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Cognitive domain assessment is an important component in the learning process which aims to measure students' mastery of knowledge and thinking abilities. This research presents the concepts, principles and implementation of cognitive assessment in education through literature studies. Bloom's Taxonomy revised by Anderson and Krathwohl divides the cognitive domain into six levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, analyzing, and creating. Developing an effective cognitive assessment instrument requires systematic planning, starting from determining objectives to analyzing question items. Various assessment techniques such as multiple choice tests, short content, descriptions, and true and false can be used according to learning objectives. Challenges in implementing cognitive assessments include difficulties in designing instruments that measure higher-order thinking abilities. A deep understanding of the principles and techniques of cognitive assessment is essential for educators to improve the quality of learning and assessment.  

Jipang Village, located in Karanglewas Subdistrict, is an area rich in natural resources and has great potential for the development of home businesses. However, most of its residents, especially the women who are members of the PKK group (Family Welfare Development), have not been able to maximize this potential to improve their economic well-being. Several key factors hindering this include a lack of knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship, limited access to technology and information, and insufficient opportunities to receive adequate business training. Through this entrepreneurship training program, it is hoped that the PKK women will be empowered to develop their home businesses more professionally and effectively, thereby increasing family income and reducing poverty levels in Jipang Village.

This study aims to analyze the influence of income, knowledge, promotion, and gold prices on the investment decisions of bank partners in investing in gold at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) in Jambi City. The population used in this research consists of BSI partners who invest in gold in Jambi City, with a sample of 90 respondents. It can be concluded that the respondents in this study are predominantly female, totaling 63 respondents, while males amount to 27 respondents. Based on age, the majority are aged 30-39 years, with 40 respondents. In terms of education level, 70 respondents hold a bachelor's degree. Data collection techniques employed include questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that all examined variables, both internal factors (income and knowledge) and external factors (promotion and gold prices), significantly influence gold investment decisions. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.827 indicates that 82% of the variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the variables studied. This research provides a broader understanding of the factors influencing gold investment decisions and suggests strategies for more effective promotion and better financial education.

Examination and test panscore is an important process in educational evaluation that aims to measure students' understanding and achievement in various areas of knowledge. However, the challenge of ensuring the validity and reliability of tests is often a major concern for evaluation instrument developers. This paper discusses the approach used in the examination and panscorer of the test to improve the validity and reliability of the evaluation results. This approach involves steps such as careful test design, development of quality test items, validity and reliability testing, and analysis of test result data. One of the important aspects of test checks is careful test design. This involves selecting a test format that is appropriate for the purpose of evaluation, as well as the preparation of instructions that are clear and understandable to students. In addition, the development of quality test items is also necessary to ensure that the test can accurately measure the desired knowledge and skills. This process involves thoroughly testing test items to ensure fit with the curriculum and fit with the desired level of difficulty. Once the test is designed and the test items are developed, the next step is to test the validity and reliability of the test. Validity refers to the extent to which a test can measure what it is supposed to measure, while reliability refers to the extent to which a test can produce consistent results over time. This testing can involve gathering data from a variety of sources, including statistical analysis and review by experts in the field. Finally, the analysis of test result data is an important step in understanding the evaluation results. It involves using statistical methods to identify patterns and trends in the data, as well as interpreting test results to make relevant conclusions about student achievement. By using this approach in examination and test pansora, it is hoped that the results of education evaluation can become more valid and reliable, thereby providing more useful information for education stakeholders.  

Increasing women's participation in decision-making processes at the village level is a challenge that requires cooperation and perseverance between the government and women. The case study in Pledo Village shows that women's participation is quite good with their active involvement in village forums and meetings held by village officials. Women's voices have been heard and some of them have been accepted according to the needs of the village. The socialization activity in Pledo Village on May 6 2024 aims to increase women's awareness of the importance of participation in village activities. This activity was attended by women's representatives from two nearby hamlets. The discussions that took place revealed several obstacles to women's participation, such as feelings of inferiority caused by low levels of education, feelings of laziness, and status as newcomers. The proposed solution is to increase involvement in PKK activities so that they are more involved in activities and meetings in the Village and more active in activities and forums carried out to make decisions for the sake of the Village. Increase familiarity and knowledge of things that women need to do in participation in order to eliminate feelings of inferiority regarding the level of individual education in the Village development process. Reactivating existing weaving groups is a solution so that women who are immigrants can join and become more familiar because joining these groups is a process of getting to know local residents. This socialization received support from the village government as an effort to make women aware of the importance of their role in the decision-making process.

Adolescent girls who have experienced menstruation need to know how to maintain their reproductive health. If someone has poor knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation, it can increase the risk of getting Reproductive Tract Infections (ISR). This study aimed to assess the correlation between the level of knowledge with personal hygiene practice during menstruation among female student grade VII of MTsN 6 Padang. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was at MTsN 6 Padang  in February - March 2022. The sample in this study were girl students grade VII of MTsN 6 Padang who had experienced menstruation as many as 68 respondents. Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to respondents. The results of this study regarding the level of knowledge showed that respondents had a good level of knowledge (48,5%) and good personal hygiene practice during menstruation (54,4%). The results of the bivariate analysis of the correlation between the level of knowledge with personal hygiene practice during menstruation obtained p value = 0.000 (p <0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between the level of knowledge with personal hygiene practice during menstruation among female student grade VII MTsN 6 Padang.

This research uses a quantitative descriptive research design. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of Class V students at SDN Gembong 5 regarding injuries experienced while carrying out physical activities. This research will be carried out at SDN Gembong 5 which is located in Pati Regency, Central Java, in Gembong Village, Gembong District. The date of this research is May 16 2024. The research population is 48 class V students at SDN Gembong 5. In this research, total sampling was used for sampling. The level of knowledge of fifth grade students at SDN Gembong 5 regarding injuries experienced while carrying out physical activities is the dependent variable for the research. The multiple choice written test is the research instrument used in this research. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the knowledge of Class V students at SDN Gembong 5 regarding injuries experienced when carrying out physical activities which are divided into three categories, namely sports injuries, injury prevention and injury treatment, have very high knowledge of the three categories tested.

The effectiveness of work relationships is a factor that plays an important role in organizational activities, it needs to be fostered and developed so that organizational goals can be achieved effectively. Organizational goals will be achieved if the organization has reliable, skilled and qualified human resources so that they can provide optimal contributions and improve work performance. Both for organizations, society and employees themselves. The effectiveness of work relations is a person's positive attitude or general condition towards organizational life. The approach in this research is to use an associative approach. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using observation and interview techniques. Based on the research results, there are several things that are used to measure a person's work effectiveness, namely (1) steady and smooth movements, (2) rhythmic movements, (3) responding more quickly to signs, (4) being able to predict difficulties that will arise, (5) ) works quietly. Thus, it can be concluded that (1) the effectiveness of employment relations is the level of a person's mastery of knowledge and skills in their work which can be measured from the length of service and the level of knowledge and skills they possess. Various efforts to fulfill teachers' needs to be good have been carried out quite well at SDN 4 Asparaga, Gorontalo Regency, (2) supporting factors for the effectiveness of teacher working relationships at SDN 4 Asparaga, Gorontalo Regency in the form of fulfilling several needs, namely physiological needs, security needs, social needs, Needs that reflect a sense of self, and teacher self-actualization needs.  

Digital innovation has become an important aspect in efforts to empower MSMEs and develop local economies in various regions, especially Klagen Village. This research investigates the implementation and impact of digital innovation in the village context. Through a participatory approach, students explored how MSMEs in Klagen Village adopted digital technology such as creating a Linktree and MSME website, creating Google Maps points, and registering NIB to increase their market access and operational efficiency. The research results show that the adoption of digital innovation has made a significant contribution to increasing income, expanding product ranges, and accelerating MSME business processes. However, challenges such as limited knowledge and skills, concerns about data security, and the level of public acceptance were also identified as potential barriers. By exploring these findings, this activity not only provides insight into the benefits of digital innovation for MSMEs at the local level, but also highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration to increase digital innovation and sustainable economic growth at the village level.

This community service examines the conditions and potential of digital marketing for MSME business actors in Jatirejo Village, Diwek, Jombang, especially in the context of diversification of processed salak products. By using a local potential approach, this service identifies the level of knowledge and skills of business actors in processing salak-based products that are still less than optimal so that the PKM team provides training on product diversification such as salak juice, salak nastar, salak bakpia, salak cireng, salak crackers, and Salak crackers are an economically valuable product. In addition, the research also explored how confident they are in implementing digital marketing strategies to increase the visibility and market penetration of their products. The results of this research provide recommendations for developing appropriate training and mentoring programs to improve digital marketing skills among MSMEs in Jatirejo Village.

Since welding workshops are an unofficial industry, there is still a lack of effective implementation of occupational safety and health regulations in this field. Welders often experience eye hazards such as sparks, foreign objects, infrared and UV radiation. The purpose of this study is to describe how well welding workshop workers in Medan Tembung District comply with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The results of data analysis for the Alpha Cronbach questionnaire trial in this study showed that the data met the requirements with a score of 0.928. Up to 55 welding workshop employees from all welding workshops in Medan Tembung District, Medan City participated in the total sampling of this study. After the descriptive analysis, the data is displayed as a frequency distribution.  According to the results of the study, of the 55 welding workshop employees who participated in the survey, 50.9% had a low level of knowledge. The majority of respondents (80%) have a negative attitude towards the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and more than half (58.2%) do not use PPE in the workplace. The results of the data analysis show that the majority of employees ignore the need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in the workplace because they do not know it or have a negative attitude towards it. Thus, this study suggests that welding businesses need to provide complete personal protective equipment, and also educate on the importance of using PPE and the Government also needs to increase supervision for small and medium enterprises, especially in welding workshops related to occupational health and safety.

Bullying in linguistic terms is bullying, which means disturbing and causing trouble. Bullying is an act that violates human rights, and currently, bullying cases are a hot topic being discussed in various media. Bullying is a serious act that affects children all over the world, including in Indonesia. Formal educational institutions, especially schools, are often places where bullying behaviour occurs. This phenomenon is not only limited to the lower middle school level, but upper middle school students are also not free from this act of bullying. In this context, junior high school students have begun to form groups and interact with their peers, making them more vulnerable to bullying. Therefore, the aim of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of junior high school students, especially in class VIII at the Khairul Imam Medan Integrated Islamic Middle School, about bullying behavior. Educational activities were carried out three times, which included preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. This education has benefits in efforts to prevent and detect early bullying behaviour in junior high school students, especially at Khairul Imam Integrated Islamic Middle School, Medan. Following the implementation of educational activities, we can conclude that students who were previously unaware of bullying now understand the concept and strategies to prevent it. The hope is that after this community service activity, the school and other related parties can take steps to prevent and detect bullying behaviour early, especially among junior high school students.

Knowledge of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) plays an important role in reducing the incidence of occupational accidents. This article aims to conduct a literature review on the relationship between the level of knowledge about occupational safety and health (OSH) and the incidence of occupational accidents, referring to the findings. In writing using the literature review method, this approach is a structured, detailed and iterative process that aims to identify, present and integrate research findings and views from researchers and practitioners. The results of research conducted using the literature method found that there is a relationship between knowledge and the incidence of work accidents. So it can be concluded that knowledge has a significant relationship with the incidence of work accidents.

Cognitive impairment is a neuropsychological condition characterized by a decline in cognitive functions that interferes with daily activities. Cognitive impairment in elderly can lead to the decrease in quality of life. One of the factors causing cognitive impairment is high triglyceride level. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out to increase awareness and knowledge about hypertriglyceridemia and cognitive disorders through education and health screening. The activity method with PDCA is implemented to ensure a systematic and effective approach. Preventive efforts are needed through education on healthy eating pattern, physical activity, and routine screening to control triglyceride levels and prevent cognitive impairment in the elderly.

The aim of this PKM activity is to provide education and training to the Petiga Village community regarding techniques for processing cow dung into effective and efficient organic fertilizer. Community Service (PKM) in Petiga Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency-Bali, has succeeded in overcoming environmental problems due to less than optimal management of cow dung. Through training and outreach, community knowledge in processing cow dung into organic fertilizer increased from 20% to 85%. Organic fertilizer production also increased from 10% to 60% of the total cow dung produced. The use of organic fertilizer improves soil quality, marked by an increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels, as well as rice yields by 30%. The anaerobic fermentation method reduces odors and groundwater pollution, and provides added economic value through the sale of organic fertilizer. These findings show that this program is effective in addressing environmental problems and increasing agricultural productivity. This livestock waste management model can be replicated in other villages that have similar potential, providing broad benefits for the community and supporting sustainable agriculture.

Jackfruit banana in Tambaksari Village is the dominant variety with a high yield productivity of 4 tons/ha. However, the utilization of these bananas is not optimal, so an innovation was developed to utilize raw jackfruit banana fruit into jackfruit banana flour to be processed into cookies. This study aims to design extension services, analyze the increase in knowledge, and determine the level of skills and attitudes of 15 members of Women Farmers Group Sri Rejeki regarding the making of jackfruit banana flour cookies in Tambaksari Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency from February to April 2024. The research method used a qualitative approach with a Level III action research method. The process of implementing Extension includes the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Based on observations and interviews, there are significant changes in behavior supported by simple quantitative data from the results of the first evaluation, which shows an increase in knowledge from the value of increasing knowledge percentage of 59%, the level of attitude with a percentage value of 85% (responsible category), and the level of skills getting 12 skilled people. The second evaluation shows the value of increasing knowledge percentage of 60%, the level of attitude with a percentage value of 86% (responsible category), and the level of skills getting 10 skilled people. The conclusion of this research is that this extension is effective in increasing the knowledge, skill level, and attitude level of Women Farmers Group members in making jackfruit banana flour cookies.

Forensic autopsy is an examination of a corpse including external and internal examinations aimed at determining the cause of death. The number cases of rejection forensic autopsies in the community is caused by knowledge, religion, and culture. This study aims to view the perception of the people of Surau Gadang Village towards forensic autopsies in terms of knowledge, religion, and culture. This study was a descriptive study by using cross-sectional design. Sampling collection with simple random sampling technique. The primary data was taken by questionnaire with 99 respondents is the people of Surau Gadang Village who had met the inclusion criteria. Results: The results showed that from 99 people there were 84 female respondents (84,8%)  with the most age range 19-39 years (57,6%)  and most of the respondents have high school education or equal (59,6%). The results of the questionnaire data  showed that most respondents had a low level of knowledge (41.4%), religious perception was good (80.8%) and cultural perception was good (77.8%). The perception of the people of Surau Gadang Village towards forensic autopsies in terms of knowledge is low, but in terms of religion and culture the perceptions are good.

The development of coffee cultivation in Ngrayudan Village, Ngawi Regency has experienced a decline in quality due to the attack of the Coffee Fruit Borer pest. The pest causes damage to the coffee fruit. Based on the results of the identification of the area potential, there is a problem regarding the handling of Coffee Fruit Borer pests that had not been maximized by farmers in Ngrayudan Village. Farmers do not have the knowledge and skills to use biological agents as solutions. This study aims to design extension and behavior changes related to farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and skills. This research was conducted in February - March 2024 using a qualitative approach by using the level III action research method which has four stages in extension activities including planning, action, observation, and reflection. Based on observations and interviews with respondents after counseling showed significant changes in behavior. Supported by quantitative data from the extension evaluation results which showed an increase in knowledge of 34%, while the attitude level showed results of 89% including in the category of responsibility in deciding a matter, and a skill level of 80% including in the level of problem-solving farmers can describe problems to find the best solution. The conclusion of this study shows the existence of effective extension in improving behavior change in Farmer Groups in making biological agents such as Coffee Fruit Borer pest control.

Patient safety includes safe care, risk assessment, risk management, and incident reporting. The most frequent patient safety incidents are falls, which rank second after medication errors. Objective: To analyze the knowledge and compliance of nurses in implementing prevention for patients at risk of falls in the inpatient room at PKU Muhammadiyah Kartasura Hospital. Method: This research uses mixed methods, which combines collection, analysis and mixing of quantitative and qualitative data in one study. The research population was 20 nurses at the PKU Muhammadiyah Kartasura Hospital Inpatient Installation in 2024. Results: Respondents aged 26-35 years (45%), female (85%), last education was D-III Nursing (80%), and length of service 1-5 years (40%). Most respondents had a high level of knowledge (70%), and high compliance (80%). Nurses with poor knowledge who did not comply were 66.7%, while all nurses with good knowledge complied 100%. Chi-square analysis was 0.003, showing that compliance was influenced by level of knowledge, length of work, age, and self-awareness. Conclusion: A nurse's compliance cannot be separated from the nurse's level of knowledge in implementing risk prevention for patient falls. Apart from the level of knowledge, length of work and a person's age also greatly influence the implementation of risk prevention for patient falls, a person's lack of self-awareness can also influence a person's compliance to progress and be successful. 

The practice of feeding infants and children (PMBA) by mothers of toddlers must be carried out correctly and precisely. Mistakes in feeding toddlers will result in malnutrition in children and result in stunting. Prevention of stunting needs to be balanced with the knowledge and understanding of mothers of toddlers about PMBA. This activity aimed to provide education to mothers of toddlers about the importance of feeding infants and children well (PMBA). The method used is to provide education about PMBA demonstrate making modisco and measure the level of knowledge of mothers of toddlers before and after the activity to determine changes in knowledge in mothers of toddlers. The evaluation results obtained regarding the level of knowledge of mothers of toddlers before the activity was carried out, most participants were in the poor category (88.6%), while after the activity the level of knowledge of most participants was good (95.5%)