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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran koperatif tipe Think Talk Write  serta model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share  pada siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan T. A 2023/2024. Pada penelitian ini seluruh kelas XI dijadikan populasi, kemudian dipilih dua kelas acak yaitu kelas XI IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen I dan kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen II untuk dijadikan sampel. Kelas eksperimen I diberi perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran koperatif tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) dan kelas eksperimen II diberi perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS). Intrumen yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini berupa post-test berbentuk essay yang sudah divalidasi. Kelas  eksperimen I menghasilkan nilai rata-rata post-test sebesar 82,57 sedangkan kelas eksperimen II menghasilkan nilai rata-rata post-test  77,21. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa data post-test telah berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Setelah dilakukan uji hipotesis didapatkan   thitung (4,648)>ttabel (1,998). Oleh karena itu H0 ditolak sedangkan Ha diterima sehingga bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diajarkan  dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran koperatif tipe Think Talk Write  dengan siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share

Kegiatan bermain di sekolah memberikan dampak yang baik pada banyak aspek seperti kesehatan anak melalui aktivitas fisik, aspek kognitif yang membantu anak mengenal lingkungan sekitar, hingga pada aspek sosial melalui komunikasi antar anak dan tenaga pengajar. Elemen lingkungan outdoor sekolah dasar menyediakan ruang yang dapat digunakan anak untuk melakukan eksplorasi berbagai macam permainan, tetapi dengan layout yang dimiliki saat ini oleh sekolah dasar negeri masih terdapat limitasi khususnya pada penyediaan playground. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan ruang outdoor sekolah dasar sebagai ruang bermain anak pada jam istirahat. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Gondolayu, Yogyakarta melalui metode behavior mapping yang menghasilkan temuan yang menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan pemanfaatan ruang oleh anak laki-laki dan perempuan serta perbedaan aktivitas bermain oleh anak dalam kelompok usia kelas rendah (kelas 1-3) dengan kelompok usia yang lebih tua (kelas 4-6).

This study aims to understand the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) on mathematical representation in students using Geogebra and model discovery learning in X SMAS Tamansiswa Singosari. It uses quasi-experimental research with purposive sampling and control group design. The results show that all data is normal and homogeneous, with a  value of 4.71>2.03. The study also reveals that the overall learning process for experimental students is better than that of control students.

This research aims: (1) the mathematical communication abilities of students using the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model are higher than the mathematical communication abilities of students using conventional learning models in class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Medan, (2) the process of completing answers is created by students in solving problems in the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model and conventional learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 19 Medan. The sampling technique in this research used the Purposive Sampling technique, namely class VIII-5 as a class taught using the think-talk-write type cooperative learning model and class VIII-6 as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instruments were an observation sheet and a test sheet for students' mathematical communication skills in the form of 4 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used a t-Test with the Independent sample t-Test technique with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research showed that the average score for the class taught using the think-talk-write cooperative learning model was 80.1 and the class taught with a conventional learning model of 74.6. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test, from the calculation results it was obtained that tcount was 2.501 and ttable 1.67469, the significance level was 0.016<0.05, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that students' mathematical communication skills used the cooperative learning model type. think-talk-write is higher than students' mathematical communication skills using conventional learning models. Based on the analysis of the process of students' answers to the mathematical communication skills test, students who received think-talk-write cooperative learning were better than students who received conventional learning.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory-nervous response experience associated with tissue damage. Pain in children during invasive procedures that are not handled properly can make them uncooperative and refuse action, which can hinder the treatment process. Long-term effects that can arise if a child's pain is not reduced or treated are the psychological and physical stress suffered by the child, such as insomnia, depression, changes in appetite, and fatigue. Efforts to overcome pain during blood sampling procedures include audiovisual therapy and  cool  packs.  This  study  aims  to  analyze  the  differences  in  the  effectiveness  of audiovisual therapy and cool packs on pain levels during blood sampling procedures in preschool children.  This  research  is  quantitative  with  a  quasi-experimental two-group posttest  design.  The number  of samples  in this  study was 44  respondents,  who  were divided into two groups using the consecutive sampling technique. Based on the Mann- Whitney test, the results showed that there were differences in the effectiveness of audiovisual therapy  and  cool packs  on  pain  levels  in  blood  sampling  procedures  for preschool children, with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Audiovisual therapy and cool packs can  be  used  as  nursing  actions  to  reduce  pain  during  blood  sampling  procedures  in preschool children.

First of all, let's understand between Islamic education and non-Islamic education. The orientation of Islamic education is when the education system is based on the values, teachings and principles of the Islamic religion, while non-Islamic education refers to an education system that is not based on a particular religion. The problem that arises is when there is an imbalance between these two orientations. Some people argue that the orientation of Islamic education can ignore important aspects of non-Islamic education such as science, technology, arts and culture. On the other hand, there are those who argue that non-Islamic education can ignore the values ​​and religious principles that are important for the majority of Muslims.

In this research, the focus is on the analysis to distinguish the influence of consumer behavior on online purchases and offline purchases. It is known that currently there are many sites to conduct online transactions and allow consumers to rely on online purchases to meet their needs. The experience in online purchasing tends to have a greater impact on consumer purchasing decisions compared to offline purchasing experiences. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method by conducting a questionnaire to a large number of respondents with certain categories aimed at collecting consumer shopping data. This data can then be analyzed using statistical methods to determine whether there is a significant difference between online purchases and offline purchases.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh strategi ice breaking terhadap motivasi belajar bahasa Arab pada siswa kelas VII di MTs Darul Hikam Kota Cirebon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Racangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan desain Intact–Group Comparison. Dengan menggunakan desain eksperimental, penelitian ini mengungkapkan dampak signifikan dari strategi ice breaking terhadap motivasi siswa, sebagaimana terlihat dari hasil uji-t independent samples (Sig = 0,000). Penolakan hipotesis nol (H0) demi hipotesis alternatif (H1) menegaskan perbedaan substansial dalam motivasi antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Temuan ini menekankan peningkatan motivasi yang dipermudah oleh sifat menghibur dan merangsang dari pendekatan ice breaking sepanjang proses pembelajaran. Melampaui konteks langsung instruksi bahasa Arab, korelasi ini menunjukkan potensi strategi tersebut sebagai alat pedagogis yang dapat diterapkan lintas disiplin dan tingkat pendidikan. Implikasi dari penelitian kami melampaui konteks langsung pembelajaran bahasa Arab di MTs Darul Hikam. Korelasi positif antara strategi ice breaking dan motivasi siswa menunjukkan potensinya sebagai alat pedagogis yang dapat diterapkan secara luas. Pendidik lintas disiplin dan tingkat pendidikan dapat memanfaatkan temuan ini untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang lebih menarik dan memotivasi. Selain itu, penelitian ini mendorong penelitian masa depan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak yang rumit dari strategi ice breaking terhadap motivasi dalam konteks linguistik dan budaya yang berbeda, berkontribusi pada diskursus terkini mengenai praktik pembelajaran bahasa yang efektif.

This study aims to find out the differences contained in. German phonological system, Indonesian phonological system. This place of research is not tied to one place because the objects studied are in the form of text, namely Indonesian journals and German. This form of research is qualitative descriptive with content analysis method. The results of this study that Indonesian and German phonological differences are seen in the number of vowel and consonant phonemes. The Indonesian vocal system has five vowel phonemes. German has a relatively more diverse vowel variant than other languages, there are 15 vowels in total. The difference between Indonesian and German consonant phonemes lies in the phonemes /ɔ/ʊ/, /ɛ:/ and /ɛ/, /ø:/and also /œ/ which are not present in Indonesian. Differences in Indonesian and German phonology can make it difficult for Indonesian speakers to understand German, and vice versa.

This research aims to analyze efforts and strategies in establishing inter-church harmony in society during the current pandemic. The current pandemic creates new challenges in maintaining interfaith relations and strengthening tolerance in communities. In this context, churches from various denominations are faced with the need to increase collaboration and mutual understanding. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with church leaders and community members who are actively involved in efforts to establish harmony. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key patterns in practices that support inter-church harmony. This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of how churches can work together to create harmony in difficult times such as the current pandemic. The practical implications of this research can be a guide for church and community leaders in building harmonious relationships amidst the challenges they face together. The research results show that there are several key factors that support the success of efforts to establish church harmony today. Among these are regular inter-religious dialogue, joint social activities, and an inclusive approach in understanding differences in beliefs.

Pemberi Sewa yang mengalami kepailitan menimbulkan masalah serius bagi Penyewa, karena harta kekayaan, termasuk objek sewa, berada di bawah pengurusan dan pemberesan kurator setelah debitor pailit. Permasalahan utama adalah keabsahan Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa yang telah dibuat sebelum kepailitan. Mahkamah Agung memberikan putusan berbeda, di mana pada Nomor 658 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2014, Penyewa diizinkan memanfaatkan objek sewa hingga perjanjian berakhir, namun putusan terbalik terjadi pada Nomor 78 PK/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2015 yang menetapkan bahwa kurator memiliki kewenangan dalam pemberhentian dan perpanjangan perjanjian. Perlindungan hukum untuk Penyewa yang dirugikan perlu dipertimbangkan setelah Pemberi Sewa dinyatakan pailit. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan mengacu pada data sekunder, primer, dan tersier, serta pendekatan studi pustaka dan analisis kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji keabsahan perjanjian sewa-menyewa setelah kepailitan Pemberi Sewa, menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam penyelesaian sewa menyewa pasca-kepailitan, dan menilai perlindungan hukum bagi Penyewa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepailitan Pemberi Sewa mengakibatkan syarat subjektif perjanjian tidak terpenuhi, memungkinkan pembatalan perjanjian. Perbedaan putusan Mahkamah Agung menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, namun Perlindungan Hukum kepada Penyewa tetap ada berdasarkan Undang-Undang No 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU. Mereka diakui sebagai Kreditur Konkuren dengan hak pendaftaran tagihan dan keistimewaan tertentu, tanpa terikat jangka waktu pendaftaran tagihan secara umum.

Media merupakan tempat untuk seseorang menuangkan keluh-kesah serta menyampaikan sebuah pesan yang positif. Salah satunya menggunakan media seni drama tari dan musik. Melalui sebuah pementasan seseorang dapat menyuarakan makna apa yang ditampilkan di dalamnya sehingga dapat tersampaikan kepada Masyarakat. Dengan adanya pagelaran yang diadakan oleh mahasiswa, kita dapat melihat kebelakang bahwa ada sebuah Sejarah yang begitu indah. Dimana seorang Perempuan bisa memimpin untuk memperjuangkan tanah kelahirannya yang pada saat itu sedang dijajah. Hal seperti ini bisa dijadikan pacuan serta semangat juang para pemuda terutama untuk generasi sekarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif serta melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi maka data yang diperoleh adalah sendratasik Sayu Wiwit memiliki perbedaan dengan kesenian tari dan musik lainnya. Makna dan pemahaman dihasilkan dan dikomunikasikan dalam bentuk simbol yang menciptakan suatu identitas atau persepsi pagelaran sendratasik Sayu Wiwit.

Squid ink and seaweed have the potential to be utilized as medicines, one of which is as an antibacterial medicinal material. because it contains secondary metabolite compounds that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria. This type of research is a laboratory experiment with the method used, namely maceration for phytochemical screening tests and agar diffusion for antibacterial effectiveness tests with concentrations used in squid ink (Loligo sp) namely 5%, 10%, 15% 20% and in seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%. The results of the research conducted on phytochemical screening tests contained secondary metabolite compounds in squid ink (Loligo sp) triterpenoids, steroids and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) alkaloids, flavonoids, hodroquinone phenols, and tannins. From the research conducted on the antibacterial effectiveness test of squid ink (Loligo sp) and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extracts against Streptococcus mutans bacteria, namely in both samples have the effectiveness in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria, with a high inhibition of squid ink concentration of 20% by 20.5 mm, and in seaweed concentration of 15% by 23 mm. The analysis used is spss using two tests, namely the shapiro wilk test and the mann whitney test. The conclusion of the mann-whitney test results with a p-value = 0.663 indicates there is no significant difference between squid ink extract (Loligo sp) and seaweed extract (Eucheuma cottonii).

In facing the complexity of globalization, Indonesia as a country rich in cultural diversity and traditions faces challenges in maintaining its national identity. Cultural diplomacy is identified as a crucial instrument in enhancing national resilience through mutual understanding, respect for diversity, and strengthening national identity. This article discusses the diplomatic role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in managing cultural differences and describes how cultural diplomacy is a vital element in national defense, in accordance with Law Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense. The case study of cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea through the Hallyu phenomenon illustrates the impact of cultural diplomacy on the economy, politics and society. This research uses normative juridical research methods or also called library research. The data collection is done secondarily, involving primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, such as laws, books, journals, and related articles. The results show that in the midst of global cultural changes, cultural diplomacy is also faced with challenges, including multidimensional threats involving physical and non-physical aspects. Therefore, the integration of cultural diplomacy in national security policy is essential to maintain cultural diversity and national identity.

Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk menguraikan proses pembentukan verba dalam bahasa Arab dan bahasa Indonesia, menganalisis perbedaan antara keduanya, dan menjelaskan implikasi dari perbedaan tersebut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari sumber tertulis, baik yang terpublikasi dalam artikel, makalah, buku, maupun tulisan lain yang terkait dengan pembentukan kata kerja dalam bahasa Arab dan bahasa Indonesia, serta pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Metode pengumpulan data yang diterapkan mengacu pada pencatatan teknis. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis melalui pendekatan analisis kontrastif. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa pembentukan verba dalam bahasa Arab terjadi melalui modifikasi internal dan afiksasi, sementara dalam bahasa Indonesia, proses tersebut melibatkan afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan komposisi. Perbedaan yang paling mencolok antara keduanya adalah bahwa pembentukan verba dalam bahasa Arab selalu terkait dengan elemen waktu, kuantitas, dan jenis kelamin. Sementara itu, pembentukan verba dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan waktu dan jenis kelamin, sehingga konsep semantik terkait waktu, kuantitas, dan jenis kelamin diwakili secara leksikal oleh kata kerja yang menyertainya.

Currency is a symbol of a country's sovereignty, the Rupiah is currency as well as a legal means of payment for use in economic transactions in Indonesia. Learning to understand the difference between fake and real money and implementing how severe punishments for dealers and users of counterfeit money are carried out effectively will provide a positive change in the future for students. This socialization regarding disclosing the secret of the difference between real and fake money and preventing fake money fraud was highly appreciated regarding this socialization, especially teachers and students, but many students were still confused about differentiating between real and fake money. So that female students do not get caught up in fraud and the distribution of counterfeit money, this socialization hopes that female students from early ages to adults can avoid and be able to distinguish between real and fake money, understand the characteristics of the authenticity of money, and know the penalties related to the laws that apply to its use. and distribution of counterfeit money. The methods for implementing activities in this socialization are lecture, interview, discussion and evaluation methods. The results of the training are an increase in understanding of real money vs fake money, understanding the characteristics, increasing insight regarding applicable legal regulations and being able to use this knowledge better in the present and future.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui perhitungan persediaan barang dagang menggunakan metode First In Firt Out (FIFO), (2) mengetahui perbedaan perhitungan persediaan barang dagang pada PT Mitra Usaha dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode First In First Out (FIFO). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskripstif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan persediaan barang PT Mitra Usaha Flores, Kabupaten Ende periode tahun 2018-2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dalam pencatatan persediaan barang dagang PT. Mitra Usaha Flores selama ini tidak melakukan pencatatan persediaan barang dagang. Sehingga PT. Mitra Usaha Flores tidak mengetahui secara pasti stok persediaan yang tersedia. Namun di dalam dunia usaha sangat memerlukan metode yang benar dan sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku untuk dapat menjaga stabilitas dan pengawasan usaha yang dijalankan entitas. Dengan membuat kartu persediaan metode FIFO dapat memberikan informasi atas pembelian, penjualan dan saldo persedian akhir, PT. Mitra Usaha Flores akan mengetahui persediaan yang dimiliki setiap saat meskipun telah terjadi jual beli barang dagang.  

The purpose of this study was aimed at determining the difference between Indonesian allophones and Sundanese. in Indonesian, allophones are often associated with variations in the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, while in Sundanese these variations can include word forms and intonation patterns. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods by investigating the differences between Indonesian allophones and Sundanese so as to produce concrete data. Such as differences in vowel phonemes and consonant phonemes between Indonesian and Sundanese, differences in consonant allophones and vowel allophones, differences in the use of certain sounds, differences in intonation patterns and accents. With this research, it can produce data that can distinguish between Indonesian allophones and Sundanese allophones

B value is a factor that reflects the strength and timing of the gradient that will be used to generate a diffusion-weighted image. The higher the b value, the stronger the effect on diffusion. B value can be expressed in units of s/mm2 with a b value range of 500 s/mm2 to 1500 s/mm2. The use of b value in Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequences is very important in detecting prostate cancer to distinguish malignant and benign cancer tissue because b value determines the amount of diffusion weighting and shows the sensitivity of the sequence to diffusion. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the quality of SNR and CNR images with b value variations in Pelvic MRI examination in prostate cancer cases. This study uses quantitative research methods with an experimental approach. The study population and samples were 4 Pelvic MRI patients with prostate cancer cases who underwent examination in July-August 2023 at the Radiology Installation of Prof.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, and each sample was subjected to b value variations of 800, 1000, 1400 and 2000 on the Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequence. Data were processed using radiant DICOM and then analyzed using normality test and repeated anova test on SPSS 25 software. The results showed a significance value (p-value) > than 0.05, it can be concluded that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means that there is no difference in Pelvic MRI image quality in Prostate Cancer Cases with b value variations. The b value variation of 800 on Pelvic MRI examination on Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequences with prostate cancer cases can produce more optimal image quality compared to b value variations of 1000, 1400 and 2000.

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is the leading cause of back pain in old age, occurring as a result of tearing of the fibrous annulus and the nucleus pulposus exiting through the tear. To optimize pathology, fat suppression techniques are needed to suppress fat and fluid. Fat Suppression techniques include Dixon and SPAIR. The use of Dixon is relatively longer but can produce four images at once, while SPIR has the advantage of being more resistant to inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between T2WI SPIR and T2WI diagnostic image information Dixon Sagital Cut Lumbar MRI with Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) cases as well as find out which one is better between the two techniques. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental approach that uses prospective data aimed at determining the difference in diagnostic image information T2WI SPIR and T2WI Dixon MRI examination of Sagital Cuts. The study population is patients who perform Lumbar MRI examinations with HNP cases at the Radiology Installation of NTB Provincial Hospital for the period May-July 2023. This study applied total sampling, using a research sample of 17 patients. The results showed a difference in image information between the T2WI SPIR and T2WI Dixon sequences on Lumbar MRI examination of Sagital Cut with a p-velue value smaller than α (<0.05), namely in the anatomy of the Spinal Cord with a p-value (0.021), and the anatomy of the Corpus Vertebraewith value p-value (0.001). The T2 Spir sequence is more optimal in showing anatomical information on the Sagittal Cut lumbar MRI examination compared to the T2 Dixon sequence.  due to the more homogeneous emphasis of fat on the anatomy of the Spinal Cord and Corpus Vertebrae