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Thomas Aquinas was a major figure in the Era of Scholasticism in the Middle Ages, who was very influential and famous for driving the Western world's resistance to Augustine and Plato's teachings on Eastern mysticism that are still preserved. According to Thomas Aquinas, faith and reason are processes in Christian philosophy. However, please note that this is not possible due to a limitation of reason. Although reason does not transcend mystery, reason can facilitate the understanding of the mystery of God, whereas faith is an intermediary to bridge man's mind with God. Although mystery can overcome the intellect, the two are complementary understandings. Thus, Thomas concludes that two kinds of knowledge do not contradict each other, but that stand side by side, namely natural knowledge, which is based on rare intellect and has things of a general human nature as its object, and the knowledge of faith, which is based on revelation and has divine truth, which is in the scriptures, as its object. Thomas himself provided 5 proofs that God is always there.

This study aims to examine the effect of village apparatus capacity on accountability in village fund management, with the village financial system (SISKEUDES) as an intervening variable in Letti District, Southwest Maluku Regency. The research assessed whether the competence, knowledge, and administrative ability of village officials can improve transparent and accountable fund management. This study employed a quantitative approach using a saturated sampling technique, involving all 42 apparatus members as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression and the Sobel test to examine direct and indirect effects. The findings show that village apparatus capacity has a positive effect on village fund management accountability. This indicates that human resource capacity can support responsible planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation of village funds. However, the village financial system does not significantly affect village fund management accountability. In addition, SISKEUDES does not function as an intervening variable in the relationship between village apparatus capacity and accountability. These results imply that strengthening human resource capacity remains more decisive than system use.

This community service program aims to strengthen the strategic role of Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) as a center for family health education through the innovation of its educational functions. Previously, Posyandu operations in the community tended to be limited to routine basic health services, such as weight monitoring and nutritional status recording, while the crucial aspect of health education remained suboptimal. This limitation has contributed to a lack of public understanding regarding healthy lifestyles and the prevention of chronic diseases or stunting. The methods implemented in this program included problem identification through observation, health socialization and education, specialized training for Posyandu cadres to enhance their communication capacity, and direct mentoring during activity implementation. The results demonstrated a significant increase in family knowledge regarding balanced nutrition and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). Furthermore, Posyandu cadres became more active and skilled in delivering health information communicatively to the community. This program demonstrates that by strengthening its educational function, Posyandu can transform into an effective and sustainable family health learning center, significantly impacting the improvement of community health standards at the frontline level.

This study explores how the integrated Resource-Based View (iRBV) and Dynamic Capabilities (DC) explain the early stage of SME internationalization in Indonesia. An exploratory single-case study design is employed on a koi-breeding SME that has engaged in export activities, using a Likert-scale questionnaire to identify VRIN resources, dynamic capabilities, export performance, and internationalization barriers. The findings indicate that the SME possesses relatively strong export market knowledge, network competence, and quality reputation, but remains weak in global certifications, administrative support, and logistical capacity. From a DC perspective, sensing and seizing capabilities are already developed, whereas transforming capability is still limited in terms of reconfiguring the business model, strengthening human resources, and institutionalizing export routines. Overall, the results underscore that the success of SME internationalization is determined not only by the ownership of internal resources, but also by the firm’s ability to reconfigure those resources in the presence of environmental and institutional constraint.

Bullying and child harassment in the school environment are serious problems that can negatively affect students’ mental health, self-confidence, and academic achievement. Therefore, preventive efforts are needed through educational activities to increase students’ knowledge and awareness about the dangers of Bullying and child harassment. This activity aims to improve students’ understanding of Bullying and child harassment prevention through the Community Service Program (KKN) at SMAN 1 Koto Kampar Hulu. The method used was a descriptive quantitative approach with a one group pre-test post-test design involving 54 students as participants. The instrument used was a questionnaire administered before and after the educational session. The educational materials included the definition, types, impacts, and prevention efforts related to Bullying and child harassment in the school environment. The results showed an increase in students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the importance of preventing Bullying and child harassment in schools. Therefore, educational programs conducted through the KKN activity can be one of the efforts to create a safe and Bullying-free school environment.

This study aims to enhance knowledge, foster a sense of patriotism, and strengthen the national identity of Indonesian children living abroad through an educational program introducing Indonesian islands and culture. Children living in foreign environments tend to interact more frequently with foreign cultures, potentially leading to a lack of familiarity with their own national culture. Therefore, this activity was designed as a fun and easily understandable learning experience to ensure children remain connected to their roots. The method used was qualitative descriptive research employing direct observation of 30–40 participants over a two-week period. The program was implemented in several stages: orientation, presentation of materials, video screenings, drawing and coloring activities, and traditional games. The results showed that participants demonstrated increased knowledge of the names of major islands in Indonesia as well as various regional cultures, such as traditional attire, dances, and folk songs. Additionally, the program successfully fostered a sense of pride, boosted self-confidence, and strengthened camaraderie among participants. The children appeared enthusiastic and active in every activity provided. Thus, this educational program proved effective as a means to introduce Indonesian culture while strengthening the national identity of Indonesian children abroad through engaging and enjoyable learning methods.

This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of the community, particularly women in the Family Welfare Movement (PKK), in sweet corn cultivation as an effort to optimize the use of yard land and strengthen household food security. The activity was conducted in Tanah Merah Village, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency, using a participatory approach. The methods used included outreach, technical cultivation training, interactive discussions, and ongoing mentoring. The material provided covered selecting superior seeds, planting techniques, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting and post-harvest stages. The results of the activity demonstrated an increase in participants' understanding and skills in applying proper sweet corn cultivation techniques. Furthermore, there was a shift in community attitudes, leading to greater awareness of the importance of productive and sustainable yard land use. This activity also encouraged the emergence of small-scale, home-based agricultural initiatives with the potential to increase family income. Thus, this program not only contributes to community capacity building but also supports food independence and sustainable economic well-being at the local level.

This community service program aims to empower students. The lack of digital business literacy and knowledge about Islamic entrepreneurship in Islamic-based schools, as well as the application of sharia business principles, are the main drivers of this program. The activity implementation technique uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology. Problem identification, needs analysis, preparation of materials and instruments, pre-testing, training in Islamic business ethics and entrepreneurship theory, digital business practices, mentoring, post-testing, and program evaluation are some of the steps included in the activity. A total of 60 12th-grade students and ten instructors participated in this activity. The results showed that students' knowledge of sharia-based digital business, digital marketing skills, and entrepreneurial drive all increased. Student interest in starting a business increased by 78%, and participants' understanding of digital literacy increased by 85%. Furthermore, the program successfully instilled the ideals of Islamic entrepreneurship, such as accountability, honesty, and trustworthiness, as well as the prohibition of usury in digital business operations. In addition to encouraging the development of an Islamic digital business community within the educational environment, this community service program helps students develop personalities with noble morals, creativity, and adaptability.

Taxes are a primary source of state revenue and play a crucial role in supporting national development. However, increasing tax revenue still faces several challenges, particularly the lack of public awareness in fulfilling tax obligations. This study aims to examine the role of public awareness in improving taxpayer compliance and its impact on state revenue. The approach used in this research is qualitative, reviewing literature from various previous studies. Research findings indicate that tax awareness, understanding, and knowledge have a positive impact on taxpayer compliance. Other economic factors such as inflation, population, and economic growth also play a role in influencing tax revenue. However, external factors such as socialization and tax sanctions show inconsistent results. Consequently, increasing public awareness through tax education is a key strategy for sustainably improving the country's performance. In addition, transparent tax management and effective government communication are important factors in strengthening public trust and encouraging voluntary taxpayer compliance. Therefore, collaboration between the government and society is needed to create a sustainable and effective taxation system that supports national economic growth.

This study analyzes the evolution of indigenous knowledge within the context of Islamic da'wah in South Sulawesi, focusing on social and cultural dimensions. This research is predicated on the premise that Islamic da'wah in South Sulawesi evolves within a social framework influenced by persistent local cultural values and traditions. In this context, local wisdom serves as both a cultural identity and a strategic vehicle for disseminating Islamic doctrines. This research seeks to examine the transformation of local wisdom within Islamic da'wah methods and to discern its social and cultural ramifications. The study utilized a qualitative methodology using a descriptive-analytical framework. Data were gathered by library research, observation, and comprehensive interviews with religious leaders, traditional leaders, and community people engaged in culturally oriented da'wah activities. The results indicate that the evolution of local wisdom transpires through the adaptation, accommodation, and reinterpretation of indigenous cultural values within the context of Islamic teachings. This method makes da'wah more acceptable to society, enhances social integration, protects local cultural identity, and encourages a moderate, inclusive, and contextual type of religiosity.

Stunting is a public health problem characterized by impaired growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition, recurrent infections, and suboptimal parenting. The problem of stunting is still a concern in various regions, including Darma Village, Polewali District, Polewali Mandar Regency which requires family-based interventions through promotive and preventive approaches. Lack of family health literacy, suboptimal use of digital information, and low monitoring of children's growth and development are factors that can affect stunting prevention efforts. This community service activity aims to increase digital health literacy and family promotive-preventive behavior in stunting prevention through the Keluarga Darma CERDAS program. The method of implementing activities uses a participatory health promotion approach through family education, discussions, demonstrations of healthy menus based on local food, delivery of ABCDE messages to prevent stunting, the use of simple digital media such as WhatsApp and digital posters, and family assistance. The target of the activity was 20 families at risk of stunting in Darma Village, Polewali District, Polewali Mandar Regency. This activity is expected to increase family knowledge about stunting prevention, improve the family's ability to access correct health information, strengthen the role of the family in monitoring child growth and development, and form a family digital education group as a medium for continuous mentoring. The output of activities is in the form of increasing family health literacy, Darma Cerdas Sehat education modules, digital health promotion media, and family empowerment models in an effort to accelerate community-based stunting prevention.

Islamic education management in the contemporary era is no longer adequate if understood solely as an administrative activity, but must be built on a solid philosophical, ethical, and spiritual foundation. This article aims to analyze the concept of Islamic education management from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and examine the relevance of its implementation for contemporary Islamic education management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research type. Data were obtained from the primary works of both figures and various relevant secondary sources, then analyzed through a comparative-conceptual approach with qualitative content analysis techniques and hermeneutic reading. The results show that Al-Ghazali emphasizes the ethical-spiritual dimension of education through the integration of knowledge, charity, morals, and purification of the soul, while al-Attas emphasizes the epistemological-philosophical dimension through the concepts of ta'dib, adab, and the Islamic worldview. Both have a common ground in the view that Islamic education must be directed at the formation of knowledgeable, civilized, and moral human beings, and should not be reduced to a technical process with neutral value. In terms of implementation, this study synthesizes the thoughts of both figures relevant to strengthening education, leadership, curriculum and learning management, institutional culture formation, and holistic educational evaluation. Therefore, Islamic educational management is ideally built on a foundation of ethical-spiritual and epistemological-philosophical integration to ensure effective, valuable, and transcendental-oriented educational governance.

This community service program aimed to improve household welfare, nutritional literacy, and stunting prevention awareness through halal seafood processing training for housewives in North Semarang District, Semarang City, Indonesia. The program involved 42 participants and was implemented using a participatory approach combined with experiential learning methods, integrating theoretical sessions, practical food processing training, nutrition counseling, and basic entrepreneurial education. Program effectiveness was evaluated through participant observation and post-activity semi-structured interviews. Success indicators were determined based on participant responses, with the target that at least 80% of participants reported increased knowledge and understanding of balanced nutrition, seafood utilization, and halal-thayyib food processing principles. Findings indicated that more than 80% of participants acknowledged improved understanding of B2SA nutrition concepts, seafood-based food processing techniques, and opportunities for small-scale household entrepreneurship. Participants also demonstrated high engagement during practical sessions and expressed interest in developing value-added seafood microenterprises. This program contributes an integrated community empowerment model combining nutrition education, women’s economic empowerment, Islamic dietary values, and local resource utilization, which may serve as a replicable strategy for urban communities facing nutritional and economic vulnerabilities

The rapid growth of digital financial technologies has transformed how individuals access and manage financial resources, yet disparities in financial literacy remain a critical issue. This study aims to systematically examine the transformation of financial literacy in the digital era by identifying its conceptual development, key dimensions, and future research directions. A qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed, following a structured process of article selection, screening, and synthesis from reputable academic databases. The findings reveal that financial literacy has evolved into a multidimensional construct encompassing financial knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and digital financial literacy. The study also highlights that technological advancement increases both opportunities and risks, requiring individuals to possess higher levels of cognitive and digital competence. Furthermore, the results indicate the need for more integrative frameworks and inclusive research across diverse contexts. This research contributes by offering a comprehensive conceptual mapping and identifying research gaps to guide future studies in the field of digital financial literacy.

Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, accompanied by physical and psychological maturity. Adolescent reproductive health includes risky sexual behaviors that may lead to unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of knowledge among female students regarding teenage pregnancy. Method: The research is descriptive in nature with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted on April 17, 2025. Sample: involving 87 respondents, all 11th-grade female students at SMAN 1 Abang selected using total sampling technique. Instrument: Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Most respondents have good knowledge about the concept of teenage pregnancy (56.3%), influencing factors (86.2%), the consequences of teenage pregnancy (80.5%), and prevention efforts (88.5%). Conclusion: Many respondents still do not understand the concept of teenage pregnancy.

Early marriage remains a social problem that impacts the education, health, and future of the younger generation. A lack of understanding among adolescents and the community about the risks of early marriage is a major contributing factor to this practice. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of students and young people regarding the negative impacts of early marriage and the importance of planning for a healthy and sustainable future. The activity took place on January 12 at MA Darul Rasyidin, Samangki Village, Simbang District, Maros Regency. Methods used included outreach, discussion, and an interactive approach that actively engaged participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the risks of early marriage from a health, educational, social, and legal perspective. This activity is expected to be a preventative measure to reduce the number of early marriages and encourage the formation of a younger generation that is better prepared for the future.

Indonesia ranks 36th among countries most prone to natural disasters, with 216 earthquakes recorded by BNPB between 2009 and 2019. Aceh is one of the high-risk regions, having experienced major disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and the 2004 tsunami. These conditions highlight the importance of knowledge of basic life support (BLS), which is essential for managing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, and airway obstruction in emergency situations. This study aimed to determine the level of basic life support knowledge among health workers at the North Lhoksukon Health Center, Aceh. A descriptive observational method with a survey approach was used to provide a general overview of respondents’ characteristics. The study applied univariate analysis and involved a total sample of 139 health workers. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge (116 people; 83.5%), followed by sufficient knowledge (13 people; 9.4%) and poor knowledge (10 people; 7.2%). These findings indicate that while the majority of health workers demonstrate good understanding, there is still a need for improvement among those in the sufficient and poor categories. Therefore, it is recommended that institutions provide regular BLS training to maintain and enhance the knowledge of health workers.

Islamic education in this era of disruption faces a double challenge: the demand for complex professional competencies and the moral degradation of students. Law No. 14 of 2005 has established four pillars of teacher competency, but this framework is often interpreted administratively and has not touched on the deeper ethical-spiritual foundations. This study aims to revitalize the concept of teacher competency by synthesizing the values of adab mu'allim from the book At-Tibyan by Imam An-Nawawi into modern teacher competency standards. This study uses a qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected through documentation of classical texts and indexed journal articles (2015-2025), then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results show a strong overlap between the values of At-Tibyan and the Teacher and Lecturer Law. Personal Competence is strengthened by sincerity and muraqabah; Social Competence is deepened by rifq (gentleness); and Professional Competence is perfected by the concepts of itqan (validation of the chain of transmission of knowledge) and hirshu (fighting spirit). This integration offers a “Complete Teacher” paradigm who is not only technically professional but also has spiritual authority in shaping students' character in the digital age.

Waste management is a major challenge in environmental conservation in Indonesia. One innovative approach that can be implemented is the use of informative waste signs as a visual educational medium for the public. Waste signs are information boards placed in strategic locations to provide knowledge about the types of waste, their environmental impacts, and the decomposition time of various materials. The Community Service Program (KKN) of Padang State University (UNP) has implemented this concept by creating educational boards containing information on waste decomposition time, ranging from waste that decomposes in 50–100 years to waste that does not decompose at all. This article aims to examine the concept, benefits, and effectiveness of waste signs as a community-based environmental education instrument. The methods used include field observation and a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that waste signs can increase public awareness of the importance of proper waste management. Thus, this medium has the potential to be a simple yet effective educational tool in supporting sustainable environmentally friendly behavior.

Counseling etymologically derives from the noun counsel, which originates from the Latin consilium, rooted in consilere, meaning “to consult,” or to seek the views and advice of others as guidance for consideration and decision-making. As a verb, to counsel or counseling refers to the act of providing advice, guidance, warnings, encouragement, and instruction aimed at fostering self-surrender in addressing problems and managing negative behaviors among students. Educational guidance and counseling aim to strengthen Christian students to live victoriously in the Lord Jesus Christ by bringing them to an understanding of the light of God’s Word and the acceptance of themselves as God’s grace. This Classroom Action Research was conducted to address and resolve the problems of Christian students based on the research formulation, particularly through the application of intellectual, moral, and social approaches as strategic steps to enhance educational counseling services. The study employed a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and field notes. Data analysis was carried out by categorizing findings to generate emerging themes. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with three teacher participants and two student participants. The findings revealed that several students required special attention due to tendencies toward delinquent behavior, while one case indicated a student’s involvement in narcotics. These findings demonstrate that student-related issues require special intervention efforts to improve their spiritual and mental well-being, leading them to a deeper knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ as their personal Savior. The ultimate goal is the salvation of students’ souls and the glorification of the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.