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The provision of food for inmates is part of the fulfillment of fundamental human rights as regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 40 of 2017. However, in its implementation, various problems are still found that require in-depth study to reconstruct the existing system to be more effective in realizing the fulfillment of human rights. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 40 of 2017 in fulfilling human rights in correctional institutions and to formulate an ideal legal reconstruction of the provision of food for inmates to realize the fulfillment of human rights in the future. This study uses a normative legal research method with primary legal materials (legislation related to the provision of food in prisons), secondary (books, journals), and tertiary (legal dictionaries). The analysis was carried out qualitatively to examine the implementation of the policy and formulate an ideal legal reconstruction. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Permenkumham No. 40/2017 still faces various obstacles including budget constraints, inadequate infrastructure, limited competent human resources, and a less than optimal supervision system. The ideal legal reconstruction includes strengthening the legal basis, developing a sustainable funding system, improving HR competency standards, developing an integrated monitoring system, and utilizing information technology in food management to realize the fulfillment of human rights for correctional inmates.

The growth of modern technology has brought about numerous changes and new developments. Things that were previously considered unimaginable are now seen as commonplace and intriguing to many people. One example is the internet. Digitization can now be applied to all types of businesses, from the smallest to the largest. The formulation of marketing strategies has become more effective with this digitization. This study aims to examine the digital marketing activities of PT AkzoNobel Car Refinishes Indonesia on the Instagram social media platform. The research is conducted to review the uploaded content, engagement with followers, and their impact on the brand and sales. Data were obtained from direct experience during the internship process at the company. Research has shown that with proper and effective use, Instagram has provided considerable excitement for the company and its managers to utilize.

This study examines and analyzes the strategies of mosques as a medium for empowering the community's economy in the city of Watampone. The main focus of the research is to identify the types of strategies implemented by mosques, the challenges faced in carrying out economic programs, and to formulate effective strategies for improving community welfare based on mosque-centered initiatives.The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation of four main mosques in Watampone City: Masjid Agung al-Malkaz al-Ma’arif, Masjid Nurul Hamirah, Masjid Tua Al-Mujahidin, and Masjid Songko’ Recca. The findings reveal that mosques in Watampone have implemented two strategic approaches to economic empowerment: offline (physical) and online (digital). (1) Offline strategies are carried out through the utilization of physical assets such as hall rentals, the establishment of business units, and the organization of social and educational activities.(2) Online strategies are still limited to the use of QRIS for donations and da'wah media, and have not yet extended to digital economic empowerment such as sharia-based marketplaces or online training platforms. In practice, mosques utilize several Islamic economic contracts, including ijarah, muḍarabah, and wakalah. The implementation of these empowerment programs faces several internal and external challenges. This study formulates six effective strategies to address these challenges. These findings are expected to serve as strategic recommendations for mosque administrators, government institutions, and the broader community in enhancing the role of mosques as centers of community economic empowerment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of broiler concentrate-based rations combined with corn and rice bran on the performance of native chickens. A total of four dietary treatments were formulated, namely P1 (100% broiler concentrate), P2 (75% broiler concentrate, 10% corn, 15% rice bran), P3 (50% broiler concentrate, 30% corn, 20% rice bran), and P4 (25% broiler concentrate, 55% corn, 20% rice bran). The parameters observed included feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences among treatments were further tested with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that dietary treatments significantly affected the growth performance of native chickens (P<0.05). Chickens fed diets with higher proportions of broiler concentrate (P1 and P2) exhibited better body weight gain and more efficient feed conversion compared to those receiving lower concentrate levels (P3 and P4). In contrast, increasing corn and rice bran levels tended to increase feed intake but did not proportionally improve body weight gain, resulting in poorer FCR. It can be concluded that native chickens perform optimally when fed rations containing at least 75% broiler concentrate, which provides a balance between growth and feed efficiency.

Effective communication is a key element in modern public administration, as it serves not only as a means of conveying information but also as a strategic instrument for strengthening inter-agency coordination, increasing public participation, and building public trust in the government. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, reviewing scientific journals, academic books, and official policy documents to analyze the role of communication in the bureaucracy, identify barriers that hinder its effectiveness, and propose relevant strengthening strategies in the digital era. The results of the study indicate that clear, consistent, and open communication acts as a catalyst in every stage of public policy from formulation, implementation, to evaluation, while simultaneously increasing the government's legitimacy in the eyes of the public. However, several obstacles remain, including the hierarchical organizational structure of the bureaucracy, a closed communication culture, limited communication competency among civil servants, and political intervention that often distorts policy messages. Furthermore, the development of digital technology provides significant opportunities through e-government, social media, and public service applications to expand the reach of communication, but at the same time presents challenges in the form of low digital literacy among civil servants and the public and the risk of spreading false information. To address these issues, recommended communication strengthening strategies include increasing the capacity of civil servants through communication skills training, developing information technology-based communication systems, establishing a more open and participatory organizational culture, and actively involving the public in every stage of public policy. Thus, this study confirms that effective communication is the main foundation of bureaucratic reform, because without inclusive, adaptive, and technology-based communication, public administration will not be able to meet the increasingly dynamic, complex, and critical demands of the public on the quality of government services.

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is a preliminary agreement in contracts established under the Common Law system, and this research is based on the increasing phenomenon of using MoUs as an initial form of agreement in various fields, including the organization of beauty pageants; however, in practice, there remains ambiguity regarding the extent to which an MoU has binding legal force, particularly when one party commits a breach of contract or when disputes arise, thus this study formulates two main issues, namely the legal status of the parties involved in the MoU of the Miss Beauty East Java 2022 pageant agreement and the legal consequences of the non-performance of such MoU, employing a normative juridical method through statute, conceptual, and case approaches to analyze the practice of MoUs in Miss Beauty East Java 2022, and the findings indicate that although MoUs are not explicitly regulated in the Indonesian Civil Code, they may be considered preliminary agreements subject to the principle of freedom of contract under Article 1338 of the Civil Code, with the legal status of the parties being binding as long as the MoU fulfills the essential elements of a valid contract (agreement, legal capacity, specific object, and lawful cause), while the legal consequences of non performance may give rise to legal liability resolved through non-litigation efforts such as mediation or arbitration, or ultimately through litigation if amicable settlement fails, leading to the conclusion that the MoU in the Miss Beauty East Java 2022 pageant possesses binding legal force as a preliminary agreement rather than merely a moral commitment, provided that it is clearly drafted and meets the validity requirements of a contract under Indonesian law.

Mozzarella cheese is traditionally made using rennet, an enzyme derived from the stomach lining of ruminant animals that plays a key role in coagulating milk. While effective, rennet has certain limitations such as its limited availability, relatively high cost, and concerns among vegetarians and certain religious groups regarding its animal origin. As a result, alternative coagulants that are easier to obtain, plant-based, and more environmentally friendly have gained interest. One such natural ingredient is lemon juice, which contains citric acid and can mimic the coagulation effect of rennet. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of lemon juice as a rennet substitute in the production of mozzarella cheese, specifically when applied in a food product like cheese-stuffed potato balls. The research involved organoleptic testing by 30 panelists to evaluate five sensory aspects: color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance. Several formulations were tested, and the sample containing 20 ml of lemon juice, 2 grams of citric acid, and an additional herb mix (Sample C) was rated the highest in preference across most parameters. The findings suggest that lemon juice is a viable alternative to rennet in mozzarella cheese making, particularly for small-scale or home-based production. It not only delivers acceptable sensory qualities but is also more accessible and affordable. Moreover, using lemon juice supports the development of more sustainable and vegetarian-friendly food options. In conclusion, lemon juice can successfully replace animal-based rennet, making mozzarella cheese production more inclusive, cost-effective, and environmentally conscious.

This research aims to optimize PPKn teachers in PPKn learning, increasing interest in learning for inclusive students, so that students can be independent in their interest in learning and teachers can achieve the expected results and can find out the obstacles faced by teachers in increasing interest in learning. This research has a problem formulation including: How is PPKn learning at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Cimahi, what is the interest in learning of inclusive students in PPKn subjects at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Cimahi, what obstacles do teachers face in increasing the interest in learning of inclusive students at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Cimahi. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques in research are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research were to find out, increase interest in learning, and find obstacles in the context of PPKn learning at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Cimahi, achieved by gaining a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of learning and the challenges faced by teachers in creating an inclusive and motivating learning environment.

This study aims to explain the management of Full Day School in shaping the character of students at SD IT Nurul Fikri Sidoarjo. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that Full Day School management is implemented through three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. In the planning stage, the school formulates visions, missions, and goals focused on developing students' character values. Organization is carried out by clearly assigning duties and authorities to the principal, teachers, and educational staff so that each party can perform their roles in a directed and coordinated manner. Implementation involves integrating character values into learning activities, religious practices, extracurricular programs, and teacher role modeling. Evaluation is conducted regularly through work meetings to review achievements and identify challenges. Supporting programs for character development include habituation of worship such as congregational prayers and tahfidz, social activities, extracurricular programs, and Character Building Life Skills (CBLS), which instill values of independence, leadership, and responsibility. These activities are designed not only to support students’ daily routines but also to instill moral values applicable in daily life. The active role of teachers, staff, and the school environment significantly contributes to the program’s effectiveness, creating an educational system that balances academic aspects with consistent character development.

Teeth and mouth are the first part of the digestive system, where germs and bacteria can enter and cause health problems. Teeth are also part of the body. Tooth decay can affect the health of other body parts, which can disrupt daily activities. Brushing your teeth plays a very important role in preventing the development of bacteria that can cause tooth decay. Therefore, effective educational efforts are needed to care for teeth by brushing your teeth at least twice a day at the right time, in the morning after breakfast and at night before bed. The behavior of eating sticky and sweet foods can affect the occurrence of tooth decay. One method that is considered effective is education that can increase knowledge about how to brush your teeth properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing education on how to brush your teeth properly and correctly to increase the knowledge of elementary school children. This study used a quasi-experimental research method (Quasi Experimental Design), a pre-experimental design with a pre-post design Single group that is quantitative. The population in this study was 55 people. The research sample was 35 people using the Slovin formula with a margin of error (0.1). with a significance level of p <0.05.

Public demand for healthy, low-gluten and high-fiber food products encourages innovation in the bakery industry. This study aims to compare the texture and taste of brownies based on mocaf flour (Modified Cassava Flour) and rye flour with steamed and baked processing methods, and determine the formulation that has the best organoleptic quality. Mocaf flour was chosen because it is gluten-free, low glycemic index and locally sourced, while rye flour is rich in fiber, anthocyanin and antioxidant pigments and is beneficial for health. This study used an experimental design with three variations of mocaf proportions: rye (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) and two processing methods. Hedonic organoleptic tests were conducted by 36 panelists on aroma, taste, texture and overall reception on a likert scale of 1-7. The results showed that the processing method and the proportion of flour had a significant effect on organoleptic quality. Steamed brownies have a softer texture, while baked produce a stronger aroma and flavor. The 50:50 ratio achieves the best balance across all sensory metrics.  

Tedunan Beach in Seluma Regency, Bengkulu, holds exceptional potential as an ecotourism asset, attributed to its authentic and untouched natural landscape, featuring white sand stretches and a unique mangrove ecosystem. Sustainable tourism development, however, demands active participation and entrepreneurship from the local community, which is key to ensuring the equitable distribution of economic benefits and environmental preservation. This research aims to analyze the current community entrepreneurship models, identify challenges hindering business growth, and formulate strategic opportunities for development. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data was collected through in-depth interviews with business actors and community leaders, participant observation, and documentation studies. Findings indicate that community-based businesses have grown organically, albeit on a micro scale, encompassing fresh seafood culinary stalls, tourist hut rentals, and local guide services. Nevertheless, this growth is hampered by fundamental constraints: limited access to formal working capital, minimal promotion hindering market penetration, and a lack of professional training in financial management and tourism service standards. In response, an integrated development model is formulated recommending: increasing human resource capacity through business management and tourism awareness training, facilitating access to capital through partnerships, and strengthening digital-based promotion. In conclusion, Tedunan Beach tourism can be sustainable if supported by a comprehensive empowerment program that not only boosts economic income but also essentially fosters a sense of ownership and community responsibility towards the destination's preservation.

This research positions tourism as a key driver for rural economic transformation via the Community-Based Ecotourism model. Lubuk Langkap Nature Tourism Village, South Bengkulu, has excellent natural assets (pristine), such as clear rivers and tropical forests, supported by good social capital. However, this potential is structurally constrained by a Severe Institutional Crisis within the Village-Owned Enterprise, marked by informal management, lack of standard accounting, and vulnerability to moral hazard risk (misconduct). The Main Thesis asserts that this institutional crisis is not merely a technical issue but a major root problem that weakens Social Capital, damages community Capability, and risks permanent environmental damage. The study uses in-depth strategic analysis focusing on the New Institutional Economics and an integrated SWOT framework, employing interpretive descriptive qualitative methods. The analysis formulates an integrated Community-Based Ecotourism development strategy within a Governance framework that is Strengthened by Risk a system designed to become more resilient when facing shocks (moral hazard risk). The Integrated Action Strategy includes: (1) Establishing Exclusive Village-Owned Enterprise Regulatory Control Rights over the entrance gate and Environmental Carrying Capacity; (2) Implementing a physical Daily Public Financial Dashboard to prevent misconduct; and (3) Legalizing Village Regulations (Perdes) on Conservation Zoning and Maximum Daily Visitor Limits. Implementing a Niche Premium Operational Business Plan (OBP), detailing a High Pricing Strategy (including a Conservation Fee) and a fair Proportional Revenue Sharing Formula, is key to achieving improved welfare and ecological sustainability in South Bengkulu.

The global ecological crisis demands that the church reconsider its calling as a participant in the missio Dei, which encompasses the restoration of all creation. This study aims to examine the concept of eco-missional stewardship as a model of Christian leadership that integrates spirituality, mission, and ecological responsibility. Using a theological-descriptive approach, this study interprets biblical texts and contemporary theological literature to formulate a leadership paradigm oriented toward the care of creation. The results show that stewardship leadership positions Christian leaders as stewards of God's will, guiding the church to live in harmony with creation through love, justice, and sustainability. Leadership rooted in ecological spirituality affirms that caring for the earth is an active expression of faith. Thus, eco-missional stewardship becomes a theological paradigm that expands the church's mission from human salvation to the reconciliation of all creation. These findings contribute to the development of a contextual and environmentally friendly theology of leadership.

This research explores the application of literary formulas in Brandon Sanderson’s novel Mistborn: The Final Empire. The research aims to identify the specific narrative formulas employed within the novel’s structure and to map the pattern by which these formulas are integrated to create its compelling narrative. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Cawelti’s literary formulas and Vogler’s stages of the journey to analyze key scenes, dialogues, passages, and plot events. Data collection involved close reading and detailed note-taking. The findings show that Mistborn integrates three formulas: adventure, mystery, and romance, into the narrative. By mapping the protagonist’s journey onto Vogler’s twelve stages, the study shows a clear pattern where the adventure formula drives the main plot, the mystery intellectually engages the reader, and the romance provides emotional depth. These findings help explain the narrative appeal of the novel and offer a useful framework for understanding how fantasy stories are structurally composed. The study demonstrates how traditional storytelling formulas can be used to create rich and engaging narratives in modern fantasy literature.

This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of social entrepreneurship within the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Sumbawa Regency during the 2020–2025 period. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using in-depth interviews, field observations, and policy document analysis. The results indicate that social entrepreneurship in Sumbawa faces several constraints, including limited access to capital, low digital literacy, and inadequate business incubation and infrastructure support. Nevertheless, significant opportunities exist through local government policies, digital transformation, and growing consumer awareness toward sustainable local products. Cultural values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), solidarity, and self-reliance serve as key social capital in strengthening community-based entrepreneurship models. The study highlights the importance of a holistic and collaborative ecosystem approach among stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of social enterprises at the local level. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for inclusive policy formulation and capacity-building strategies for social entrepreneurs across Indonesia.

Society 5.0 era, tourism villages are required to optimize social media as a strategic. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of social media, identify obstacles, and formulate a digital storytelling strategy. A combination method used with a concurrent triangulation strategy. The SOSTAC framework used to describe the marketing strategy. The research location was in Pancoh Ecotourism Village, with research objects consisting of Instagram and TikTok media content. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the head of the management and the marketing division, while secondary data consisted of documentation of social media content. Data validity was tested using triangulation. Qualitative analysis conducted by identifying digital marketing strategies and analyzing content. Quantitative analysis carried out by calculating the Engagement Rate on Instagram and TikTok to measure the effectiveness of audience interaction with narrative content. The results showed that Instagram was superior in strengthening promotional content through paid advertising, while TikTok demonstrated organic strength in human interest narratives and environmental education. Pancoh needs to develop a more balanced digital storytelling strategy, consistent content production, human resource training, utilizing social media algorithms, interaction patterns directed at two-way engagement, content distribution utilizing cross-posting techniques, scheduling uploads at prime time for young users, and placing the community as the main actor in the narrative

Advances in technology and information have given rise to digital innovations such as e-commerce and social media, which have had a major impact on the beauty industry. One popular strategy is influencer marketing, which involves utilizing public figures to influence the purchasing decisions of audiences. In addition, product quality is also an important factor that determines consumer purchasing interest. This study aims to analyze the influence of influencer marketing and product quality on consumer purchasing interest in the Dricha Skincare brand. The method used is a quantitative approach with a survey of 81 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with tests for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. 

This study aims to analyze the influence of taste, customer experience, and digital marketing on repurchase intention at Mie Ayam Panggang Demi Apa in Kediri. In the increasingly competitive culinary industry, business owners are required to maintain taste consistency, create memorable customer experiences, and optimally utilize digital platforms in their marketing strategies. These three factors are believed to play an essential role in shaping consumer behavior, particularly in encouraging repeat purchases. The research applied a quantitative survey method involving 90 respondents selected using Slovin’s formula. Respondents were customers who had made at least two purchases within the last month. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 with several statistical tests, including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The findings indicate that taste, customer experience, and digital marketing each have a positive and significant influence on repurchase intention, both partially and simultaneously. The R² value of 0.447 shows that 44.7% of the variation in repurchase intention is explained by these three variables. Therefore, it is recommended that business owners consistently maintain product quality, enhance customer experience, and optimize digital marketing to build customer loyalty and ensure long-term business sustainability.

This classroom action research evaluates the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning in learning Biology on the topic of environmental change at Rosa de Lima Catholic High School Tondano, with the aim of improving the activities and learning outcomes of grade X students. The method used is two action cycles with stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects are 10 students. Tools include Teaching Modules and Student Worksheets; Data was collected through observation sheets of teacher and student activities (scales 1–4) and 10-item learning outcome tests each cycle. The descriptive analysis calculates the grade average and classical completeness against the Minimum Completeness Criterion of 75. The results showed consistent improvement from cycle I to cycle II. Classical completeness increased from 66% (6 out of 9 students attended; average 76.67) to 90% (9 out of 10 students; average 81.00). The teacher's activity observation score increased from 3.75 to 3.91, while the student's activity from 3.50 to 3.60. The increase is fueled by the formulation of contextual problems, facilitation of guiding questions, individualized feedback, and more disciplined time management, which strengthens engagement, collaboration, and scientific reasoning. The findings indicate that Problem Based Learning is effective in improving Biology learning activities and outcomes on the topic of environmental change. This study adds to the empirical evidence in the context of high schools with low initial completeness and suggests further exploration of other Biology topics along with measurements of critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes for a more comprehensive picture of impact.