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Rizal Bobihu; Weny Almoravid Dungga; Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson

Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum dan Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Land is very beneficial for human life and is a gift from God Almighty. Human life and land are closely intertwined. Humans need a piece of land not only to survive but also to die. As a result, land scarcity is increasingly appearing, even though the need for land is increasing. For human existence, land is an essential component. This is due to population growth which increases every year in direct proportion to the need for land. A number of strategies are used by the community to manage, own, and even trigger land conflicts. This shows that land also has rights, has social purposes, and that the public interest overrides private interests in its use. All land rights have social uses, according to Article 6 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agricultural Regulations or UUPA. A grant is the gift of an item to someone where the giver is still alive. This study aims to determine the legal status of land that has been donated and then resold and what are the legal consequences arising from the land that has been granted and then resold, in Putiana Village, Orchid District, North Gorontalo Regency in a review of Law Number 5 of 1960. Based on the results of the research it is understood that the withdrawal of gift items according to the Civil Code is regulated in article 1688 which reads that a grant cannot be revoked and therefore cannot be revoked, except in 3 cases, namely if the grantee's conditions are not fulfilled by the recipient of the grant, if the person the person who was given the grant is guilty of committing or participating in an attempt to kill or some other crime against the donor himself, and if the grantor falls into poverty while the one who was given the gift refuses to provide for him. If the recipient of the grant refuses to provide a living or allowance to the grantor, after that the grantor falls into poverty. With the withdrawal or elimination of this gift, all kinds of items that have been donated must be returned to the grantor in a clean condition of the burdens attached to the item. The legal consequence of the decision to cancel a grant that has permanent legal force is that the object of the dispute, namely land, will return to the grantor and their rights. If the object of the dispute has been certified on behalf of the recipient of the grant, then with this decision the certificate becomes null and void.

Dwi Kasih Maharani Taib; Nur Mohamad Kasim; Sri Nanang Meiske Kamba

Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum dan Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The aim of this research is to find out the juridical review and legal consequences for the distribution of inheritance to adopted children regardless of the position of the main heir. The method used is empirical juridical research with primary data obtained in the field and secondary data through literature studies and related regulations. The results of this study indicate that based on article 171 letter (c) KHI who becomes an heir must have a blood relationship with the heir, not being hindered by law to become an heir and article 209 paragraph (2) KHI for adopted children who do not receive a will is given a mandatory will 1/3 of the heir's inheritance. However, the facts on the ground are not in accordance with the provisions above, in fact the heir gives more inheritance to the adopted child than the main heir on the grounds that groups 2, 3, and 4 do not object, then the second heir states that the adopted child is older than his biological child. This reduces and closes the share of legal heirs. In adopting a child, it is done in the best interest of the child based on local customs and applicable laws and regulations. This fulfills the elements of article 39 paragraph (1) and article 171 letter (h) KHI. There are three legal consequences of the distribution of inheritance to adopted children, namely: 1) The distribution of inheritance has not been fulfilled in Article 209 paragraph (2) KHI 2) The rights and obligations have been fulfilled for adopted children according to Article 171 letter (h) KHI. However, the adopted child is constrained in terms of legitieme portie cannot sue the position of the main heir 3) Lineage relations, the adoptive parents have severed the lineage relationship of the adopted child with his biological parents where he uses the surname of his adoptive father. This contradicts QS-Al Ahzab: 4 and 5 and does not fulfill article 39 paragraph (2).

Salfa Mei Dianawati; Lilis Sulandari; Sri Handajani; Niken Purwidiani

Journal of Creative Student Research 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Shift work is a system for organizing human resource activities in a particular industry with the aim that the human resources in it can work according to a predetermined schedule. Main kitchen is the main kitchen section that handles a variety of sauces, stocks, and various main courses. This study aims to analyze the application of employee work shifts in the main kitchen of Best Western Papilio Hotel Surabaya. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was done by field observation, interview with 1 sous chef, and giving questionnaires to 7 employees in the main kitchen. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively.The results showed: 1) The implementation of employee work shit in the main kitchen of Best Western Papilio Hotel Surabaya is in accordance with established company regulations and government regulations. The application in the main kitchen of Best Western Papilio Hotel Surabaya includes: working for 8 hours a day with a maximum break time of 1 hour; there is a difference in work limits between permanent and daily contract employees so that in making schedules it is always done in the middle of the month and the beginning of the month so that there is a regularity of schedules; there are 3 work shifts namely morning, afternoon and night with a pattern of 5 working days 1 day off in one week.

Sofyan Abdi; Fikri Nurfadillah; Khofifah Az; Nadia Nadra Kamila; Salma Hulwa Akifah +4 more

Jurnal Ventilator: Jurnal riset ilmu kesehatan dan Keperawatan 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Discipline is something related to someone's control of various forms of regulation. The purpose of this research is to direct students so that they learn about good things as a preparation for the future, when they are very dependent on self-discipline. This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. With a large number of samples ± there are 51 UHAMKA students in the teaching and education faculties of the 2019/2020 academic year. The research instrument used a questionnaire or questionnaire and library literature in the form of journals and books. And this validity approach is tested using construct validity and for this reliability approach using internal consistent reliability testing. The procedure for taking this sample was carried out by systematic random sampling. And the data collection was used by distributing questionnaires which were distributed via Google Formular to students analyzing data for variable and reliable testing using IBM SPSS 26. And using a one-sample t-test statistic. The results showed that: there were 33 students (78%) who had a very high level of discipline. There are 16 students (56-77%) who have a moderate level of discipline. There are 2 students (55%) who have a low level of discipline. Based on the explanation above, it can be said that the level of student discipline is included in the high category. This result is the possibility that students choose good answers or indeed good discipline. Based on the data above, the high level of student discipline shows that students at FKIP Uhamka have good obedience, obedience, and order. This is in line with Susanto's statement (2018) that discipline is influenced by factors including: students following and obeying applicable regulations, self-awareness, educational tools, punishment, exemplary attitude, disciplinary environment, and disciplinary training. However, there are still students who adhere to a low level of discipline (55%). This can be spread by the background of the students themselves who are less disciplined about the rules applied by the university and because there is no awareness about the importance discipline.

Chusnul Maulidina Hidayat; Irwan Susanto; Maliana Puspa Arum; Selin Lestari Br Karo; Ahmad Fahreza

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The rapid technological developments also have an impact on the financial industry in Indonesia. Financial service providers issue a variety of products to support their business activities and also to serve consumers who use their product services. One of the products they offer to consumers is Fintech. The Fintech innovations offered include Peer to Peer Lending (P2PL), crowdfunding, Payment Gateways, and risk and investment management. From these technological developments, new challenges arise for financial service supervisors and the government to monitor these practices in order to create an environment that is not detrimental between financial service providers and consumers. This study aims to explore the role of existing legal regulations in Indonesia in dealing with technological developments in the financial sector. The research was conducted by means of descriptive analysis and collecting review literature studies to compare and analyze consumer protection in the development of Fintech. The results of this study indicate the need for supervision by financial supervisory institutions in practice to oversee the activities carried out by financial service providers in offering their products to consumers, so that there are no violations that can harm consumers.

I Gusti Agung Wisnu Satria Wangsa; I Gusti Ngurah Dharma Laksana

JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Indonesia is known as a state of law that has regulated various protections of ideas in the form of innovation and creativity that have various economic values ​​through many laws and regulations related to Intellectual Property Rights. This is very necessary because as we know Indonesia has enormous potential in the creative industry and abundant natural resources. The rapid development of the creative industry in Indonesia greatly contributes to the country's economic growth. Where it can be seen from year to year there are always updates and additions to the number of creative products both from young people and community groups engaged in entrepreneurship. The existence of UMKM and their policies have been implemented and used through several laws and regulations, in the context of developing the business climate, including Law No. improve the expertise and position and institutions of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the national economy. Various aspects and actions of the government covering many things in terms of production, marketing and branding are carried out so that MSMEs are able to compete in the national and international realm. economy through many laws and regulations related to Intellectual Property Rights. This is very necessary because as we know Indonesia has enormous potential in the creative industry and abundant natural resources. The rapid development of the creative industry in Indonesia greatly contributes to the country's economic growth. Where it can be seen from year to year there are always updates and additions to the number of creative products both from young people and community groups engaged in entrepreneurship. The existence of UMKM and their policies have been implemented and used through several laws and regulations, in the context of developing the business climate, including Law No. improve the expertise and position and institutions of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the national economy. Various aspects and actions of the government covering many things in terms of production, marketing and branding are carried out so that UMKM are able to compete in the national and international realm.

Raudhina Oktia Ayu; Mahaarum Kusuma Pertiwi

Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to determine the implementation of legal protection for women victims of gender-based discrimination within the State Civil Apparatus and submissions to adopt the use of ILO Convention Framework 111 and ILO Convention 190. The formulation of the proposed problem is: How is the effectiveness of salatiga city government regulations and policies in preventing and overcoming gender discrimination experienced by female ASNs in salatiga city government work units and policies that should be taken by salatiga city government in preventing and tackling gender discrimination experienced by female asns. This research includes a typology of normative legal research supported by empirical data. Research data were collected through literature studies, document studies and interviews. The analysis of this study is carried out normatively empirically. The results of this study show that all policies related to Gender Mainstreaming are made for gender-responsive activities eliminate Employment and Job discrimination and violence and harassment in the w. Regarding the effectiveness of the regulations made by the Salatiga City Government, it has not been effective because there are still cases of discrimination and still tries to apply the regulations made to solve cases in Salatiga City. For policies that can further adopt ILO Convention 111 and ILO Convention 190 to implement rules that further orld of work. Of course, it is aligned with the hierarchy of regulations in Indonesia to be held in autonomous regions.

Ibrahim Ibrahim; Muhammad Arkan; Dea Patricia Yuke; Zulkipli Zulkipli

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 2023 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This article discusses the evaluation of student learning outcomes in educational institutions. This type of research is a literature study with the characteristics that the research deals directly with text/scripts or numbers, the data is ready-to-use, library data is generally a secondary source and the process is not limited by space and time. The results obtained show that the evaluation of student learning outcomes in educational institutions is an important matter to be carried out and regulated in order to achieve the objectives of existing education. Implementation of the 2013 curriculum, must refer to the process and evaluation of learning outcomes according to existing guidelines. The problem that arises is that teachers feel that the new regulations regarding the assessment system are very complex, because they use a variety of different assessment tools to evaluate learning outcomes. Teacher competence must be increased and must be able to adjust to the implementation rules of the 2013 curriculum.   

Koko Heru Satmoko; Achmad Djunaedi; Fitri Nugraheni

Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Tunneling construction is important to get more attention because considering the magnitude of the risks from this work such as the instability of the carrying capacity of the soil around the construction which can cause collapse during dredging or installation of tunneling walls, or and other problems such as lack of oxygen intake for workers who are carrying out tunneling excavations , the presence of toxic and flammable gases, or falling objects that can result in minor accidents or even death. The purpose of this study is to make a visual assessment through certain media (photos/videos) that can be done quickly regarding the existing conditions of the environment/work, whether the work carried out meets work safety standards, work safety regulations and so on. Rapid assessment can assume that what happened in the field at that time was a reflection of previous work. From the results of the study there were 58 variables which were divided into 4 main variables which were assessed based on the WBS and 26 photos of the environment of the Manikin Dam Tunneling development project taken from several sides. Calculations were made using the results of data from 6 informants, resulting in a P(H | Ecomb) value of 0.932 or a probability of 93.2%, which means that the tunnel work according to the 6 informants was carried out safely. The final value obtained from the analysis is almost close to 1 and all the results of the analysis from the 6 informants are more than 67%.

Nurul Aina Syahira

Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Elaboration of information regarding differences in bridge loading regulations, especially bridge loading on superstructures between RSNI T 02 2005 and SNI 1725 2016 regulations really needs to be done considering there are still many engineers who don't know and haven't upgraded. Changes to these regulations are based on scientific developments and environmental conditions that continue to change from time to time. The elaboration of the differences in these regulations is carried out to make the engineer aware that the changes that occur must be highly considered and evaluated in order to create a civil building that is strong, sturdy and safe for users.frame and shrinkage, traffic loads, D loads, additional fatigue loads, changes in the calculation of wind and earthquake loads.

Ida Ayu Kumara Devi; Putu Nomy Yasintha; I Putu Dharmanu Yudharta

Jurnal Akuntan Publik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The FishGo application is a navigation-based android application using remote sensing sensor technology that is processed with a certain algorithm so that it can provide information on potential fish areas and the best route for traditional fishermen to catch fish. The Patriot Tool (Detecting Fish Catching Areas Using the Internet of Things System) is a development of an application in the form of a fish finder tool to more accurately detect underwater fish biomass. The research objective is to determine the success of patriot service innovation through the FishGo application as an effort to improve the welfare of fishermen in Badung Regency. The research method is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The research analysis uses the theory of innovation success factors put forward by Bugge, et al which consists of 6 indicators: Governance and innovation, Sources of ideas for innovation, Innovation culture, Capabilities and tools, Objective, outcomes, drivers and trouble, and Collecting innovation data for single innovation. The results of this study are that the implementation of innovation has achieved good results on the source of innovation ideas including internal and external, a culture of innovation by showing good changes to fishermen, cooperation in developing innovation and socialization activities that are intensively carried out to fishermen, the results felt by fishermen experience catch increase. However, innovation governance is still not optimal, there are no basic regulations such as regional regulations and SOPs governing innovation, Human Resources capabilities still need to be added to the fields of electronics, IT and mapping, goals that have not been fully achieved from those that have been set. and there are still external and internal obstacles in its implementation.

Hindun Siva Afriani; Muhamad Rizal; Sari Usih Natari

Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum dan Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Contract work in construction is one of the common forms of work performed in the construction industry. In contract work, workers are hired to complete construction projects within a specified timeframe and agreed-upon cost. However, there are often cases where contract workers experience delays or wage payment postponements. The research aims to analyze the legal protection for contract workers in the construction industry concerning delayed wage payments. In Indonesia, there are labor regulations that govern the rights and obligations of workers, including wage payments. If there is a delay in wage payment, workers have the right to file a lawsuit or report the violation to the authorities. This research adopts a qualitative research method, analyzing data and gathering information from various sources. Legal protection plays a crucial role in safeguarding workers. Some relevant legal roles include employment agreements, which enable workers to enter into contractual agreements with employers that protect their rights.

Fatmawati Wahab; Darmawati Darmawati; Hijrah Lahalling

JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research is intended to examine and analyze the implementation of the fulfillment of children's rights in dealing with the law in the assimilation process. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative type with a normative method approach. Data collection techniques are carried out using review literature originating from statutory regulations, official records or treatises related to the discussion of a law. In addition, data collection was also carried out from several previous studies. The results of the study show that the current implementation is already under way but not yet fully in accordance with the principles of child protection. In addition, the fulfillment of the assimilation right given to correctional students should prioritize the provision of assimilation in the form of educational activities outside the fostering institution. This is so that children can adapt to the school environment when they finish serving their sentence.    

Nurlaelah Nurlaelah; Gery Cristyo Dalim; Siti Hajrah Salatun

Proceeding. of The International Conference on Business and Economics 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

A control environment is crucial to preventing businesses at the Makassar Tax Office from committing fraud. Due to its collection of state funds and access to private taxpayer data, including financial and personal identification, it is susceptible to fraud. This study assesses the various elements of the control environment at the Makassar Intermediate Tax Service Office using the COSO Internal Control Framework, 2021 edition. A case study and a qualitative descriptive method are both used in this research. There are 85 workers in this tax office. Semi-structured interviews with twenty informants from different departments were used to gather primary data. Literature reviews, reports, regulations, and internet sources were used to gather secondary data. The use of theme analysis is one of the novel ideas in this study. 37 themes were the outcome, and these served as measurements to assess if the environmental control components were appropriate. The Makassar Intermediate Tax Service Office possesses 28 out of 37 measures, as indicated by the research findings. The findings show that working hours violations are a component of "The organisation demonstrates commitment to integrity and ethical values." The Indonesian Financial Audit Agency's research indicates that for components to function independently, an internal compliance unit is necessary.      

Chinta. M. J. Ndolu; Stefanus Don Rade

Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Transportation according to Purwosutjipto is a reciprocal agreement between the carrier and the sender, in which the carrier binds himself to handle the safe transportation of goods and/or people from one place to a certain destination, while the sender binds himself to pay the freight. Meanwhile, the definition of carrier's responsibility is the obligation of the air transport company to compensate for losses suffered by passengers and/or freight forwarders as well as third parties. Responsibility can be known from the obligations that have been stipulated in the agreement or law. The obligation of transportation is to organize the transportationThis study aims to examine the legal relationship between airlines and passengers, as well as to determine the company's responsibility to passengers in the event of damage to goods. The method used in this research is normative method. The results of the study show that the legal relationship between the Air Transport Company and the passengers is a legal relationship which is a periodic agreement, namely an agreement with conditions that are carried out only for a certain time and for a certain action. Airline companies must be ready to be responsible to consumers who use air transportation services in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, namely Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation and regulated more specifically in Ministerial Regulation Number 77 of 2011 concerning Air Transport Responsibilities.

Moh. Rizal Muhaimin; Andika Hasta Pramayudha; Sumriyah Sumriyah

Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This legal research is Legal Protection for shareholders who experience loss of share ownership. The problem in this study is how the form of legal protection for shareholders in terms of related laws. This legal research is taken from a normative juridical approach which is a research by examining all laws and regulations related to the problem. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. The end of this legal research is to answer the form of legal protection for shareholders who lose their share ownership. Keywords: Shares, Legal Protection, Loss of Share Certificate Ownership.

Siti Januhairiyah Hasyim; Desy Sofiana

Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The purpose of writing this article is to compare the arrangements for the crime of incest under the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Malaysian Penal Code Act. The comparison includes the similarities, differences and advantages and disadvantages of each of these laws and regulations. The sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. The data collections uses literature study techniques and data analysis. Based on a comparison of the arrangements for the crime of incest under the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Malaysian Penal Code Act, there are several similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages of each of these arrangements. So from this comparison we can find several advantages of the Malaysian Penal Code Act, there are several similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages of each of these arrangements. So from this comparison we can find several advantages of the Malaysian Penal Code Act regulations regarding the crime of incest which can be input for the renewal of Indonesian Criminal Code regulations. That way, the regulation of incest crimes in Indonesia will be better.

Aid Pramudya Husain; Mutia Cherawaty Thalib; Dolot Alhasni Bakung

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the application of Article 1320 of the Civil Code regarding the bonded bondage system to clove farmers as local wisdom in preventing the occurrence of problems that arise because of the clove bonded agreement and to find out the obstacles faced in the application of article 1320 of the civil code to the bonded system. On Clove Farmers in Kaidundu Village as Local Wisdom. Research Using this type of normative-empirical research. By using several approaches, namely: statutory approach (statue approach), case approach (case approach). The results of this study indicate that: First, the clove bonded bondage system in Kaidundu Village is a custom or habit that was born and developed in the Kaidundu Village community since the last decades, the agreement system by means of bonded bondage involves sellers (farmers) and buyers (middlemen). . However, based on the law in force in article 1320 it is stated that, that the legal requirements for an agreement are agreement, competence, a certain matter and a lawful cause. However, in reality in society not all parties understand and understand what an agreement is considered. So that researchers can conclude that the bondage system in Kaidundu Village is a habit that has been passed down from generation to generation, but the community must understand and know that there are rules governing this bondage system. Second, the obstacles faced by the people of Kaidundu Village, especially those involved in the case of the Clove ijon system, several obstacle factors faced, namely: Legal factors, where there is no agreement or agreement that binds both parties, both the seller (farmer) and buyer (middleman). And there are no regulations in the form of Perdes (Village Regulations) which regulate the existence of the clove bondage system. The ijon system agreement is only based on trust.

Ahmad Yunus; Moh. Jeweherul Kalamiah

Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The circulation of narcotics and illegal drugs in Indonesia has disturbed the majority of the public, and almost every day the media shows arrests of illicit traffic of narcotics and other criminal acts. In carrying out their duties as law enforcers the police are guided by the code of ethics as a guideline for daily implementation. Regulations related to the police code of ethics can be seen from Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police, Regulations of the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2006 and Number 7 of 2006 Each of them is binding on the implementation of the police's daily duties. This study analyzes law enforcement by the police in Narcotics Crimes committed by members of the National Police and criminal sanctions against members of the National Police who commit Narcotics Crimes. This study uses a normative juridical type, namely by carrying out legal research by looking at the laws and regulations related to Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. After the research material is obtained and collected, the material is then processed and analyzed with legal arguments based on deductive-inductive (general-specific) legal logic. The author can conclude that cases of narcotics settlement carried out by the police are the same as that of the community in general, namely through general courts.

Indi Nuroini

Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to clearly describe the regulation of regulations that examine changes in the Employment Copyright Act, the legal consequences that can be caused to companies if they do not provide severance pay at the time of Termination of Employment and Government Regulation no. 35 of 2021. This type of research uses a normative juridical research model. Based on the Employment Act, a person who has retired, his rights and severance pay must be paid in accordance with the mandate of Article 156 paragraph (1). The results of this study are 1). based on several legal provisions as mentioned above, we can conclude that the retirement age in 2022 is at the age of 58 (fifty eight) years, 2). the current regulation regarding layoffs does not have to go through the determination of the Industrial Relations Court (PHI), the Company only needs to inform the workers of the intent and reason for the layoffs. If the worker refuses to be laid off, the worker can propose bipartite negotiations to the company and if a meeting point does not occur, mediation can be carried out, up to a settlement at the PHI, 3). different arrangements between the Manpower Act and the Job Creation Act. Among them is the amount of entitlement to severance pay. In the Manpower Act, a person who retires gets a severance pay amount of 2x (twice) the provisions of Article 156. While in the Employment Act it is 1.75 (one point seventy-five) from Articles 156, 4). criminal law provisions in the Copyright Act, if the employer does not provide severance pay in accordance with applicable legal provisions to workers who have been laid off due to entering retirement age. This is not regulated in the manpower law which is more civil in nature in terms of resolving disputes over layoffs.