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Contemporary Islamic law faces complex challenges in responding to rapid social change while maintaining fidelity to authoritative religious texts. This article examines the tension and interaction between textual authority (the Quran, Sunnah, ijma’, and qiyas) and the dynamics of modern socio-cultural, political, and technological developments. Using qualitative library research, this study analyzes classical and contemporary Islamic legal thought, including maqaṣid al-shariah, ijtihad, and contextual interpretation. The findings indicate that Islamic law possesses inherent flexibility through its methodological tools, enabling adaptation without undermining its normative foundations. However, challenges arise from rigid textualism, politicization of Islamic law, and epistemological gaps between tradition and modernity. This study concludes that a balanced approach integrating textual fidelity and contextual responsiveness is essential for the relevance of Islamic law in contemporary society.

This study analyzes the construction of Catholic identity in the digital era from the perspective of social constructivism theory. In contrast to traditional identity formation tied to physical spaces like parishes, the digital age has created a dynamic virtual space where Catholic identity is actively shaped through theological narratives on social media. This qualitative research employs critical discourse analysis (CDA) of digital narratives from various theological sources, including papal posts and content from lay Catholic influencers. The findings indicate that Catholic identity is now constructed through digital interaction and participation, which changes how the faithful perceive church authority, form communities, and express their faith. This process has led to a shift from hierarchical authority to an authority that is also built from the ground up by the participation of the laity. Additionally, Catholic communities are transcending geographical boundaries to become "digital parishes." The implication for Inter-Faith Studies is that understanding this digitally constructed self-identity is crucial before engaging in dialogue with other religions, as the resulting narratives can be either inclusive or exclusive. In conclusion, contemporary Catholic identity is a dynamic and constructed entity, woven from both offline and online experiences.

This research focuses on comprehensive analysis of the crucial role of English proficiency as a vital instrument in enhancing the holistic communication competence of English Literature students amdist the dynamics of globalization. Utilizing a literature study research method trough a systematic review of various scholarly references, academic journals, and empirical findings, this study evaluates interaction barries such as limited vocabulary, syntatic complexity, and psychological constraints including low self confidence. The findjngs demonstrate that proficient language mastery is directly proportional to the improvement of critical literary work analysis and active participation in broader academic discourse. Furthermore, this study confirms that the implementation of interactive active learning methodologies such as role playing, thematic debates, and collaborative presentations integrated with cutting edge technology acts as a primary catalyst. These strategies not only mitigate communicative barriers but also substantially enhance self directed learning efficiency and career readiness in multilingual professional environment. Ultimately, this research offers a new theoretical contribution to higher education curriculum roadmaps that are more adaptive, responsive, and outcome oriented for learners domestically and internationally. Through this approach, educational institutions are expected to produce competitive graduates ready to face the dynamic challenges of the rapidly evolving global stage.

The rapid development of communication technology in the digital era has had a significant impact on people's interaction patterns. One of the important aspects in this case is its influence on communication behavior, both in social, economic, and political life. The Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) which was passed in Indonesia in 2008, acts as a regulation to regulate the use of communication technology, especially in cyberspace, with the aim of protecting the public from misuse of technology such as defamation, fraud, and hate speech. This research aims to analyze how the influence of the ITE Law on changes in community interaction patterns in digital space, both positively and negatively. Research results show that although the ITE Law provides a clear legal framework, there are challenges in its implementation that have the potential to hinder freedom of opinion and change the way people interact online. On the other hand, this regulation also spurs the public to be more careful and responsible in communicating through digital platforms.  

The advancement of social media platforms, especially TikTok, has drastically changed the behavioral patterns and lifestyles of Generation Z. One psychological impact of intensive social media use is Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which is the worry of missing out on news, trends, or viral social activities. This study aims to reveal how FoMO affects the lifestyle of Generation Z active on TikTok, focusing on aspects of mental health, shopping habits, and the balance of social interactions. This research uses a literature study approach with a qualitative descriptive method, through in-depth analysis of 21 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025. The findings show that FoMO is associated with increased anxiety, depression, personal dissatisfaction, and excessive social media use among Generation Z. Furthermore, FoMO also drives impulsive consumption patterns and purchases triggered by online trends as well as the desire for social approval. On the other hand, internal factors such as self-confidence and self-control ability have proven to reduce the level of FoMO and its negative effects. This study concludes that FoMO is a complex phenomenon that impacts the mental health and lifestyle of Generation Z, thus requiring measures such as increasing digital literacy, strengthening self-control, and using social media wisely to reduce the negative impacts of FoMO in the long term.

Workplace microaggressions represent subtle and ambiguous forms of interpersonal mistreatment that are frequently normalized in organizational interactions, yet may generate significant psychological consequences for employees. While research in industrial and organizational psychology has extensively examined related constructs such as workplace incivility and ostracism, the linguistic mechanisms through which microaggressions operate remain underexplored. This study aims to systematically review Indonesian-language journal articles published between 2015 and 2025 that address workplace microaggressions and related phenomena, by conceptualizing microaggressions as speech acts. Using a systematic literature review approach guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, relevant peer-reviewed articles were identified, screened, and analyzed through thematic synthesis. The review focuses on three main aspects: linguistic forms of microaggressions, contexts in which they emerge, and their psychological consequences in formal organizational settings, including companies and educational institutions. The findings indicate that workplace microaggressions are predominantly realized through indirect and ambiguous communicative practices, such as dismissive remarks, stereotypical humor, and interactional exclusion, often occurring within hierarchical relationships and formal work situations. These communicative acts are consistently associated with negative psychological outcomes, including stress, emotional exhaustion, reduced wellbeing, and withdrawal-related work attitudes. By integrating industrial-organizational psychology with linguistic-pragmatic perspectives, this review highlights language as a central mechanism through which microaggressions produce psychological harm at work. The study contributes a conceptual synthesis that underscores the importance of addressing everyday communicative practices in organizational interventions aimed at fostering psychological safety and employee wellbeing.

Mental health among Generation Z university students has become an increasingly important issue amid rising academic demands and the rapid development of digital life. Students today face various academic pressures, including competition for achievement, heavy coursework, and performance targets, which may negatively affect their psychological well-being. In addition, advances in digital technology have reshaped students’ daily lives, particularly through intensified information exposure and social comparison. This study aims to examine the influence of academic competition and digital dynamics on the mental health of Generation Z students using a literature review approach. The research employs a descriptive qualitative literature review method by analyzing 20 relevant scholarly articles published in national and international journals between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that academic competition is closely associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion among students. Prolonged academic pressure without adequate psychological support may lead to a decline in students’ psychological well-being. Furthermore, digital life reinforces psychological pressure through mechanisms of social comparison and self-presentation demands. However, several studies also identify protective factors, such as social support, mental health literacy, and emotional regulation skills, which help students manage academic and digital pressures more adaptively. Therefore, the mental health of Generation Z students is shaped by a complex interaction between academic competition and digital life, highlighting the need for comprehensive efforts from both individuals and educational institutions to promote students’ psychological well-being.

This study aims to analyze consumer purchasing behavior on e-commerce platforms using the Decision Tree algorithm as an easily interpretable classification method. The dataset used consists of 12,330 transaction records with 18 attributes representing visitor characteristics and user activities during interactions with the e-commerce platform. The research stages include data exploration to identify initial patterns, data preprocessing to handle missing values and class imbalance, splitting the data into training and testing sets, training the Decision Tree model, evaluating model performance, and visualizing the tree structure to analyze decision rules.The test results show that the Decision Tree model with a maximum depth of 3 achieves fairly good performance, with an average accuracy of 89.78%, precision of 69.82%, recall of 59.95%, and an F1-score of 64.51% for the buyer class. The visualization of the decision tree provides clear interpretation of the main attributes influencing purchasing decisions, thereby facilitating understanding for non-technical decision makers. Overall, this study demonstrates that the Decision Tree method is effective in modeling consumer purchasing behavior in e-commerce and can be utilized as a basis for data-driven business decision making, particularly in marketing strategies and improving sales conversion rates.

The low level of interest and motivation among elementary school students in learning mathematics, particularly in plane geometry topics, remains a common problem. This community service activity aimed to improve students’ interest and understanding of plane geometry concepts through the implementation of the Inspiration Class as an educational medium that connects mathematical material with students’ aspirations. The activity was conducted at SDN 056024 Dogang, Langkat Regency, involving sixth-grade students. The implementation method employed a participatory and educational approach consisting of preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The activities included the delivery of plane geometry material, interactive discussions, and a creative project in the form of a “dream tree” using origami shaped into plane figures. The evaluation was performed qualitatively by observing student engagement and interactions in question-and-answer sessions, and analysis of students’ work. The results showed that the Inspiration Class created a more active and enjoyable learning atmosphere, increased student participation, and helped students better understand the concepts and properties of plane figures. In addition, this activity motivated students by linking mathematics learning with future aspirations and professions. Therefore, the Inspiration Class can be considered an effective alternative educational medium for teaching mathematics at the elementary school level.

Artistic creativity is an essential aspect of child development, contributing to imagination, fine motor skills, and self-confidence. However, limited access to art-based activities and excessive gadget use have reduced opportunities for children to develop creativity, particularly in rural areas such as Dogang Village, Langkat Regency. This community service program aimed to enhance children’s artistic creativity through the socialization of bracelet-making using paracord as a form of simple and practical non-formal education. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving children who participated in the activity. The socialization process included the introduction of tools and materials, demonstrations of basic knotting techniques, and hands-on practice with direct assistance. The results indicated that participants were able to master several basic techniques, including simple knots, braided patterns, and double (cobra) knots, which contributed to improved creativity, precision, social interaction, and self-confidence. In addition to its educational impact, the bracelets produced demonstrated economic potential, with an affordable selling price starting from Rp.5,000 per unit. Therefore, this activity not only supports the development of children’s artistic creativity but also provides opportunities for sustainable micro-enterprise development within the local community.

The English Fun Tales program is a community service activity aimed at improving children's English literacy through the use of picture books. This activity was carried out at Rumah Belajar Jadi Mulya, Salatiga, which serves as a non-formal learning center for children from the surrounding area. The background of this program stems from the limited access of children in the area to attractive, interactive, and developmentally appropriate English learning resources. The implementation method includes: (1) providing English picture books selected according to the children's language ability and age; (2) guided shared reading activities; (3) simple discussions about story content to train comprehension; and (4) creative activities such as drawing story characters, role-playing, or story retelling. This approach is designed to combine cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, so that children not only understand vocabulary and language structure but also develop imagination, self-confidence, and reading interest. The implementation results show an increase in reading interest, expansion of English vocabulary, and children's courage in expressing themselves orally. In addition, social interaction among participants becomes more positive through collaborative activities. This program is expected to serve as a model for English literacy learning based on picture books that can be replicated in other learning communities with local context adjustments.

This study examines the social realities of Iranian society, often misrepresented in international media that focus on politics, conflict, or conservatism. Using a sociological and humanistic perspective, it highlights everyday practices of courtesy, social norms, and traditions. The taarof ritual a unique form of politeness is discussed as a vivid example of how Iranians foster social harmony, respect guests, and demonstrate solidarity. The article also considers the impact of formal and customary law on social behavior, alongside the interplay between tradition and modernity in urban and rural contexts. Field observations and literature review suggest that Iranian society maintains high levels of courtesy and social cohesion, challenging common stereotypes. This research aims to enrich cross-cultural understanding and provide a more nuanced view of social life in Iran.

This study aims to describe the implementation of innovative learning strategies through the Game-Based Learning (GBL) model to enhance the active participation of tenth-grade students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at MA Hasyimiyah. The research is motivated by the prevalence of conventional teacher-centered learning, which results in low student engagement and enthusiasm. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, the research subjects included tenth-grade students at MA Hasyimiyah and Field Experience Practice (PPL) students as key informants who conducted the lessons directly. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with PPL students, and documentation gathered during a one-month PPL period. The results indicate that the application of the GBL model utilizing digital media such as Quizizz, Wordwall, Zep Quiz, and Spinner, as well as manual media like question-and-answer cards, significantly increased learning motivation, classroom interaction, and active participation. This improvement was evidenced by students' increased confidence in expressing opinions and intensive involvement in group discussions. Although challenges such as limited infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and restricted student device access were identified, these obstacles were effectively overcome through adaptive strategies by PPL students, who modified digital games into manual formats. This study confirms that innovative and adaptive learning strategies play a crucial role in enhancing student participation levels, particularly within the context of schools with limited facilities.

This study examines junior high school students’ digital morality (digital akhlak) through an analysis of Islamic Education (PAI) textbooks, focusing on the prevention of ghibah, slander/misinformation, and hate speech. The study is grounded in the growing intensity of adolescents’ online interactions, which heightens ethical risks such as online backbiting, the spread of unverified information (hoax), and degrading expressions that may harm social cohesion. The study aims to describe how the textbook represents values and prohibitions related to these issues, to analyze instructional presentation (narratives, religious evidence, learning activities, and assessments), and to assess the alignment of textbook content with a digital morality framework that contextualizes Islamic moral values for online environments. Using a library research design and content analysis of the PAI textbook as the primary document, the discussion is strengthened by recent Indonesian journal literature on digital literacy, Islamic communication ethics, and moral education for digital natives. The findings indicate that the textbook provides a strong basis for preventing ghibah through clear definitions, scriptural reinforcement, and affective messages about safeguarding others’ dignity; it addresses slander/misinformation primarily through operational tabayyun skills, including source and content verification and contextual checking; meanwhile, the prevention of hate speech is present implicitly through prohibitions against insulting, mocking, and prejudging, yet requires more explicit enrichment via contextual cases and ethical response strategies for students as bystanders. Overall, the textbook has substantial potential to foster students’ digital morality when supported by consistent classroom habituation and contextual pedagogy.  

The phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has emerged as a significant psychosocial factor influencing the consumption behavior of Generation Z in the social media era. This study aims to explore how FoMO shapes the purchasing decisions of Generation Z using a qualitative approach, focusing on subjective experiences, digital social pressures, and interactions with viral content. A descriptive-interpretative qualitative method was employed, collecting data through in-depth interviews and observations of social media activity among Generation Z respondents actively engaged in digital platforms. Thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns of FoMO experiences and their impact on purchasing decisions. Findings reveal that FoMO arises from the need for social connection, social comparison with peers and influencers, and intensive exposure to digital trends. This phenomenon drives consumptive behaviors, particularly impulsive purchases, influenced by social validation and emotional impulses. Generation Z’s purchasing decisions are contextual, multidimensional, and not entirely rational, yet meaningful within the framework of digital social identity. The study underscores the necessity of a qualitative approach to comprehensively understand the psychological, social, and cultural complexities of FoMO and consumer behavior. The results provide a conceptual foundation for ethical and relevant marketing strategies targeting young consumers in the digital era.  

This study examines the effectiveness of the Jakarta Evolution (JakEVO) program in the implementation of online-based licensing services in South Jakarta, specifically for public transportation route licensing. The program was initiated as part of a public service reform effort aimed at improving accessibility, efficiency, and transparency in the licensing administration process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies, involving both the implementing officials at the South Jakarta UP PMPTSP and the public as service users. The findings indicate that JakEVO has positively contributed to the ease and flexibility of the licensing process, particularly in reducing the need for face-to-face interactions. However, its implementation has not yet been fully optimized due to several challenges, including limited program socialization, low digital literacy among the public, technical disruptions in the application system, and human resource capacity that is not fully adaptive to digital transformation. Additionally, the program's evaluation mechanism remains descriptive and lacks comprehensive quantitative performance indicators.

This study examines the seismic performance of slender Air Traffic Control (ATC) towers in high‑hazard regions (PGA > 0.4g), where vertical taper, torsional eccentricity, and top‑heavy cab mass can significantly increase drift, base shear, and collapse risk relative to conventional buildings. Existing studies often rely on linear procedures and outdated provisions, leading to underestimation of nonlinear behaviour and limited guidance for ATC towers designed to SNI 1726:2019. The research aims to quantify these irregularity effects and formulate design recommendations that satisfy Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, and Collapse Prevention performance targets. The methodology couples response spectrum analysis, using a site‑specific Padang spectrum consistent with SNI 1726:2019 and ASCE 7‑16, with nonlinear pushover analysis interpreted through FEMA/ATC performance‑based criteria. A parametric study is performed on three cab configurations small, medium, and large modelled as 5%, 15%, and 25% mass ratios at the tower head, while keeping a 10 m × 10 m hybrid core–frame shaft constant. Results indicate that larger cab mass produces systematic but moderate increases in global displacement, story drift, and base shear, while plastic hinges localize primarily in the upper stories and cab‑support region, yielding performance levels from Immediate Occupancy to Collapse Prevention. Overall, the tower meets code drift limits and acceptable performance if local strengthening is provided around the shaft–cab interface, offering a calibrated reference for top‑heavy ATC tower design in Indonesian high‑seismic settings and identifying priorities for future time‑history and soil–structure interaction studies.

Male reproductive performance serves as a foundational metric for predicting the reproductive quality traits of progeny. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between semen quality in Etawa Grade (PE) and Boer bucks and non-genetic factors, specifically age and season. The research utilised secondary data on fresh semen production collected from 2018 to 2022. Quality parameters evaluated included ejaculate volume and individual sperm motility. Data were obtained from the Central Java Artificial Insemination Center and analysed using the Statistical Analysis System On Demand for Academics to determine the interactive effects of age and season on fresh semen production. The results indicated that bucks in the younger age category tended to produce higher semen volumes compared to other age groups. In conclusion, there is a general interaction between age and season on the semen quality of PE and Boer bucks. The interaction observed in fresh semen volume and motility was significantly influenced by individual age differences and seasonal factors based on rainfall levels. Further research is warranted to investigate these interactions across additional macroscopic and microscopic parameters.

This study discusses the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in Grade VII of MTs Cerdas Murni, with a focus on its definition, steps, and advantages and disadvantages. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data used consist of primary data obtained through interviews and direct observation, as well as secondary data from books and journals. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Data validity is tested using lingering techniques, triangulation, and negative cases. The results show that TPS is an effective cooperative learning strategy to increase student interaction and engagement. The steps in TPS include the stages of think, pair, and share. The advantage of this strategy is that it increases overall student participation, because each student is actively involved. However, the disadvantage is that it requires a relatively longer time to implement. Teachers have implemented TPS effectively, from greetings and prayers to build morals, to explaining prayer etiquette and dhikr, which enhance students' understanding, cooperation, and courage. TPS is suitable for material that requires in-depth understanding but needs to be adapted to the students' circumstances, such as using mixed methods for practical materials. Another advantage is increased student courage and critical thinking, despite challenges related to student readiness and facilities.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior commonly experienced by adolescents and has significant impacts on both physical and mental health. Schools, as primary social environments for teenagers, often become settings where bullying occurs. Several factors contribute to this behavior, particularly peer influence, family roles, and social media use. This study aimed to analyze factors related to bullying behavior among adolescents in a junior high school, including respondent characteristics, peer influence, family roles, and social media usage, as well as their relationships with bullying behavior. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 71 eighth-grade students as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant relationships between peer factors (p=0.003), family roles (p<0.001), and social media use (p=0.001) with bullying behavior. A large proportion of respondents reported high social media usage (45.1%) and low family involvement (45.1%), while more than half (53.5%) were categorized as being at risk of engaging in bullying behavior. These findings indicate that adolescents are strongly influenced by their social environment, both offline and online. Negative peer interactions and limited family supervision can increase the likelihood of bullying behavior. In conclusion, peer factors, family roles, and social media use are significantly associated with bullying among adolescents. Therefore, collaboration between families, schools, and communities is essential through psychosocial assessments, increased family involvement, and character education programs to prevent and reduce bullying behavior.