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Background​ Background LBW is still a concern for public health throughout the world and is associated with a number of short-term and long-term problems. More than 20 million births each year are estimated to be LBW, accounting for 15% to 20% of all births globally. In poor countries, the LBW birth rate is 16.5%, while in industrial countries it is 7%. Babies with low birth weight (LBW) may experience a number of problems and complications at birth. Metabolic problems, especially hypothermia, may appear in the short term. Method The research used is quantitative, information about what you want to know is examined using numerical data through a retrospective survey. Conducting a retrospective survey is one method of collecting historical data. This research uses a cross-sectional strategy. The sample for this in-depth research was all 60 mothers who gave birth at Sapta Medika Hospital. Analysis data using univariate and bivariate analysis. From the results of statistical tests it was found that p.value = 0.004 and α = 0.05, where the value of P.value (0.004) < α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal age and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) babies. ). Where the P value (0.019) < α (0.005), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) babies. Where the P.value (0.001) < α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal nutritional status and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) babies.     

This qualitative literature review explores strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) responses to subsidiary and supplier misconduct from a network perspective within multinational corporations (MNCs). The study synthesizes findings from scholarly articles to examine how MNCs manage ethical challenges across global supply chains. Key themes include proactive CSR strategies, stakeholder engagement, governance mechanisms, and the integration of digital technologies. The review underscores the importance of ethical sourcing decisions and firm-centric CSR practices in mitigating reputational risks and fostering sustainable business practices. While acknowledging regional variations and data limitations, the review identifies opportunities for future research, including longitudinal studies and the role of emerging technologies in enhancing supply chain transparency.  

The purpose of this research was to understand how the values of Hajj, as contained in the hadiths of the Prophet, were applied in the context of globalization. The research method used was a type of library research or literature study, which involved collecting, reading, noting, and processing data from various literary sources such as books, magazines, and others. The results of the research indicated that the application of Hajj values from the Prophet's hadiths in the context of globalization required awareness and a collective commitment from Muslims and all humanity. By using the values of Hajj as a foundation in human interactions and in building a more just, harmonious, and sustainable global society, we could create a better world for future generations. The Hajj values derived from the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught universal principles that were highly relevant in the context of globalization. Equality, brotherhood, peace, togetherness, solidarity, obedience, devotion, patience, sacrifice, sincerity, and honesty were values that could help humanity overcome global challenges and create a more just, peaceful, and sustainable world.

The occurrence of patient accidents is like an iceberg phenomenon. Medical errors remain a global issue in the healthcare sector. The culture of safety aims to create safer patient care, considering that Adverse Events can not only increase healthcare service costs but also bring hospitals into a blaming area. This study aims to describe the patient safety culture at Melati Perbaungan General Hospital. This descriptive study observes the implementation of patient safety culture in preventing adverse events in the inpatient department at Melati Perbaungan General Hospital using a total sampling technique with criteria including human resources in the inpatient department, such as executors, responsible persons, and department heads, totaling 65 people. The measurement of patient safety culture uses the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC) questionnaire with 12 dimensions of patient safety culture. The results show that the majority of respondents' characteristics in terms of age and length of work greatly support the creation of a patient safety culture, as most staff are in their productive age (31-40 years) and have an optimal working period (1-5 years) in performing their duties. The implementation of the patient safety culture by staff at Melati Perbaungan General Hospital is in the Positive Response category at 77.9%. This indicates that the patient safety culture has been well implemented.

This study aims to examine the role of body language in building trust in first interactions among teenagers in Bandung City. Through an ethnomethodological approach, this study analyzes various nonverbal elements such as facial expressions, hand gestures, body posture, and proxemics that influence perceptions of trust. Data was collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and video analysis.  The results show that body language plays a crucial role in establishing trust at the first interaction. A genuine smile and consistent eye contact are key indicators used by adolescents to assess trust. Open hand gestures and upright posture also contribute positively to perceptions of trust.Appropriate interpersonal distance helps create a sense of comfort and trust, while a warm tone of voice and a moderate pace of speech increase perceptions of sincerity.  Local cultural norms and the influence of global trends affect the way adolescents use body language in their interactions. Gender differences were also found, with adolescent girls being more expressive in hand gestures and facial expressions, while adolescent boys relied more on body posture and tone of voice. The study concludes that understanding and effective use of body language is key in building trust in first interactions. Practical implications of the findings include developing nonverbal communication skills in adolescent education and increasing cultural awareness in social interactions.      

In the era of globalization, financial technology (fintech) has enabled society to access financial services quickly and efficiently. However, the emergence of illegal Fintech presents risks to consumers, such as financial losses and privacy breaches. Legal protection for victims of illegal fintech practices is important to ensure the safety and rights of consumers. This study aims to identify the legal consequences of illegal P2PL Fintech and evaluate legal protection for victims in the context of the case study Decision Number 3115 K/PDT/2021. The study uses a normative juridical method by analyzing relevant legal texts, such as laws, regulations, and court decisions. The results show that the legal consequences of illegal Fintech include law enforcement actions, compensation for victims, regulatory prevention efforts, and improved consumer protection. Victims of illegal Fintech practices receive legal protection from existing regulations and law enforcement. Court decisions, such as Decision Study Number 3115 K/PDT/2021, serve as important legal precedents in addressing these illegal practices. Thus, this research provides a better understanding of consumer protection in illegal fintech practices and emphasizes the importance of strict regulations and effective law enforcement in maintaining the integrity of the fintech industry and public trust.

The term "agraria" is used in the Indonesian government administration to describe "land", both agricultural and non-agricultural land. For example, by Decree No. 26 of 1988, the National Farming Authority was established as the Director General of Agriculture of the Department of Home Affairs. Agrarian law (Agrarisch Recht) in the administrative district of the Dutch Indian government is confined to a set of legislative regulations that provide a legal basis for the rulers to implement agricultural policy. In this study, the method of normative analysis is used. Normative law research or library research is a type of research that studies documents using various secondary data such as laws. Within Indonesia there are a variety of natural resources, including fishing, mangrove forests, while the regulations that govern the Indonesian seas vary in various aspects, among others: the Persian Sea, Wiayah Sea, Continental Land, Exclusive Economic Zone, Additional Zone, Overseas Sea. In conclusion, maritime agrarian law is very important in understanding and utilizing natural resources related to land and waters. Marine natural resources play a vital role inining the balance of global ecosystems as well as providing economic benefits to communities. Within the framework of sustainable development, we are faced with the great challenge of understanding and using marine agricultural resources wisely.

Preventing violence against children is a global issue that requires serious attention from various stakeholders. This article discusses various prevention efforts undertaken in different countries to reduce incidents of violence against children. Approaches include educating and socializing communities, improving child protection systems, and enforcing stricter laws against perpetrators of violence. Case studies from several countries indicate that early education on children's rights and violence prevention, both in schools and within communities, is effective in changing behavior and raising awareness. Furthermore, collaboration between governments, NGOs, and the private sector is necessary to create safer environments for children. Despite numerous challenges, these efforts represent crucial initial steps in protecting children's rights and fostering a society more attentive to children's well-being.

Indonesia is a country with extraordinary ethnic and cultural diversity, where each ethnic group has its own unique language and traditions. This research aims to explore the interaction between language and culture in the context of ethnic minority communities in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach through literature analysis from previous research and field reports. The results show that ethnic languages play an important role in maintaining cultural identity and social cohesion among minority communities. Language is used in various cultural contexts, such as traditional rituals and religious ceremonies, as well as in everyday life to maintain cultural values. Challenges faced include the dominance of Indonesian and globalization, which reduces the use of ethnic languages among the younger generation. However, there are various revitalization efforts through education, social media and digital technology to preserve their language and culture. In conclusion, the interaction of language and culture in ethnic minority communities in Indonesia is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, requiring support from the government and educational institutions for sustainable preservation.

This study examines the role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in increasing exports with a focus on the contributions and challenges faced by MSMEs in the current context of economic globalization. The descriptive analysis method is used to identify factors that influence MSME participation in international markets. The results show that MSMEs play an important role in the expansion of a country's foreign trade, although they also face various obstacles such as access to global markets and competition with large companies. This research provides in-depth insight into the strategies needed to strengthen the contribution of MSMEs to the global economy.    

Mining is a crucial sector in the global economy, yet it faces high risks and serious potential hazards for workers. According to statistical data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the number of mining accidents in 2023 increased significantly compared to 2021 and previous years, totaling 217 incidents. Therefore, the effective implementation of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) is necessary to protect worker safety and health. The purpose of this writing is to review the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) in mining companies, covering policy establishment, K3 planning, K3 plan execution, K3 performance monitoring and evaluation, as well as review and enhancement of OHSMS performance. This review employs a Literature Study method, sourcing data and articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Based on the literature study, the analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Management System implementation reveals that, on average, mining companies have their own policies established. Regarding K3 planning, each company has its own K3 planning strategy. However, the execution of K3 plans shows varying levels of implementation across different companies. In terms of performance monitoring and evaluation, companies assess K3 performance using specific indicators and undertake necessary improvements. Finally, review and performance enhancement efforts are undertaken for continuous improvement.

Constitutionally, tax collection is regulated in Article 23A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which confirms that taxes and other coercive levies are for state needs as regulated by law. Tax regulations themselves are regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures. Tax is an official state levy on taxpayer citizens. What is meant by taxpayer is an individual or entity including taxpayers, tax holding agents and tax collectors who have tax rights and obligations in accordance with the provisions of tax laws and regulations. As time goes by and the development of economic globalization, there is a lot of potential for crimes or crimes in the economic sector committed by corporate business actors. The difficulty of holding corporations criminally liable results in many material and immaterial losses to the state. However, criminal liability in the form of strict liability can provide a solution to this problem. Where full corporate criminal liability (strict liability) states that corporations can be held criminally liable. This research uses normative research methods by taking a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data obtained in this research was through literature study by collecting data from secondary legal materials, namely primary data, secondary data and tertiary data related to the problem formulations that will be discussed in this research. Then the data obtained is analyzed and described qualitatively. The aim of this research is to determine the modus operandi of perpetrators in committing criminal acts of tax evasion based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures and to find out how criminal law is applied to corporations for criminal acts of tax evasion based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures.

Economic recovery amidst global challenges requires the right strategy and innovation so that the economic sector can recover optimally. This article analyzes various strategies and innovations implemented in activity programs to improve the performance of the economic sector. This study uses a descriptive analytical approach by examining several programs and activities that have been implemented in various countries. The results of the analysis show the importance of adaptation strategies, technological innovation and collaboration between stakeholders in accelerating post-crisis economic recovery. These findings provide guidance for governments, companies and related institutions to design and implement effective and sustainable economic recovery programs.    

Preventing violence against children is a global issue that requires serious attention from various stakeholders. This article discusses various prevention efforts undertaken in different countries to reduce incidents of violence against children. Approaches include educating and socializing communities, improving child protection systems, and enforcing stricter laws against perpetrators of violence. Case studies from several countries indicate that early education on children's rights and violence prevention, both in schools and within communities, is effective in changing behavior and raising awareness. Furthermore, collaboration between governments, NGOs, and the private sector is necessary to create safer environments for children. Despite numerous challenges, these efforts represent crucial initial steps in protecting children's rights and fostering a society more attentive to children's well-being

This study aims to analyze the role of Social Studies (IPS) in transmitting citizenship values to high school students. In the context of globalization and rapid social changes, citizenship education through IPS is considered essential for strengthening national identity and instilling democratic values and social responsibility. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis. The research sample consists of 10 IPS teachers and 20 high school students in city X, selected through purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation in the form of descriptive narratives, tables, or diagrams, and conclusion drawing with data triangulation. The results show that 78% of students who study IPS have a better understanding of their rights and obligations as citizens compared to students who do not study IPS. Interviewed teachers stated that IPS not only teaches history and geography but also the values of democracy, tolerance, and social justice. This study confirms that IPS is a crucial tool in building knowledgeable and active citizens. These findings support the citizenship education theories of John Dewey, Albert Bandura, and the constructivist theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Overall, IPS is effective in shaping the character and citizenship identity of students, preparing them to become positive agents of change in society  

Generation tends to be more interested in foreign cultures than their own national culture, especially among students. Many foreign cultures have entered and flourished among the community, particularly the younger generation. This situation threatens and endangers national identity if left unchecked. A national identity crisis can occur, especially among the younger generation, particularly students, who are highly susceptible to the influences of globalization. Therefore, there is a need for awareness to preserve cultural values as national identity is increasingly fading. Additionally, there is a necessity for methods or actions to enhance the awareness of the younger generation, especially students, towards national identity while also considering the advancements in science, technology (IPTEK) in today's era.    

The issue of plastic waste in Indonesia has reached alarming levels with annual production reaching 64 million tons, the majority of which ends up in the oceans, making Indonesia the second largest contributor to global marine plastic pollution after China. Increasing awareness and reducing daily waste generation are crucial to protecting the environment from the serious impacts of plastic's slow decomposition. This research employed accidental sampling with 20 to 30 respondents to investigate the influence of green marketing and green consumerism on purchasing decisions of environmentally friendly products. Data analysis included data exploration to identify patterns and trends, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression testing to evaluate the linear relationship between independent variables (green marketing and green consumerism) and the dependent variable (purchase decision). The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that the Green Consumerism variable (X2) has a positive regression coefficient of 0.260, although it is not statistically significant (p = 0.148), suggesting that consumer adoption of environmentally friendly behavior marginally contributes to purchasing decisions of environmentally friendly products. However, the low Adjusted R Square (0.031) indicates that the model only explains approximately 3.1% of the variability in purchase decisions. Therefore, companies need to consider other factors such as price and product quality, and integrate more holistic marketing strategies to enhance consumer preference for environmentally friendly products. Further research using more sensitive analytical methods could provide deeper insights to support more effective decision-making in dynamic markets.

This work introduces a novel hybrid conjugate gradient (CG) technique for tackling unconstrained optimisation problems with improved efficiency and effectiveness. The parameter  is computed as a convex combination of the standard conjugate gradient techniques using  and . Our proposed method has shown that when using the strong Wolfe-line-search(SWC) under specific conditions, it achieves global theoretical convergence. In addition, the new hybrid CG approach has the ability to generate a search direction that moves downward with each iteration. The quantitative findings obtained by applying the recommended technique about 30 functions with varying dimensions clearly illustrate its effectiveness and potential.    

Constitution comes from the English Contitution, or the Dutch Contitute, which means basic law. The meaning of constitution in constitutional practice can generally mean that first it is broader than basic law because the meaning of basic law only includes written constitutions in cases still there is an unwritten constitution that is not included in the constitution. Both have the same meaning as the constitution because they only contain written rules. The role of the constitution and the 1945 Constitution in the context of the modern era. The constitution is a document that regulates the structure of government, individual rights, and the relationship between the government and the people. The 1945 Constitution as the Indonesian constitution has a long history and has undergone various changes in adapting to current developments. This article will also discuss the implications of the 1945 Constitution in facing modern challenges such as technology, human rights and globalization. Constitutional research methodology involves a multidisciplinary approach that combines legal, historical, and sociopolitical perspectives. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of constitutional principles and their implications in modern times. The study of constitutional law often involves analysis of legal texts, historical context, legal interpretation, and social impact to gain a holistic view of constitutional provisions and their application.

Missed care (MNC) is a global health care problem that primarily incorporates elements of optimal nursing care needed by patients that are skipped or delayed by nurses. This research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach, namely research where data is collected only one observation/measurement. Objective: This research aims to determine the independent variables, namely Work Load, Education Level and Years of Work and the dependent variable, namely missed nursing care. Method: This research was carried out in the inpatient room of Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. The time for carrying out this research until data processing was carried out in March-April 2023. The respondents in this study were all inpatient nurses at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital who had met the inclusion criteria, totaling 44 respondents using total sampling techniques. The analysis is Univariate Analysis and Bivariate Analysis with statistical testing using the chi-square test. The data collection process was carried out by researchers using a questionnaire. Results: 17 respondents (38.6%) with missed nursing care in the high category. Vocational education level (D3) 26 respondents (59.1%), working period ≤ 3 years 9 respondents (20.5%) and heavy workload 20 respondents (45.5%). Conclusion: that there is a significant relationship between level of education, length of service and workload with the incidence of missed nursing care in the inpatient ward of Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital.