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This study aims to examine the effect of the Time Token learning model on the speaking skills of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Parung Bingung 1. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 58 students, divided into an experimental class (using the Time Token model) and a control class (using direct instruction). Data were collected through speaking skill tests (pre-test and post-test) and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The findings revealed a significant improvement in speaking skills in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average pre-test score of the experimental class increased from 23.67 to 35.03 in the post-test, while the control class improved from 31.07 to 40.11. An independent t-test indicated that the Time Token learning model had a significant effect on students’ speaking skills (p < 0.05). The study concludes that the Time Token model is effective in enhancing students’ speaking skills by providing equal opportunities for each student to speak, reducing anxiety, and promoting active participation in learning. Therefore, this model can serve as an alternative for teachers in developing more interactive and effective teaching methods.

This research aims to identify and develop effective strategies to enhance language skills with self-confidence among students of Electrical Engineering Education at Universitas Negeri Medan. Language proficiency and self-confidence are crucial factors in supporting both academic and professional communication in the field of electrical engineering, especially when students are required to present ideas, convey research findings, and interact in the workplace. The research employed a qualitative method with direct observation, in-depth interviews, and literature study to obtain valid and comprehensive data. The findings indicate that the implementation of interactive learning methods, regular speaking practice, the utilization of technological media, and the reinforcement of a positive mindset significantly improve students’ language abilities while simultaneously fostering their confidence in communication. Furthermore, the presence of a supportive learning environment and the active role of lecturers as facilitators contribute to encouraging students to perform confidently in public. The implications of this study are expected to serve as a reference for educators and educational institutions in improving the quality of language learning, particularly in technical study programs. Thus, graduates are not only equipped with technical expertise but also possess strong communication competencies to face global challenges.

This community service activity aims to enhance elementary school students’ awareness of healthy digital behavior through the socialization of social media ethics and responsible internet use. The method applied was Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving students, teachers, and school stakeholders in an active, collaborative learning process. The program took place at MI Muhammadiyah, Pagentan District, on August 16, 2025, for three hours, including material presentation, case simulations, educational games, and reflective discussions. The results indicate an increased understanding of digital ethics, the emergence of critical attitudes toward gadget use, and the establishment of a “digital healthy class” commitment between teachers and students. Teachers acted as local leaders to sustain digital literacy values within learning activities. This activity demonstrates that a participatory approach effectively promotes behavioral transformation and fosters a culture of responsible digital awareness among elementary school students.

Bullying remains a serious problem in primary education because it affects children’s psychosocial development, academic performance, and mental health. This community service program focused on educational efforts to prevent bullying at SDN Pamoyanan, Padamaju Village, Pagelaran Sub-district, Cianjur Regency. The aim of this activity was to increase students’ understanding of the definition, forms, impacts, and prevention strategies of bullying, as well as to foster collective awareness in creating a safe and inclusive learning environment. The method applied was a participatory research approach that involved teachers and students in every stage, from planning, implementation, to evaluation. Activities were carried out through observation, discussion, material presentation, simulation, and reflection. The results showed a significant increase in students’ knowledge, where before the intervention most of them did not understand the concept of bullying, but after the program, the majority were able to identify its forms and prevention steps. In addition, the program successfully built positive interactions and encouraged students to be more courageous in sharing their experiences and perspectives regarding bullying. Overall, the findings indicate that participatory-based education is effective in strengthening students’ understanding while fostering more empathetic and collaborative social attitudes. This activity is expected to continue sustainably by involving teachers, parents, and the wider community to strengthen bullying prevention efforts in primary schools.

Early childhood education is a fundamental stage in shaping children's cognitive, social, emotional, and motor development. However, learning practices in many early childhood institutions still rely on conventional methods that make children passive and less engaged. This community service program was implemented at PAUD Alamanda in Padamaju Village with a focus on introducing color concepts through play-based learning strategies. The objective of this program was to enhance the quality of science learning that is more interactive, enjoyable, and developmentally appropriate, while also strengthening teachers’ capacity in designing innovative learning strategies. The method applied was Participatory Action Research, conducted in several stages including observation and coordination, teacher training, implementation of play activities with children, and reflection and evaluation. The results revealed that children became more enthusiastic, successfully recognized primary and secondary colors, and demonstrated improvements in fine motor skills, creativity, and social interaction. Teachers also gained new insights into the application of more varied and innovative teaching methods. Overall, this program successfully bridged the gap between early childhood education theories emphasizing play-based learning and classroom practices, and contributed positively to the improvement of early childhood education quality.

This study was motivated by the low ability of seventh grade students at SMP Dharma Karya UT to present descriptive texts orally, which is indicated by their lack of fluency, unclear pronunciation and intonation, and low self-confidence. This condition is aggravated by monotonous learning models that make students feel bored. One alternative to overcome this problem is the application of the Teaching at The Right Level (TaRL) learning model. This model focuses on the students’ actual ability levels so that the content and learning activities can be adjusted to their readiness to learn. This research used a quantitative method with a Randomized Demonstration Group Posttest Only Design and involved two groups: an experimental class and a control class. The sample consisted of 53 seventh grade students of SMP Dharma Karya UT. The research instrument was a test of oral descriptive text presentation skills. The results show a significant effect of applying the TaRL model on students’ ability to present descriptive texts orally. The experimental class receiving TaRL obtained an average posttest score of 47.8 out of 80, while the control class only scored 34.29 out of 80. The t-test showed tcount (2.45) > ttable (1.66) at a 5% significance level, so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. It can therefore be concluded that the application of the TaRL model is more effective than conventional teaching in improving students’ oral presentation skills of descriptive texts.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) through the entrepreneurship theme at SMP Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu and to identify its supporting and inhibiting factors. P5 is a program within the Merdeka Curriculum that emphasizes project-based learning to foster 21st-century skills and character, which include the dimensions of faith, global diversity, cooperation, independence, critical thinking, and creativity. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that the implementation of P5 was systematically carried out in planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. In the entrepreneurship theme, students were engaged in designing, producing, and marketing cassava chips. These activities enhanced entrepreneurial skills while also promoting independence, creativity, collaboration, and responsibility. The main supporting factors included strong leadership commitment, teacher creativity, availability of simple facilities, and involvement of parents and the local community. On the other hand, inhibiting factors identified were limited teacher training, a short project duration, minimal production resources, and the absence of standardized evaluation instruments. Overall, the implementation of P5 through the entrepreneurship theme successfully provided meaningful learning experiences that not only strengthened students’ understanding of entrepreneurship but also integrated Pancasila values into daily practice. The results of this study may serve as a reference for other schools in developing contextual P5 projects oriented toward character building.

This community service program was implemented to overcome the limited technical capacity of teachers and students at SMK Negeri Jambu in mastering the installation and programming of battery-based electric vehicles, which is a crucial skill in preparing competent human resources for the rapidly evolving green vehicle industry. The program specifically aimed to enhance participants’ knowledge and skills in several key areas, including the installation of electric motor control systems, management of battery energy, and maintenance of essential electric vehicle components. To achieve these goals, the activities were carried out using a blended method that integrated lectures, demonstrations, and direct hands-on practice, supported by continuous mentoring and systematic evaluation. In addition, QR Code–based learning resources were incorporated to provide participants with quick and efficient access to digital instructional materials, allowing for more flexible and independent learning. The evaluation results revealed significant progress in both the theoretical understanding and practical abilities of the participants. They were able to demonstrate improvements not only in operating and maintaining electric vehicle systems but also in identifying problems and performing troubleshooting independently. These findings suggest that the program effectively contributed to building sustainable competencies for teachers and students, equipping them with relevant skills aligned with the needs of the green automotive industry, while also promoting technological adaptation and innovation in vocational education.

Community Service (KKN) is a means of implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education (Tri Dharma) in the aspect of community service. This article describes the implementation of KKN Group 17 of Universitas PGRI Sumenep in 2025, located in Poreh Village, Lenteng District, Sumenep Regency. The program lasted one month (July 23–August 23, 2025) and employed a participatory approach. The program included six main programs (village logo creation, MSME product digitalization, August 17th competition, parenting outreach, ecobricks, coloring competition) and four supporting programs (community service, healthy exercise, cheerful Quranic study group, and study mentoring). The implementation method consisted of initial observation, village deliberation-based planning, program implementation with active community involvement, and joint evaluation. Results indicated increased environmental awareness, the formation of a village visual identity, the development of MSME digital literacy, increased community participation, and increased motivation for learning among children. Issues that emerged included low community participation, limited facilities, and program sustainability. Solutions are sought through cultural approaches, program adaptations, and the formation of community mobilization groups. This article emphasizes that KKN plays a strategic role in community empowerment when implemented contextually, adaptively, and sustainably.

 National insight is an important foundation in the character development of Indonesia's young generation, especially in facing the challenges of globalization, digitalization, and changing values ​​among adolescents. This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to strengthen national insight for new students of SMAN 46 Jakarta through a contextual approach relevant to the conditions of today's youth. The contextual approach was chosen because it can help students understand the material by connecting the knowledge learned with their daily experiences, so that the learning process becomes more meaningful, easier to understand, and less abstract (Aminah et al., 2022; Parhan & Sukaenah, 2020). The methods used in this program include interactive counseling, group discussions, and reflections supported by audiovisual media close to students' daily lives, such as short videos, digital illustrations, and case simulations. This activity was held on July 14–16, 2025, as part of the School Environment Introduction Period (MPLS) and was attended by 450 new students in grade X. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in students' understanding of the concept of national insight from a practical and contextual perspective, with a focus on the values ​​of empathy, solidarity, mutual cooperation, anti-bullying, and positive creativity. Furthermore, this program succeeded in changing the paradigm of students from an understanding of national insight that initially tended to be normative and abstract to being more applicable in everyday life. This proves that strengthening national insight through a contextual approach can be an effective strategy in forming a young generation that is characterful, adaptive, and has social awareness.

The Public Speaking Training Program in English was conducted by mentioned lecturers) from Political Science Department and International Relations Department, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta (UPNVJ through the reactivation of the English Club Reborn in Bekasi City. This is a community service initiative aimed at enhancing the English language skills of children, teenagers, and adults. In today's globalized world, proficiency in English is a vital skill that opens numerous opportunities in education and careers. Bekasi, as a rapidly developing city, has significant potential to serve as a buffer for the international city of DKI Jakarta. The long-term goal of this program is to create quality human resources ready to compete at both local and international levels. Methods to achieve these goals will include interactive classes, group discussions, and public speaking practice. Activities will be conducted regularly in the form of workshops, featuring experienced guest speakers. Additionally, the program will leverage digital technology to support learning through online platforms and social media. Expected outcomes of this program are enhanced English language skills among participants, the establishment of an active English Club community, and increased confidence in public speaking. Ultimately, this program aims to make a significant contribution to human resource development in Bekasi City. In addition, this program is also expected to become a model for education-based community development that can be replicated in other regions.

This community service activity aims to provide outreach and training related to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing engaging, interactive, and effective learning tools for teachers in TKIT, SDIT, and SMPIT Darut Tauhid in Grobogan Regency. This service was carried out on June 11, 2025, using a qualitative approach through various methods, including presentations, interactive discussions, workshops, and direct practice in the use of AI technology. This activity emphasized improving teachers' skills in integrating AI technology into the learning process so that it can support the creation of a more innovative learning atmosphere and suit the needs of students in the digital era. The results of the activity showed a significant increase, both in terms of efficiency and quality. Teachers were able to save up to 70% of time preparing learning tools, produce more varied and engaging learning media, and show higher motivation in adopting digital technology to support the teaching and learning process. The three main tools introduced, namely ChatGPT, Claude, and Canva Magic Design, have been proven to help teachers in creating materials, designing media, and managing learning more effectively. The positive response from training participants also confirmed that the use of AI has significant potential for wider implementation in Islamic educational institutions. Therefore, this activity not only contributes to improving teacher competency but also opens up opportunities for developing technology-based learning models relevant to future educational challenges.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of storytelling and movie discussion methods in improving students' English speaking skills at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar. The background of this research departs from the low active participation and courage of students in using oral English in class. The method used is a hands-on practice-based learning approach, where students are asked to tell stories orally and discuss short films in English. The research subjects consisted of 36 students in grades XI-3 who were involved in interactive learning activities with the support of visual media and group discussions. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in several aspects of speaking skills, namely fluency in speaking, mastery of vocabulary, pronunciation, and students' confidence in conveying ideas and opinions. In addition, this method also encourages the development of critical thinking skills, creativity, and cooperation between students in a fun and participatory learning atmosphere. Storytelling activities allow students to express themselves freely and in a structured way, while movie discussions facilitate understanding of cultural context and authentic use of language. Thus, the application of storytelling and movie discussion methods has proven to be effective as an innovative learning strategy in developing students' English speaking skills at the high school level. This study recommends the integration of these methods in the English language learning curriculum to improve the overall quality of students' oral communication.

Physics learning in high schools is often facing challenges due to lack of laboratory facilities, especially for abstract topics such as electron deflection. Limited equipment often results in a theoretical learning process without real-world practical experience. This community service activity aims to address this gap by assisting with electron deflection experiments at a high school in Surabaya. The methods applied included preparation and coordination, provision of equipment, inquiry-based learning design, classroom experiment implementation, and activity evaluation. During the program, the team brought the electron deflection experiment equipment to the school. Students were divided into small groups, and each group took turns interacting closely with the equipment brought by the team. Students were encouraged to propose hypotheses, observe carefully, and engage in discussions. A total of 58 students participated in this activity and had the opportunity to directly observe electron path in a cathode ray tube. The evaluation showed an excellent response from students with an average score of 3.48 (scale 1–4), where they felt this activity helped them learn theory with practice and increased their enthusiasm for learning. This program demonstrates that collaboration between universities and schools can be an efficient solution to overcome the lack of laboratory facilities and improve the quality of more meaningful physics learning.

Used cooking oil is a household waste that may pollute the environment and harm human health if disposed of or reused improperly. This community service program aimed to provide a waste management solution while enhancing the community’s economic skills through training on producing aromatherapy candles from used cooking oil. The implementation method included awareness sessions on the hazards of used cooking oil, technical training using a learning by doing approach, and assistance in production and marketing. A total of 30 participants from the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) took part in the program. The results indicated improved knowledge and skills, the production of approximately 50 aromatherapy candles with lavender, rose, and vanilla scents, and the establishment of a community group committed to continuing independent production. The program contributed positively to the environment by reducing around 15 liters of waste oil per month and created new entrepreneurial opportunities for residents. Therefore, this initiative can serve as a sustainable community empowerment model based on circular economy principles.

The community service program carried out at Stella Matutina Salatiga Junior High School aims to strengthen environmental awareness while supporting the implementation of sustainable education through the manufacture of biopesticides made from eco enzymes. This activity is based on students' low understanding of the impact of the use of synthetic chemical pesticides on health and the environment. Therefore, the program is designed for students to gain hands-on experience in processing organic waste into eco enzymes and using it as the main ingredient of environmentally friendly biopesticides. The implementation method includes socialization on the importance of protecting the environment, introduction to natural biopesticides, training in making biopesticides with simple techniques, and intensive assistance to teachers and students. The evaluation process was carried out through an interactive quiz using the Kahoot application to measure participants' understanding. In addition, the follow-up of the program includes the preparation of materials, creative workshops, the development of interactive modules, teacher training, classroom implementation, and exhibitions of student works. The results of the program showed that the training was effective, as evidenced by the application of biopesticides in school parks and the increase in student knowledge, namely from a pre-test score of 53% to 59% in the post-test. These findings confirm that the application of eco enzymes is not only beneficial in reducing the use of chemical pesticides, but also able to foster students' environmental awareness and practical skills. In the future, this program has the potential to be replicated in other schools as a project-based learning model that is applicable and sustainable.

PT. Surya Pratista Hutama, as a company committed to improving the quality of its human resources, continues to strive to provide innovations to support employee competency development. One strategic step taken is the implementation of a Learning Management System LMS as a form of learning innovation in the digital era. This LMS implementation is not only intended as a means of knowledge transfer, but also as a medium to create a culture of sustainable learning within the company environment. The observation conducted aims to determine the extent to which the LMS can support the learning process in the company, with a focus on its effectiveness, challenges, and impact on improving employee competency. The method used is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, through interviews, direct observation, and documentation related to digital-based learning activities. The observation results show that the implementation of the LMS provides various benefits, including easy access to learning anytime and anywhere, flexibility that allows employees to adjust their learning schedules to work activities, and increased motivation and independence in learning. However, there are several obstacles that require attention, such as limited digital literacy among some users, lack of direct interaction between instructors and participants, and the need to adjust content to be more relevant to daily work demands. Overall, the LMS has great potential to improve the effectiveness of training at PT. Surya Pratista Hutama.

The Children’s Reading and Learning Corner program is a community service activity implemented by Group 7 of the Community Service Program (KKN) from Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta in Kalibaru Subdistrict, North Jakarta. This program was designed to address the challenge of low reading interest and the limited access to learning facilities among children in the local community. The main target of the activity was children aged 5–8 years, with the objective of increasing reading interest, strengthening basic cognitive skills, and fostering positive learning habits from an early age. The program was carried out through interactive learning methods with a thematic approach, combined with group discussions, question-and-answer sessions, shared reading, and simple practices that encouraged active participation. The learning materials covered Basic Mathematics, Indonesian Language, and General Knowledge, all adjusted to the children’s comprehension levels. In addition, a coloring competition was held to foster creativity, train fine motor skills, and create a fun and engaging learning atmosphere. Evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in children’s enthusiasm for learning, better understanding of the provided materials, and more active involvement during the sessions. The children also demonstrated increased self-confidence, particularly when asked to read aloud or answer questions in front of their peers. Furthermore, the provision of a bookshelf in the community hall became a strategic step to establish a sustainable reading space that could be used outside of program hours. Overall, the program successfully achieved its intended goals and is considered feasible to be expanded to other areas. Additional support in the form of a wider collection of books, more creative learning media, and consistent community involvement will be key factors in ensuring the sustainability and long-term impact of the program.

This study explores the alignment between science learning practices and children’s cognitive development stages based on Jean Piaget’s theory. Ten academic publications were systematically reviewed to examine how Piaget’s framework can be applied in science education. The findings highlight that integrating cognitive development theory is highly relevant for improving the quality of teaching and learning in schools. At the concrete operational stage (approximately 7–11 years), children learn best through direct experiences, manipulation of real objects, contextual media, and experiments that connect concepts with daily life. These methods help foster curiosity and reinforce conceptual understanding. As learners progress to the formal operational stage (around 11 years and above), they begin to think abstractly, reason logically, and analyze critically. At this level, student-centered approaches, inquiry-based methods, and constructivist learning become more effective in enhancing problem-solving, creativity, and higher-order thinking skills. The review also indicates that adapting instruction to developmental stages supports more meaningful and sustainable learning outcomes. In the Indonesian educational context, this approach can address challenges such as limited classroom facilities, diverse student learning styles, and a curriculum that is often overloaded. By applying Piaget’s insights, teachers can design learning strategies that bridge abstract concepts with concrete understanding, thus increasing student motivation and engagement. In conclusion, aligning science education with Piaget’s cognitive stages is an effective way to improve student performance and ensure long-term academic growth. The study provides valuable input for teachers, researchers, and policymakers in developing innovative, student-centered science and mathematics education.

This Community Service Program aims to strengthen the basic English language skills of children aged 5-12 in RW 03 Kalibaru, Cilincing, North Jakarta. Initial observations revealed low vocabulary mastery and a lack of confidence in communication among these children. With foreign language literacy rates for primary school-aged children in coastal North Jakarta at only 27.5%, non-formal educational intervention is crucial to support their school learning. As part of a university community service program (KKN), this initiative was carried out over three meetings with 30 children. The method used was Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes active collaboration between program facilitators and the community. The program's implementation included introducing basic materials such as the alphabet, numbers, colors, and vocabulary related to animals and family members, as well as practicing simple conversations like self-introductions and greetings. The learning methods applied were highly interactive, integrating educational games, songs, visualization, and role-playing. The evaluation, using pre-test and post-test instruments, showed a significant improvement in the participants' understanding. The average initial score increased sharply from 68.5 to 85.7, representing a 17.2-point or approximately 25% increase. This improvement proves the effectiveness of the interactive methods used in strengthening material mastery. Furthermore, the program successfully fostered an inclusive and enjoyable learning environment. A social change was observed in the form of increased self-confidence among the children when using English, a willingness to speak in front of their friends, and positive interactions among participants. Overall, this program not only succeeded in enhancing basic English skills but also fostered social transformation through increased confidence and positive interaction. Although challenges such as varying levels of understanding and limited learning media were encountered.