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Dental and oral health problems are still a major challenge for early childhood, especially due to the lack of knowledge and skills in brushing teeth properly. This study aims to determine the effect of the snakes and ladders game as an educational method in improving the knowledge and skills of brushing teeth of early childhood at Ar-Rahimah Kindergarten, Jambi City. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 40 Ar-Rahimah Kindergarten students. The research instruments were knowledge questionnaires and skill observation sheets. The intervention given was a snakes and ladders game that had been modified with educational content related to dental health, accompanied by a demonstration using a tooth phantom. Analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed that there was a significant effect between before and after treatment on knowledge (p = 0.000) and skills (p = 0.000). The conclusion of this study is that the snakes and ladders game media can improve the knowledge and skills of brushing teeth of early childhood. It is recommended that the use of snakes and ladders game media can be used as an innovative approach in children's dental health education.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is still seen as a major problem. One of the efforts made to increase the hemoglobin level of pregnant women by consuming green beans. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of green bean juice administration on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design of one group pre and post test. The sample was taken with purposive sampling technique totaling 44 pregnant women. Data collection with observation sheet instrument to record hemoglobin levels of pregnant women before and after giving green bean juice. The collected data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test to determine the difference in hemoglobin levels of pregnant women before and after giving green bean juice. Results: Obtained ? = 0.000 means ? < 0.05 means there is a significant effect of mung bean juice on Hb levels of pregnant women with an average increase of 1.5 g/dL. Conclusion: Consuming mung bean juice regularly can increase Hb levels. It is expected that midwives can provide education to pregnant women about the benefits of mung bean juice, the health service should make policies related to the promotion of the benefits of mung bean juice in increasing the Hb of pregnant women to avoid the incidence of anemia.

Background: Women's choice of long-term contraceptive methods (LTCM) is influenced by factors such as counseling, knowledge, and healthcare access. Midwife visits play a key role in providing information and guidance on family planning, including LTCMs like implants, IUDs, and sterilization. Previous studies have shown that healthcare provider interaction enhances awareness and decision-making regarding contraception. However, many women still face barriers, including misinformation, fear of side effects, and cultural beliefs. Understanding how midwife visits shape contraceptive choices is essential for improving maternal and child health outcomes, reducing unintended pregnancies, and supporting family planning programs. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of midwife visits on women’s choice of LTCMs in the reproductive age group. Methods: A quantitative, observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted with 30 women who had received at least one midwife visit. Data were collected through structured interviews and family planning record reviews. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test examined the relationship between midwife visits and LTCM choices, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: All participants received midwife visits. 20 (90%) chose LTCMs, while 10 (10%) opted for short-term methods. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between midwife visits and LTCM choice (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Midwife visits significantly influence women’s choice of LTCMs, improving knowledge and decision-making. Strengthening midwife outreach can increase LTCM uptake and enhance family planning strategies.

his research aims to analyze the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on financial distress in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 pandemic. GCG is measured through the variables of Independent Commissioners, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee. The data is analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results of the research indicate that Independent Commissioners, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee have a significant effect on financial distress in SOEs during the research period. This suggests that the implementation of good GCG principles can help reduce the risk of financial distress in SOEs in Indonesia. or formula.

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals. Dietary adherence is one of the managements of gout. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of peer group therapy on the dietary adherence of gout sufferers in Mentor Village, Sumberasih District, Probolinggo Regency. This study uses a one-group pre-post test design (pre-experiment) research design. The total population was 36 respondents with gout, the sample studied was 33 respondents with gout using the Purposive Sampling technique, In accordance with the inclusion criteria willing to be a respondent, Permanent Resident of Mentor Village, Patients who have gout, Gout level value above seven point zero for men and Women more than six point zero Exclusion criteria Patients with comorbidities that interfere with the research (kidney, janttung, lung and so on), Patients do not participate in the entire activity or resign.Peer group therapy was carried out four times in 14 days. Statistical Test for dietary adherence using the Wilcoxon Test. The results of the study Before peer group therap was coalited, the Gout Diet Compliance value was moderate,  24 respondents (72.7%),while the after tritmen value of goud diet compliance of  31 respondents (93.9%), The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test,obtained p value = 0.000. This shows that Peer Group therapy affects dietary adherence of gout patients. Peer Group Therapy is a program that can be applied to gout patients who have low dietary adherence. Nurses are expected to be able to use Peer Group Therapy as a health promotion program. 

Menarche is the first menstruation which usually occurs between the ages of 10-16 years. The arrival of the first menstruation makes teenagers feel unprepared and unable to face menarche due to a lack of knowledge and practice during menstruation. So in this case health education using the LAICEF method is needed. This research aims to determine the effect of health education using the LAICEF method on the readiness and ability to face menarche in grade 5 and 6 female students at Wangkal II Elementary School. This research is a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test approach. The population was 25 female respondents from Wangkal II Elementary School, the 25 samples studied were taken using Total Sampling. The instrument used questionnaire through a process of editing, coding, scoring and tabulating. The data obtained from this research was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test. The results of this research showed readiness and ability to face menarche during pre-post. The majority of respondents showing readiness results in the pretest were in the poor category, as many as 14 respondents (56%). In the post test data, the majority in the sufficient category were 12 respondents (48%). Meanwhile, the majority of abilities in the pretest were in the poor category, 17 respondents (68%). The majority of post test data were in the sufficient category, 16 respondents (64%). The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p value: 0.000 <0.05. This shows that there is an influence of health education using the PAIKEM method on the readiness and ability to face menarche in grade 5 and 6 female students at Wangkal II Public Elementary School. Health education using the LAICEF method can develop female students' innovation and creativity so that providing education on readiness and ability to face menarche can be effective and enjoyable for female students, and female students are not burdened by ongoing learning.

Clean and Healthy Living behavior in schools is a set of behaviors that are practiced in the school environment, so that it is independently able to prevent disease, improve health, and play an active role in creating a healthy environment . Health education is clean and healthy living behavior using audio-visual and demonstration methods. This study aims to determine the effect of health education using audio visual and demonstration methods on the skills of clean and healthy behavior in elementary school students 5 besuki. This research method uses quasi experimental approach with two-group pre test and post test design. The population of all students aged 6-12 SDN 5 besuki as many as 95 students SDN 5 besuki, sampling techniques used purposive sampling with a sample of 77 respondents. The instruments used are PHBS, SOP, and module videos. The Data obtained from the study were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test and mann whitney Test. The results showed that the health education group using audio visual pre-test method amounted to 88.5 post-test 30.8 in the health education group using pre-test demonstration method amounted to 89.6 post-test 31.2. Wilcoxon test results in obtaining a p-value of 0.000 in the audio-visual and demonstration groups. Mann-whitneyy test results in getting the difference score from the difference between the two groups in getting the value of p-value 0.129 with an average value in the Audio-visual group of 35.42 and 42.49 demonstration group. It is expected that respondents who have not behaved in a clean and healthy life can apply health education using effective demonstration methods because the demonstration method is practiced directly by researchers and respondents so that it can be done independently.

Hospitalization is a disruptive experience for children that can also induce anxiety. Generally, the reactions of children undergoing inpatient care are anxiety, crying, and restlessness. Play therapy can help distract children from pain and provide relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of squishy toy play therapy on reducing anxiety in preschool-aged children (3-6 years old) undergoing hospitalization. This study employs a Pre-Experimental method with a One Group Pre-Post Test Design. The population for this research is 200 children each month. The sample consists of 80 respondents who are preschool-aged (3-6 years old) and have been admitted to Rizani Paiton Probolinggo Hospital. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. Data management involves processes such as Editing, Coding, Scoring, and Tabulating, and the data are analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.Top of FormBottom of Form The results of this study show that the average anxiety score before the squishy toy play therapy was 2.54. The average anxiety score after the therapy was 1.56. The analysis using the Wilcoxon test indicates that there is an effect of squishy toy play therapy on reducing anxiety in preschool-aged children (3-6 years old) undergoing hospitalization, with a p-value of 0.000. Squishy play therapy is carried out twice a day for three consecutive days, squishy play therapy is suitable for preschool children because this therapy is easy to do, does not require a lot of facilities and takes a short time. Suggestions for further researchers observe parents and closest people as one of the factors that influence the effectiveness of squishy play therapy.

Tuberculosis is a disease infection caused by Micobacterium Tuberculosisis disease with high level morbiditiy and very easy spread throug the droplet carried by air. Disease this could attack all age which children nor mature. There were 845.000 TB case in Indonesia in March 2021 and Lhokseumawe accounted for 10% of the number of cases in the province Aceh. Study this arm for analyze parental knowledge child TB patient before and after education at Cut Meutia Hospital Aceh Utara. This reasearch is Quasi Experimental reasearch type One-Group Pretest Posttest to 20 respondents who are parents from child TB patients. The sample is taken using accidental sampling. Measurement were carried out using a questionnaire containing the children`s TB knowledge. The results of this study indicate that majority of respondents before beiong given education had a sufficient level of knowledge as much as 80% and increased to good as much as 90% after being education. Data analysis using Wilcoxon test. The results of statistical analysis show p value < 0.05. the conclusion of this study is there is differences in the level of knowledge of parents before and after being given education about TB in children at Cut Meutia Hospital.

Self-awareness is a state of awareness in evaluating oneself so that one is able to control oneself. Personal Hygiene ability  is an effort to maintain cleanliness and prevent disease to improve health status. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of peer group education on self-awareness and personal hygiene ability during menstruation. One group Pre-post design with questionnaires makes up the research methodology. . Saturated sampling, with inclusion and exclusion criteria, utilized to collect data from 42 respondents from all pupils. The results of this study obtained self-awareness and personal hygiene ability at the time of pre-post.  The pretest self Awareness result fot the majority of the less category, which included 36 respondents (83.3%). The majority of the medium category in the post test data consisted of 29 respondent (69.0%). Meanwhile, the majority of personal hygiene ability in the pretest category was sufficient as many as 28 respondents (66.7%). The majority of post-test data were in sufficient category as many as 34 respondents (81.0%). Wilcoxon test results obtained p-value : 0.000 and it can be concluded that there is  Effect of Peer Group Education on Self Awareness and Personal Hygiene ability during Menstruation on Adoloscent at The Sabilul Hasan Islamic Boarding School Probolinggo.  

Low back pain is still a trigger for health problems that interfere with activities. If not treated properly, it can reduce lumbar mobility so that there is limited movement. There are several treatment strategies for low back pain, namely pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Non-pharmacology therapy that can be done is cupping therapy. The cupping therapy that is carried out is Al Warik point cupping therapy. This study aims to determine the effect of Al Warik point cupping on reducing the pain scale in low back pain sufferers at the Probolinggo holistic nursing therapy clinic. The type of research used a pre-experiment with a one group pre-post test design. The population was 38 low back pain sufferers at the Probolinggo holistic nursing therapy clinic, the sample determination used the accidental sampling technique that met the criteria of 34 respondents. The instrument used the cupping therapy module, data management with the editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating processes. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicated that the average pain scale value that occurred before cupping therapy at the Al Warik point was 7.00, standard deviation 1.073, and the average pain scale value after cupping therapy at the Al Warik point was 4.74, standard deviation 1.024, the analysis test using the Wilcoxon test showed a decrease in the Low Back Pain Pain Scale at the Holistic Nursing Therapy Clinic in Probolinggo (ρ = 0.000 <α = 0.005). Cupping therapy can be a traditional alternative treatment that can be done routinely for the healing process of low back pain by performing cupping therapy at the Al Warik point.

Pregnancy lasts from ovulation to parturition for approximately 280 days (40 weeks) and no more than 300 days (approximately 43 weeks). In the first trimester of pregnancy, most women experience discomfort due to anatomical and physiological changes, such as nausea, vomiting, cravings, fainting, changes in the skin and breasts, anorexia, and increased frequency of urination. When entering the third trimester, many pregnant women begin to experience anxiety before giving birth. This study aims to determine the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester in facing childbirth. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The sampling technique used is total sampling, and data analysis is carried out using the Wilcoxon test, a non-parametric test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of peppermint aromatherapy in reducing the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester before giving birth, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Peppermint aromatherapy has been shown to be effective as a non-pharmacological intervention.

Degenerative diseases are a global health problem with increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia. This disease can cause serious complications in vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, and brain. Therefore, preventive efforts are needed through education and nutritional innovation. This community service program aims to provide education on molecular examinations for degenerative diseases and introduce the Watermelon Lemonade innovation as preventive nutrition. The activity was carried out in Dukuh Branglor, Mancasan Village, with the pre-test method, educational presentation, Q&A, product demonstration, and post-test. The results of the activity showed an increase in public knowledge about hypertension and its examination, as well as high enthusiasm for the Watermelon Lemonade innovation. Based on the results of the activity, it can be seen that molecular examinations can be used to diagnose hypertension through analysis of genetic biomarkers, proteins, and metabolites, and the Watermelon Lemonade innovation has the potential to help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The success of this program was shown by an increase in the average pre-test score of 58.46 to 86.67 in the post-test. The Wilcoxon test showed (p < 0.001), indicating a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results and proving an increase in participant understanding. The questionnaire results showed a high level of satisfaction from participants with the delivery of materials, product manufacturing demonstrations, and practical benefits that can be applied in everyday life. The Watermelon Lemonade innovation is not only useful as an alternative to preventing hypertension, but also has the potential to be further developed as a health product based on natural ingredients.

The development of preschool children is crucial to monitor, as they are vulnerable to developmental deviations if not provided with proper stimulation. One essential aspect of development is gross motor skills, which involve movements of the whole body, particularly core muscle activities such as the arms and legs. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of penguin exercise and kids yoga on the development of children's gross motor skills. The research design used was a pre-experimental design with a two-group pre-post test model. The population consisted of 66 students from RA Masyithoh V in Probolinggo City, with 40 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data collection included editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating. The instruments used were KPSP Observation Sheets, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and activity modules. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed significant differences in children's gross motor development before and after the implementation of penguin exercise and kids yoga, with a p-value = 0.000 (ρ < α = 0.005). The Z-value for pre-post penguin exercise was -4.379, while for pre-post kids yoga it was -4.134. These results indicate that penguin exercise is more effective in improving gross motor development in children. Movements in penguin exercise, such as opening wings, turning heads, flapping arms, and stomping, help stimulate various muscle groups. Meanwhile, kids yoga, when practiced regularly and with discipline from an early age, also positively contributes to the enhancement of gross motor skills in young children.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease in the form of a metabolic disorder characterized by blood sugar levels that exceed normal limits. Diabetes Mellitus is known as a silent killer because it is often not realized by the sufferer and when it is known, complications have occurred. The method used in this research is the Quasy Experiment method using a pre-test and post-test approach with control group design. The population in this study was 40 respondents and the sample in this study was 20 respondents who were taken by purposive sampling. And analyzed Univariate and Bivariate using the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests to determine the differences between the two groups on the effect of acupressure therapy. The results showed that the effect of acupressure therapy on reducing blood sugar levels was p-value = 0.005 <0.05 it can be concluded that there is an effect of acupressure therapy on reducing blood sugar levels in Type II DM patients at the Poliklinik Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan. It is suggested that the results of this study are expected to be information for diabetes mellitus patients to independently carry out acupressure therapy and for the Indonesian Imelda Workers Hospital to include elements of acupressure therapy as study material in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: Adequate knowledge about postpartum contraception is essential for postpartum women to prevent unintended pregnancies and maintain reproductive health. However, many postpartum women still have limited knowledge, which can lead to inappropriate contraceptive choices. Visual media is considered an effective educational tool because it can present complex information in a clear and engaging way. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of visual media on improving postpartum contraception knowledge among mothers at the Soasio Community Health Center. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach was used. The sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire on contraceptive knowledge. The intervention involved health education using visual media such as videos, posters, and infographics. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to assess differences before and after the intervention. Results: Before the intervention, most respondents had poor to moderate knowledge, with only a small proportion demonstrating good understanding. After receiving education through visual media, there was a clear improvement, with the majority of respondents achieving good knowledge levels. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Visual media effectively improves postpartum contraception knowledge and can be applied in primary healthcare settings to enhance reproductive health literacy.

Background: Leg oedema is a common condition experienced by pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester, due to physiological changes such as increased blood volume and pressure on the lower extremities. This condition can cause discomfort, reduce mobility, and affect the quality of life of pregnant women. Pregnancy exercises are recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve circulation, reduce fluid accumulation in the legs, and prevent or minimize oedema. Despite these recommendations, many pregnant women do not perform exercises regularly, and limited evidence is available regarding the effectiveness of structured pregnancy exercise programs in reducing leg oedema. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between the implementation of pregnancy exercises and the reduction of leg oedema in pregnant women in the third trimester at the Margasari Community Health Center. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women in their third trimester experiencing leg oedema, selected using purposive sampling. The participants were guided to perform structured pregnancy exercises over a designated period, and the degree of leg oedema was assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine the effect of pregnancy exercises on leg oedema. Results: The Wilcoxon test indicated a statistically significant reduction in leg oedema following the implementation of pregnancy exercises, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This demonstrates that the intervention was effective in reducing fluid accumulation in the legs of pregnant women. Conclusion: Pregnancy exercises are effective in reducing leg oedema in women during the third trimester. Regular implementation of these exercises can improve maternal comfort, mobility, and overall quality of life

and well-being of pregnant women. This study aims to examine the effect of the Rebozo technique in reducing lower abdominal pain in third-trimester pregnant women. A total of 65 third-trimester pregnant women at UPT Puskesmas Rum Balibunga participated in the study. The results show a significant reduction in pain levels after applying the Rebozo technique, with all participants reporting negative ranks (pain reduction). The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test yielded a Z = -8.062 and p-value = 0.000, indicating that the reduction in pain after applying the Rebozo technique was statistically significant. This pain reduction can be attributed to the relaxation effect provided by the Rebozo technique, which helps relieve muscle tension and provide physical support to the pregnant woman's body. The study suggests that the Rebozo technique can be an effective non-pharmacological alternative for reducing pain in pregnant women, especially in the third trimester.

Background: Vaginal discharge is a common health problem experienced by women of childbearing age, often causing discomfort, irritation, and decreased quality of life. Traditional herbal remedies, such as boiled betel leaves and turmeric, are widely used in Indonesia due to their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which are believed to help reduce the duration and severity of vaginal discharge. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving boiled betel leaves and turmeric in reducing the duration of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 women of childbearing age experiencing vaginal discharge, selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the duration of vaginal discharge before and after the intervention. Results: The Wilcoxon test showed a significant reduction in the duration of vaginal discharge after administering boiled betel leaves and turmeric, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the intervention was effective. Conclusion: Giving boiled betel leaves and turmeric effectively reduces the duration of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. This intervention can be considered as a simple, affordable, and natural alternative for managing vaginal discharge.

Breast milk (BM) is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns up to six months old, providing essential antibodies, complete nutrition, and easier digestion compared to formula milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, and efforts to support lactation include consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. This study aimed to examine the effect of papaya and watermelon consumption on breast milk expression in nursing mothers. The research utilized a true experimental design with a two-group post-test approach, conducted over five consecutive days. The intervention involved consuming 400 grams of cut papaya and 300 grams of watermelon daily. The study population consisted of postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months, and the sampling technique used was probability sampling, resulting in a total of 42 respondents. Participants were divided into two groups: 21 in the control group and 21 in the intervention group. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that papaya consumption significantly affected breast milk expression, with a p-value of 0.046 (<0.05), accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This result indicated that papaya intervention increased breast milk expression by 2,000 times. Similarly, the watermelon intervention showed a significant effect, with a p-value of 0.02 (<0.05), also leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The analysis suggested that watermelon consumption improved breast milk expression in nursing mothers by 3.162 times. These findings highlight the potential benefits of consuming papaya and watermelon in enhancing lactation, providing valuable insights for nursing mothers and healthcare professionals in supporting breastfeeding practices.