was conducted through mediation involving the perpetrator, the victim, and their families, facilitated by law enforcement officers, resulting in an agreement in the form of an apology and compensation to the victim. However, the implementation of restorative justice still faces several obstacles, including limited public understanding, concerns about the loss of deterrent effects, power imbalances between victims and perpetrators, potential pressure on victims to accept reconciliation, and weak supervision of post-mediation agreements; therefore, strengthening oversight, improving the understanding of law enforcement officers and the community, and optimizing the role of child protection institutions are essential to ensure that restorative justice truly prioritizes the best interests of the child and provides substantive justice.

The crime of receiving stolen goods, as regulated in Article 480 of the Criminal Code (KUHP), is an offence that plays a crucial role in the continuation of the principal crime, particularly theft. Receivers provide a market for stolen goods, thereby indirectly encouraging perpetrators to continue their actions. This paper investigates how Article 480 of the KUHP in judicial practice, with a focus on proving the element of ‘knowing or reasonably suspecting’ that the goods purchased were obtained through criminal activity. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach through direct observation of a trial at the M. District Court. The observations show that the panel of judges successfully proved the defendant's guilt as a fence through a series of trial facts, such as the unreasonable purchase price, consistent testimony from the perpetrator of the theft, and the defendant's own admission that he had been suspicious. The judge's decision, which was lighter than the prosecutor's demands, also reflected considerations of substantive justice and humanity in addition to legal certainty. This study concludes that the effective enforcement of Article 480 of the Criminal Code in court plays an important role in breaking the chain of crime and providing a deterrent effect not only for the main perpetrators but also for those who participate in enjoying the proceeds of crime.  

This study discusses the function of corporate criminal liability for State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), particularly SOEs, by examining a case of corruption in the sale of commodities at Perum Bulog Jakarta in 2022-2023, which caused financial losses to the state amounting to approximately IDR 7.192 billion. This case illustrates the abuse of authority by SOE officials, which not only reflects individual violations but also is a symptom of weaknesses in the culture of internal control and compliance in state-owned companies. The purpose of this study is to examine the regulation and application of the principle of corporate criminal liability in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) with reference to Law Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes, the latest Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023), and Supreme Court Regulation Number 13 of 2016. The method used is normative legal research with a juridical approach, which focuses on the review of legislation, the concept of corporate criminal liability, and the analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study show that acts of corruption involving Bulog have fulfilled the elements of corporate criminal liability, because they were carried out in the exercise of official authority and were intended for the benefit of the institution. The application of the provisions in the new Criminal Code, particularly Articles 45 to 47 and Article 118, confirms the position of corporations as legal subjects in the criminal law system. The implications of this research highlight the need to strengthen the Good Corporate Governance (GCG) system in SOEs and the need for consistent enforcement of corporate criminal liability by law enforcement officials to ensure justice, transparency, and the prevention of structural corruption in Indonesia.  

This article proposes wasathiyah—a balanced Islamic ethic grounded in the maqasid al-shari‘ah—as a practical framework for East–West civilizational dialogue. It critiques “clash of civilizations” narratives for reducing cross-cultural relations to identity antagonism, while historical experience points to more complex patterns of exchange, negotiation, and mutual correction. By using maqasid as a normative compass, dialogue is oriented toward publicly verifiable aims: safeguarding human dignity, advancing justice, protecting reason and knowledge, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting sustainable governance. The discussion draws on Nahdlatul Ulama’s tradition of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah and contemporary discourse on fiqh al-hadlarah (civilizational jurisprudence) to formulate an indicator matrix across key domains—education, law and human rights, economy, media, and emerging technologies (including AI)—along with a 3–5 year implementation roadmap and risk-mitigation strategies. The article concludes by highlighting implications for Islamic education, particularly academic integrity, digital-ethical literacy, and interdisciplinary projects oriented to the public good (maslahah).

This study examines the binding force of the WHO Patient Safety Rights Charter (2024) as a soft law instrument within the Indonesian legal system and evaluates the potential application of its principles in the formulation of national health policies. The research employs a normative juridical method with descriptive, analytical, and comparative approaches toward international norms, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Global Patient Safety Action Plan (2021–2030), as well as relevant national regulations. The findings indicate that although the WHO Charter is not legally binding, it possesses substantial normative and moral authority derived from the ethical legitimacy of the World Health Organization and its alignment with the principles of the right to health. In Indonesia, several principles of the Charter have been partially reflected in Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health; however, normative gaps remain, particularly regarding patients’ participatory rights and medical justice. Soft law acquires its normative strength through moral legitimacy, broad acceptance, and integration into domestic policy frameworks. The study concludes that strengthening legal protection for patient safety in Indonesia requires the explicit incorporation of the WHO Charter’s principles into implementing regulations, thereby fostering a health law system that is equitable, accountable, and grounded in human rights.

This study aims to analyze the profitability level of the canteen at Nurul Islam 2 Islamic Boarding School and its contribution to the economy of the boarding school from a sharia perspective. The background of this study is based on the important role of Islamic boarding school business units as a source of economic independence for Islamic educational institutions. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The main informants of this study include the canteen manager and several students as consumers. The results of the study indicate that the canteen management has been running effectively, with a transparent financial recording system, separation of personal and operational cash, and a fair and affordable pricing strategy. The canteen's profitability level is relatively stable with an average daily income of between two and three million rupiah, and increases significantly during certain activities such as Sambangan. Business profits not only have a financial impact, but also contribute to financing the boarding school's activities and improving the welfare of students. From a sharia perspective, the economic practices of this canteen have implemented the principles of honesty (shiddiq), justice ('adl), trustworthiness, and blessings (barakah), so that it can be said that the Islamic boarding school canteen is a model of micro-economy based on sustainable Islamic values ​​and oriented towards the common good.

Financial purity is a fundamental principle in Islamic economics that emphasizes the management of assets in a halal, fair, and responsible manner in accordance with sharia provisions. In the context of Islamic financial institutions, zakat plays a strategic role as an instrument for the purification of assets (tazkiyat al-mal) and as a mechanism for wealth redistribution to achieve social justice. This study aims to analyze the role of zakat in maintaining the financial purity of Islamic financial institutions. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to managers and related parties in Islamic financial institutions that have zakat management programs. The research variables include zakat management as the independent variable and financial purity as the dependent variable, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results of this study indicate that zakat management has a positive and significant impact on the financial sanctity of Islamic financial institutions, primarily through increased sharia compliance, transparency, and institutional accountability. This finding confirms that zakat serves not only as an obligatory act of worship but also as a strategic instrument in strengthening the ethics, legitimacy, and social responsibility of Islamic financial institutions. This research is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions to the development of sustainable zakat governance in the Islamic financial system.

This research was conducted for the purpose of ascertaining law enforcements for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) business actors in Indonesia based on Law No. 55 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. It also analyzes the role of government in providing enforcements to small and Medium Enterprises. In this study, normative legal research was used. It found that the legal protection of small businesses competition in Indonesia is a manifestation of the implementation of economic democracy that contains the principles of justice and togetherness to encourage creating opportunities for every businessman in a healthy competition environment. It also found that healthy competition aims to avoid a monopoly of certain business actors only, but it could provide business opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises business actors to enlarge their business.

The reform of criminal law in Indonesia has become an increasingly urgent necessity in line with social developments, technological advancement, and the growing complexity and diversity of crime. Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the new Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana/KUHP) emerges as a comprehensive effort to replace the colonial-era Criminal Code and to align the national criminal law system with the current conditions of Indonesian society. This new Criminal Code introduces several significant changes, including the regulation of cybercrime, protection of the environment, the reinforcement of humanitarian values, and the strengthening of the principle of limiting criminal sanctions on individual liberty in order to ensure the protection of human rights. This paper aims to analyze the direction and substance of the Criminal Code reform, evaluate its potential implementation, and assess the implications of these changes for criminal law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method employed is a literature review using a normative approach, conducted through the analysis of statutory regulations, criminal law theories, and relevant case studies. The results of the analysis indicate that the new Criminal Code provides a more adaptive and responsive legal framework to contemporary issues; however, the effectiveness of its implementation largely depends on the readiness of law enforcement authorities, the intensity of regulatory socialization, and the level of public legal awareness. This study concludes that criminal law reform represents a strategic step toward realizing a criminal justice system that is more just, effective, and aligned with the values of Pancasila.

This study, entitled "Analysis of the Application of Sharia Economic Principles in Nuris Medika Fund Management," aims to analyze the extent to which Sharia economic principles are applied in the fund management system at the Nuris Medika healthcare institution. Sharia economic principles emphasize justice, transparency, mutual assistance (ta'awun), and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (gharar), and maysir (gambling). This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation of managers and related parties at Nuris Medika. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results indicate that fund management at Nuris Medika largely adheres to Islamic economic principles, particularly in terms of transparency in fund use, social responsibility, and the implementation of an interest-free system in internal financial transactions. However, several aspects still need to be strengthened, such as the development of more systematic Sharia-based standard operating procedures (SOPs) and increasing Sharia economic literacy among all institution managers. Overall, the implementation of Islamic economic principles at Nuris Medika can be categorized as good and has the potential to become a model for financial management in Islamic boarding school-based healthcare institutions based on Islamic values.

This study aims to describe the social values ​​contained in the novel Warung Bujang by Jessica Carmelia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociology of literature approach. The research data are in the form of words, sentences, dialogues, and paragraphs containing social values ​​in the novel. The main data source is the novel Warung Bujang by Jessica Carmelia, published in 2023. Data collection techniques were carried out through thorough reading, recording, and classifying data relevant to the research focus. Data analysis techniques were carried out by identifying, describing, interpreting, and concluding social values ​​based on Zubaedi's theory. The results of the study show that the novel Warung Bujang contains various social values, namely the values ​​of family, loyalty, mutual assistance, cooperation, caring, responsibility, justice, tolerance, and empathy. These values ​​are reflected through the behavior of the characters, conflicts, and social interactions that depict community life realistically. Thus, the novel Warung Bujang functions not only as a work of entertainment literature, but also as a means of learning social values ​​relevant to community life.

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code introduces the criminalization of cohabitation under Article 412, sparking public debate regarding state intervention in private spheres. This research aims to analyze the challenges faced by law enforcement in implementing cohabitation regulations within Indonesia’s pluralistic society. Utilizing a normative judicial research method with statute and conceptual approaches, this study examines secondary legal data including the New Criminal Code and various legal doctrines. The findings indicate that while Article 412 is designed as an absolute complaint-based offense to balance institutional marriage protection with individual privacy, its implementation faces substantial sociological hurdles. These challenges include potential conflicts with living law such as customary and religious norms, risks of over-criminalization, and the threat of social vigilantism due to public misinterpretation. This research implies that law enforcement must prioritize restorative justice and intensive socialization to prevent human rights violations and maintain social harmony in a diverse cultural landscape.