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This research aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous influence of four independent variables—Ticket Price (X_1), Service Quality (X_2), Customer Trust (X_3), and Promotion (X_4)—on Ship Ticket Purchase Decisions (Y) at PT. PELNI Semarang Branch. Utilizing an associative quantitative method with a sample of 100 passenger respondents (N=100), the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression (SPSS 22.0). The model demonstrated a strong explanatory power, accounting for 55.7% of the variation in purchase decisions (Adjusted\ R^2 = 0.557). The t-test results indicate that all independent variables have a positive and significant influence on Purchase Decisions (all t_{hitung} > 1.9853). The Promotion variable (X_4) showed the strongest individual influence (\beta = 0.282, t=4.777), highlighting the critical nature of effective information dissemination and communication strategies in attracting and guiding mass maritime consumers. Customer Trust (X_3) and Service Quality (X_2) also proved highly significant, affirming the essential role of State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) integrity and service reliability in mitigating perceived maritime travel risks. Managerial implications suggest PT. PELNI prioritizes enhancing Promotion through digital media and maintaining the fairness of Price setting, which remains a key consideration for this market segment.

This research is motivated by the shift in the meaning of modern education which tends to emphasize cognitive and materialistic aspects, while the spiritual and moral dimensions are increasingly marginalized. The purpose of this research is to reinterpret the nature of education , learning , and schooling from an Islamic educational perspective through a conceptual analysis of the integration of spiritual and scientific values. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach , using secondary data obtained from various classical and contemporary literature related to Islamic educational philosophy. The results show that Islamic education views education as a process of forming manners and divine awareness, learning as a spiritual and intellectual journey towards divine truth, and schooling as a space of civilization that unites knowledge, faith, and charity. The integration of spiritual and scientific values is the main foundation in the development of a holistic and civilized Islamic education system, so that it is able to produce knowledgeable, faithful, and noble human beings in accordance with the true purpose of Islamic education.

This study discusses the shift in the meaning of delinquency in Articles 2 and 3 of the Corruption Crime Law (Corruption Law) which has an impact on law enforcement for corrupt perpetrators. In practice, the element of state losses must be clearly proven so that the perpetrator can be held criminally responsible. However, there is a phenomenon of corrupt perpetrators who return state losses to obscure the elements of loss as stipulated in Article 2 of the Corruption Law, so that they have the potential to escape criminal snare. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach, through literature studies and studies of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016. The results of the study show that the basis of the applicants' application in the decision is divided into four aspects, namely the authority of the Constitutional Court, the legal standing of the applicant, the object of the application, and the reason for the application. The Constitutional Court judge in the decision considered three main aspects, namely the authority of the Constitutional Court, the legal standing of the applicant, and the subject matter of the application. The judge's legal considerations emphasized that the phrase "may" in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of the Corruption Law caused legal uncertainty, so that the nature of the offense in the two articles changed to a formal offense. This has an impact on uncertain and fair legal protection for applicants and has serious implications for law enforcement of corruption crimes in Indonesia.

This article responds to the challenge of contextualizing Laudato Si's teachings on integral ecology in the Indonesian Catholic Church. This study examines the concept of "Mother Earth" as a symbol of local wisdom that has the potential to be used as a theological foundation in the inculturation process. Through textual analysis and theological-contextual reflection, this qualitative research explores the meaning of "Mother Earth" as the personification of the earth and dialogues it critically with integral ecological principles. The results of the study show that the values of harmony, mutual cooperation, and respect in the concept of "Mother Earth" have a deep compatibility with the vision of Laudato Si'. This symbol of integration not only strengthens contextual ecological spirituality, but also gives birth to praxis implications in the form of liturgical models, catechesis, and ecologically minded community assistance. In addition, the integration of local values provides space for the people to understand the relationship between humans and nature as a unit that supports each other, not as a relationship of exploitation. This approach opens up opportunities for the formation of ecological consciousness that is rooted in the nation's culture and is in harmony with the teachings of the universal Church. Thus, the inculturation based on "Mother Earth" offers a model to deepen the role of the Church in building a civilization of love in Indonesia and strengthen the collective commitment to environmental sustainability.

Management of household waste in Final Disposal Sites (TPA) faces a serious problem, where most of the waste accumulates and is difficult to decompose due to its complex nature. This condition substantially inhibits natural decomposition processes and limits the effectiveness of recycling efforts. Pre-processing operations, such as sorting and crushing, which are still dominated by manual methods, are proven to be inefficient, high-risk, and require large allocations of land resources and manpower. Therefore, automated technological innovation is needed to facilitate the efficient separation of organic components from inorganic materials (packaging). This research was conducted to determine the design and structural strength analysis of a hammer mill type depackaging machine, carried out using Solidworks software. Structural analysis simulation utilizes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the structural strength of the machine. The specifications of the hammer mill type depackaging machine include a capacity of 3000 kg/hour, a hammer mill input power of 12 KW, and a rotational speed of 2500 rpm with a torque of 34.54 Nm. Meanwhile, the screw conveyor input power is 0.75 KW and the rotational speed is 20 rpm. The FEA simulation analysis results for the hammer mill type depackaging machine showed that the maximum Von Mises stress value recorded is 3,022×10^7   N⁄m^2 , the maximum displacement value measured is very minimal, namely 2,793×10^(-1)  mm, and the Factor of Safety (FOS) obtained is 8.3. This FOS value significantly exceeds the required minimum safety limit (>3), confirming that the machine design has optimal reliability, fatigue resistance, and structural integrity for operation under intensive working conditions at the TPA. The conclusion of this study indicates that the engineering design of this hammer mill type depackaging machine is safe and meets structural technical requirements to proceed to the implementation phase, potentially becoming a sustainable technological solution in improving the efficiency of waste pre-processing.

Love plays a central role in Christian moral theology as the fundamental principle guiding human moral decisions and actions. This study aims to examine the meaning, concept, and role of love in moral theology, as well as its practical application in Christian life. Employing a qualitative method with a literature review approach, this research explores theological perspectives, Scriptural foundations, and the moral implications of love within the Christian tradition. The findings show that moral theology is inseparable from the nature of God as Love, and that love is not merely an emotion but a deliberate moral act oriented toward the good of others. Christian love, understood as agape, represents the highest form of selfless and sacrificial love and becomes the normative basis for moral judgment. Love gives meaning and value to human moral actions, shapes ethical principles, and directs believers to live according to God’s will. In moral practice, love enables Christians to act justly, uphold human dignity, and build harmonious relationships with God, others, society, and creation. The study implies the need for strengthening love-based moral formation within the Church and society, especially amid modern challenges and the growing distortion of love among young people. Future research is recommended to expand on interdisciplinary studies and contextual applications of love in various socio-cultural and religious settings.

The Church in indonesia now plays an increasingly broad role in society, but also faces various complex challenges. These challenges come not only from outside, such as discrimination and social pressure, but also from within; such as limited resources and a reluctance to change. Therefore, the Church needs to understand these various issues in order to formulate ministry strategies that are relevant, contextual, and able to addres the needs of a diverse society. The Church is called to be a forum for the brotherhood of God’s people from various cultural backgrounds, while also bearing witness that unity in diversity is a tangible manifestation of God’s love in the world. However, cultural diversity can also create tension if not managed wisely. The inculturation of local cultures, such as Torok in Manggarai culture, has profound meaning. Torok is not merely a series of literary words, but has a profound meaning that reflects the identity of the Manggarai people in their relationship with themselves, others, nature, and God Himself as creator. As a poetic prayer, Torok serves as an expression of the totality of human life and a means to cultivate the values of brotherhood. The Church does not intend to implement rigid uniformity in matters that do not concern the core of the faith or the welfare of the faithful. On the contrary, the Church respects and strives to preserve the cultural riches that are characteristic of various tribes and nations.

This community service activity aims to increase the ability and creativity of the people of Situnggaling Village, Brand District, Karo Regency, in utilizing the potential of the surrounding nature in the form of telang flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) through training in making simple syrup products. This training was attended by 34 participants consisting of housewives and village teenagers. The implementation method includes socialization of the benefits of telang flowers, syrup making demonstrations, as well as technical assistance in packaging and marketing strategies. Participants were also given an understanding of hygiene standards, the right dosage of ingredients, natural dyeing techniques, and product storage procedures to have a longer shelf life. In addition to the production aspect, this activity also discussed the economic potential of telang flower syrup products as a commodity for MSMEs, including the calculation of production costs and marketing opportunities through social media. The results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge about the economic value and health benefits of telang flowers, as well as their ability to produce syrup independently. This activity is expected to be the first step in empowering the local potential-based economy and encouraging the formation of new sustainable home businesses in Situnggaling Village.

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that focuses on the nature, sources, methods, and limits of human knowledge. This article aims to examine the concept of epistemology within the context of the philosophy of science, its scope, and its relevance to the development of modern scientific thought. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method thatdraws upon both classical and contemporary sources in the field of the philosophy of science. The findings indicate that epistemology encompasses four main domains: the sources of knowledge, the methods of acquiring knowledge, the validity and truth of knowledge, and the limits of human understanding. In the modern context, epistemology faces new challenges such as technological advancement, scientific interdisciplinarity, and the relationship between local and global knowledge systems. The practical implications of epistemology are also evident in education through constructivism, inquiry-based learning, and epistemological literacy. Therefore, a sound understanding of epistemology serves as a crucial foundation for developing an educational and scientific system that is critical, reflective, and contextually relevant.

The 2025 Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra was held in Dalu 10A Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency. This activity aims to increase elementary school students' understanding and awareness of the environment through a nature literacy program. An educational approach was carried out through activities introducing organic and inorganic waste, recycling used goods, and planting seedlings in the school environment. In addition, students also carried out supporting activities such as financial management education, MSME promotion, and socialization of the importance of investment for students. The implementation results showed an increase in student awareness in maintaining school cleanliness, the emergence of environmentally conscious behavior, and active involvement of the community and school in maintaining the sustainability of the program. This KKN program successfully fostered values of social responsibility and ecological awareness among students and strengthened the synergy between students, schools, and the village community.

The development of artificial intelligence capabilities has the potential to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures. In order to mitigate potential risks, this study seeks to examine the legal status of artificial intelligence in Indonesia. The potential for artificial intelligence to function as both the subject and object of law is a salient factor in this analysis. The methodological approach employed is of a normative or doctrinal nature, emphasizing a comprehensive examination of the legal perspective on artificial intelligence. This study encompasses the objectives of progressive legal theory, the theory of legal subjects and objects, and the legal norms that apply in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that in Indonesia, the prevailing legal framework regarding artificial intelligence (AI) currently categorizes it as an object of law. This implies that the owner, developer, and user of AI bear full responsibility for any consequences that may arise from its use. Advances in technology have led to the development of artificial intelligence capable of performing legal actions that were previously exclusive to humans. Consequently, the establishment of specific regulations pertaining to artificial intelligence is imperative to ensure legal certainty in the future.

Constitutionalism plays a fundamental role in limiting state power and ensuring that government authority operates within ethical, legal, and democratic boundaries. Indonesia and Thailand offer two contrasting examples of constitutional development in Southeast Asia. Following the 1998 Reform era, Indonesia successfully strengthened mechanisms of checks and balances through the establishment of the Constitutional Court, decentralization reforms, and the empowerment of independent oversight bodies. In contrast, Thailand has experienced repeated cycles of military intervention, where post-coup constitutions have served not as tools to restrict state power, but rather as instruments legitimizing centralized authority and military dominance.This article synthesizes existing scholarly literature and identifies critical research gaps related to constitutionalism studies in both countries. First, there remains a scarcity of long-term empirical and quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of constitutional limitations on executive, legislative, and judicial power. Second, current research has insufficiently examined informal political practices, including patronage networks, oligarchic influence, and military entrenchment within state institutions. Third, comparative constitutional studies covering the 2014–2025 period remain limited, particularly in assessing post-authoritarian and post-coup constitutional dynamics.The findings of this review highlight the need for deeper interdisciplinary research, integrating political science, legal studies, and institutional analysis to better understand the evolving nature of constitutionalism in Southeast Asia.

The Loro Dirma Traditional House in Sanleo Village is an important representation of the culture of the indigenous people and is the center of the formation of social, spiritual, and local wisdom identities. This study aims to: (1) describe the structure and architecture of the Loro Dirma Traditional House, and (2) analyze the symbolic meaning contained therein in the context of the life of the indigenous people. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with traditional leaders and the local community. The results of the study indicate that the Loro Dirma architecture is full of philosophy that reflects the values ​​of unity, respect for ancestors, and the concept of balance between humans, nature, and the Creator. In addition, the function of Loro Dirma has undergone a transformation, from a traditional residence to a center for traditional activities, a space for deliberation, the implementation of religious ceremonies, and a medium for educating cultural values ​​for the younger generation. However, the study found challenges in preservation efforts, such as limited traditional raw materials, changes in community lifestyles, and the declining interest of the younger generation in local culture. Therefore, collaboration between local governments, indigenous communities, and educational institutions is needed to document, revitalize, and integrate Loro Dirma cultural values ​​into formal and non-formal curricula to ensure their sustainability.

This study examines a critical perspective on the concept of rationality, which has long been regarded as the primary foundation of logical and objective decision-making. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research explores the integration of psychological, philosophical, and socio-cultural dimensions in understanding the limitations and complexities of human rationality. The findings reveal that rationality is not entirely neutral or free from bias. The psychological perspective highlights the influence of cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and anchoring effect, which often turn rationality into a justification for emotionally driven decisions. From a philosophical standpoint, David Hume’s argument that “reason is the slave of the passions” emphasizes the subordination of reason to emotion, while Horkheimer and Adorno reveal how modern rationality has evolved into an instrument of domination through ideologies of efficiency and control. In the socio-cultural dimension, rationality is shown to be non-universal, shaped by specific cultural and historical contexts, as exemplified by Max Weber’s concept of the “iron cage,” describing how individuals become trapped within bureaucratic systems of rationalization. The study concludes that classical rationality, characterized by its deterministic and calculative nature, is inherently bounded and insufficient to address the uncertainty and complexity of the modern world. Therefore, a new paradigm of rationality is needed—one that is integrative, reflective, and humanistic, combining logic with emotional, ethical, and social dimensions to produce decisions that are not only rational but also just and humane.

Education in remote areas continues to face various problems that affect the quality and equity of learning outcomes. The lack of adequate facilities and infrastructure, the shortage of competent teachers, and limited access to learning resources are the main obstacles to implementing effective education in these regions. In addition, the national curriculum, which is uniform in nature, is often less relevant to the needs, potential, and local context of the community. This study aims to analyze educational problems in remote areas and their relevance to adaptive and contextual curriculum design. Using a literature review approach, the study shows that a curriculum aligned with local conditions can improve students’ learning motivation, develop regional potential, and strengthen life skills. Therefore, collaborative efforts among the government, educators, and the community are needed to design a curriculum that can effectively address educational challenges in remote areas in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to describe the application of visual elements and interpret the expressive meaning in elementary school students' artwork themed "My Surrounding Environment." The approach used is descriptive qualitative with visual analysis techniques. The research subjects consist of ten works from fourth-grade students, analyzed based on four main aspects: line, shape, color, and composition. Data were collected through documentation of the artwork, observation of the learning activities, and reflective notes from the teacher. The results show that lines are used by the children as a means of expressing emotions and movement; geometric and organic shapes reflect symbolic representations of their visual experiences; bright colors such as green, blue, and yellow indicate positive feelings toward the environment; and simple compositions show an intuitive balance typical of elementary school age. Expressively, the students' artwork conveys values such as cooperation, responsibility, and care for nature. The findings emphasize that visual arts education in elementary schools plays a crucial role in developing visual literacy, ecological awareness, and character formation through a creative, reflective, and contextual process.

Ecofeminism encompasses a broader perspective, linking environmental issues with social issues. Previous research has shown that environmental discourse generated by various actors, including the government, NGOs, and the media, plays a significant role in shaping public awareness and behavior. However, the phenomenon of women often being excluded from decision-making regarding environmental policies requires special attention. In this digital era, women can share stories, adaptation strategies, and sustainable practices in addressing environmental issues through various platforms. This study aims to analyze the ideology of the women's community embodied in eco-discourse on the Modern Women Bali magazine. The research method applied is a qualitative method with data in the form of eco-discourse on the Modern Women Bali magazine. Results show that the ideologies of ecofeminism found in the media include women’s environmental care, women’s support for local sustainability, women’s role as guardian of nature, and women’s growth through nature.

This study explores the implications of the 1983 Code of Canon Law (CIC) on mixed marriages within the Catholic Church, focusing on its legal, pastoral, and social dimensions in the context of religious pluralism. Mixed marriages, involving a Catholic an a non-Catholic partner, pose unique spiritual and legal challenges due to differing faith backgrounds, the research aims to analyze how the CIC, alongsid Church documents such as Muto Proprio Matrimonia Mixta, Familiaris Consortio, and Amoris Laetitia, addresses these challenges while upholding the sacramental nature of marriage. A qualitative descretive method was employed, utilizing critical textual analysis of relevant literature, including books, journals, and Church documents, the findings highlight that Canons 1124-1126 og the CIC provide a robust legal framework requiring episcopal dispensation, commitment to Catholic faith preservation, and respect for the non-Catholic partner’s beliefs. these Canons balance the protection of Catholic identity with openness to interfainth dialogue. Additionally, Church documents emphasize pastoral accompaniment, compassion, and doalogue to foster family unity and fainth education for children. The study concludes that the CIC, enriched by pastoral approaches in the referenced documents, offers a framework that not only regulates mixed marriages but also transforms them into opportunities for spiritual growth and interreligious harmony, particularly in diverse societies like Indonesia. This integrated approach ensures the mixed mariages can be a source of blessing rather than conflict, promoting stability ant mutual respect in families.  

This study aims to describe and analyze the meanings contained in the cultural utterance Hase Hawaka among the people of Nanaet Village, Nanaet Duabesi District, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Hase Hawaka is a traditional expression that has been passed down from generation to generation, embodying deep social, moral, and spiritual values within the community. The study employs a qualitative approach using structural theory to reveal the implicit meanings embedded in this traditional discourse. Data were collected through observation and interview methods, supported by note-taking and recording techniques to obtain authentic data from native speakers. The results show that Hase Hawaka serves not only as a means of traditional communication but also as a medium for cultural education that conveys values of respect, unity, and social responsibility. Furthermore, the meanings contained within Hase Hawaka reflect the community’s worldview about the balance between humans, nature, and the Creator. Therefore, Hase Hawaka plays an important role in preserving cultural identity and strengthening the social cohesion of the Nanaet community.

Importance of gut microbiota during neurodevelopment has increased, as has the potential relationship between the gut microbiota and (ASD). Complex associations between gut microbiota and ASD are explored here, including significant pathways such as immune modulation, neurotransmitter control, and gut-brain axis signaling. Based on available data, individuals with ASD possess distinctive microbial signatures that are characterized by reduced diversity and altered abundance of specific bacterial species. Such modifications could be related to symptoms of the behavioral nature, neuroinflammatory, as well as gastrointestinal. ASD growth as well as severity could be influenced by the composition of microbiome, depending on genetic, nutrition, microbial exposure during the earliest phases, as well as antibiotic use. Additional therapies based on the microbiome that presented the potential to alleviate the symptoms related to ASD include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, diet modification, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Still, establishing the causal associations, standardizing the procedure of handling the patients, as well as solving the problem related to the manipulation of microbiome, are still challenging activities, though. Large-scale, long-term studies need to be the core agenda of subsequent research, so that specific microbial signatures associated with ASD will be clearly defined, as well as tailored therapies that address the microbiome will be developed. Understanding more about the role that the microbiota plays during ASD may open up the diagnosis as well as the therapy based on the entirely new concepts, something that will ultimately benefit the patients who possess the disorder.