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The development of information technology that is booming in Indonesia makes a lot of people interested in using gadgets, especially among school-age children. The existence of positive and negative impacts caused by the use of gadgets becomes a warning to always be vigilant in using gadgets. The study was motivated by a desire to find out whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with diet, whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with memory, and whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with their physical activity. By using a quantitative correlation approach that seeks to ascertain the degree of relationship between variables. Random sample selection with the number of samples used as many as 62 fifth graders from SDN Kludan were selected to participate in this study. The data were collected using smartphone addiction index-short version (SAS-SV), semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Digit span test, and Physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C).  The results of the study explain that there is a significant relationship between exposure to gadgets with diet evidenced by the significant value of 0.000<0.05, and there is no significant relationship between exposure to gadgets with memory and physical activity with significant values of 0.124>0.05 and 0.157>0.05.

Pendidik memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar dalam membentuk generasi penerus bangsa. Di Indonesia, tantangan dunia pendidikan masih sangat kompleks, mulai dari rendahnya kualitas lulusan, lemahnya karakter, hingga maraknya kasus kekerasan dalam pendidikan. Amsal 22:6 memberikan dasar teologis bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha membimbing anak sesuai jalan yang benar agar tetap bertahan hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran pendidik dalam mengoptimalkan potensi peserta didik di SMP Nasional Plus BPK Penabur Bogor dengan perspektif Alkitabiah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus melalui wawancara daring dengan siswa, guru, dan orang tua, serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab pendidik bukan hanya mentransfer pengetahuan, tetapi juga membentuk karakter, mengembangkan bakat, dan menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif. Optimalisasi dilakukan melalui kurikulum berbasis Kristiani, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta pembiasaan karakter. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya sinergi antara pendidik, orang tua, dan sekolah dalam membentuk generasi yang berkarakter, beriman, dan berkompetensi.

Maintaining health is important for every individual, because by maintaining health, it can prevent susceptibility to disease. One important effort to get used to is maintaining hand and mouth hygiene. Washing hands with soap is the process of removing dirt and dust from both hands using water and soap, which can prevent various diseases such as diarrhea and ARI. While brushing teeth is the process of cleaning teeth from food residue stuck in the teeth and oral cavity, the benefit of getting used to brushing teeth is to prevent tooth decay. The importance of awareness about personal hygiene must be instilled from an early age, starting from this, KKN University Karimun students, and then conducted socialization activities at State Elementary School 004 and State Elementary School 007, Belat District. This socialization activity used simple lecture methods, direct practice, educational games, and audio-visual media. From the results of the socialization activities that have been carried out, it has been successful in providing an understanding of the importance of maintaining personal hygiene through washing hands and brushing teeth. With the education that has been provided, it is hoped that it can have a positive impact on student behavior in maintaining personal hygiene.

This study examines methods of religious and moral development for early childhood at Witri 1 Kindergarten in Bengkulu City. The main objective of this study is to understand how teachers instill religious and moral values through learning activities that are integrated with children's daily lives. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results show that religious values are developed through the habit of praying, greeting others, and simple worship practices appropriate to the children's stage of development. Meanwhile, moral values are developed through the habit of polite behavior, honesty, cooperation, and responsibility in learning and playing activities. Teachers act as role models by setting positive examples and utilizing storytelling, singing, and educational games to reinforce children's understanding. The study concludes that habituation, role modeling, and contextual activities are effective strategies in shaping the religious and moral development of early childhood. The conducive learning environment at TKWitri 1 supports the development of religious and moral character in children from an early age.

This research explores self-confidence in early childhood, focusing on children aged 5–6 years at TK Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantara. Self-confidence is recognized as an essential part of affective development, influencing personality formation, social-emotional competence, and readiness to face life’s challenges. The study applied a descriptive quantitative design with five children from group B as participants. Data collection was carried out through observation using structured assessment instruments to identify indicators of self-confidence, such as performing in front of others, leading simple tasks, expressing opinions, and engaging in role-play activities. Findings showed that all subjects obtained an average score of 4, categorized as Very Well Developed (BSB). These results indicate that the children displayed strong belief in themselves, decision-making ability, and emotional stability when interacting with others. The study further highlights the significant contribution of teachers and parents in nurturing children’s confidence by providing guidance, encouragement, recognition, and creative learning strategies, including role-play and artistic activities. Consequently, building self-confidence from an early stage is a critical foundation for ensuring children’s success academically and socially.

Maintaining health is important for every individual, because by maintaining health, it can prevent susceptibility to disease. One important effort to get used to is maintaining hand and mouth hygiene. Washing hands with soap is the process of removing dirt and dust from both hands using water and soap, which can prevent various diseases such as diarrhea and ARI. While brushing teeth is the process of cleaning teeth from food residue stuck in the teeth and oral cavity, the benefit of getting used to brushing teeth is to prevent tooth decay. The importance of awareness about personal hygiene must be instilled from an early age, starting from this, KKN University Karimun students, and then conducted socialization activities at State Elementary School 004 and State Elementary School 007, Belat District. This socialization activity used simple lecture methods, direct practice, educational games, and audio-visual media. From the results of the socialization activities that have been carried out, it has been successful in providing an understanding of the importance of maintaining personal hygiene through washing hands and brushing teeth. With the education that has been provided, it is hoped that it can have a positive impact on student behavior in maintaining personal hygiene.

Background: According to the 2020 Ministry of Health Profile, fever accounts for 7.3% of infant deaths in Indonesia. Fever is a common complaint in children, with 20–40% of parents reporting their child's illness each year. Approximately 19–30% of patients visiting doctors are children, and fever is one of the primary complaints. If not treated promptly, fever can lead to complications such as seizures and decreased consciousness. Fever management can be done through pharmacological (antipyretic, NSAID, diazepam) or non-pharmacological measures, one of which is by applying compresses. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of dry warm compresses and water tepid sponge compresses on reducing body temperature in pediatric patients at Pati Islamic Hospital. Method: Quantitative research with a quasi-experimental two-group pre–post test design using a purposive sampling technique. Results: The application of water tepid sponge compresses showed a significant decrease in temperature with an average difference of 1.2°C, while dry warm compresses only reduced the temperature by a difference of 0.2°C. Conclusion: Water tepid sponge compresses are more effective than dry warm compresses in reducing body temperature in children with fever at Pati Islamic Hospital.

Background: Half of the 75 million children in Indonesia suffer from dental caries, and the number continues to rise each year. Caries is a disease that involves the enamel, dentin, and pulp of the tooth. If left untreated, it can reach the pulp and cause tooth necrosis. Pulpectomy is a dental procedure that involves removing the entire pulp tissue of deciduous teeth to access the infected root canal. This procedure is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Post-pulpectomy restoration is essential to ensure the optimal function of the tooth and prevent further damage to the remaining tooth structure. The restoration must have adequate retention, minimal leakage, and not increase the risk of further damage to the remaining tooth structure. Methodology: This study is a qualitative research in the form of a literature review using secondary data collected in August 2024 from five main databases: PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, Garuda (Garba Rujukan Digital), and Taylor & Francis. The collected data were then sorted to identify articles relevant to the research criteria. Results and Discussion: Based on the Prisma Diagram Flow, 343 articles were identified from the five databases, which were then filtered down to five articles that met the criteria to be the primary articles in this literature review. The results show that there are various types of post-pulpectomy restorations tailored to the diagnosis and clinical indications of the treated teeth. Conclusion: There are two commonly used types of post-pulpectomy restorations, namely restorations made of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Stainless Steel Crowns (SSC). Both of these restorations can be modified into space maintainers, which are essential in preserving space for the future growth of permanent teeth while improving the function of the treated tooth.

A parenting seminar on maternal and child mental health organized by KPM UI Bunga Bangsa Cirebon students in Pegagan Village is a form of community service aimed at raising awareness and understanding of the importance of mental health in parenting. The limited knowledge of mental health issues in rural communities, coupled with high levels of stress experienced by parents, often negatively impacts parenting practices. This has the potential to hinder optimal child development, both physically, psychologically, and socially. Therefore, this activity was designed with a participatory approach, where the community is not merely an object but is also involved from the beginning of the planning process. This process includes coordination with village officials, seminars, and monitoring and evaluation stages, so that the community feels ownership and plays an active role in the program. The seminar featured speakers from psychology and legal academics who explained the relationship between parental mental health and fulfilling legal obligations to protect children's rights. The material presented emphasized how parental stress and emotions can affect child development, as well as the importance of parents' ability to manage the pressures of everyday life. Participants gained an understanding of strategies for maintaining mental health, including good time management, building open communication within the family environment, and strengthening social support as an emotional support system. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' awareness of the importance of mental health not only as an individual need, but also as a moral, social, and legal responsibility in creating a healthy, safe, and resilient family environment. Therefore, this parenting seminar can be seen as an effective educational strategy, not only strengthening parents' capacity to raise children but also building sustainable local support networks for the well-being of families and communities.

Animation has transcended its traditional association with children’s entertainment and emerged as a dynamic global medium that resonates with audiences across age groups. Beyond its role as a form of visual amusement, animation demonstrates significant potential in conveying meaningful narratives and creating emotional engagement through carefully crafted aesthetic experiences. A central element in the animation process is character design, where the combination of shape, color, and expression not only determines visual appeal but also functions as a medium for reflecting personality and emotional depth. This study aims to investigate the relationship between personal interests and personality traits in shaping visual preferences toward animation illustrations among children and adults. Through a literature review, the research highlights how individual interests—deeply influenced by developmental needs, social environment, and past experiences—play a crucial role in guiding aesthetic choices. Findings suggest that children are typically drawn to characters with simplified forms, bright and saturated colors, and exaggerated expressions that facilitate recognition, comprehension, and emotional connection. Conversely, adults tend to prefer more complex designs, incorporating nuanced emotional cues, realistic proportions, and layered symbolism that align with mature cognitive and emotional processing. The comparison underscores the importance of audience segmentation in animation design, particularly in creating characters that are not only visually engaging but also resonate with psychological and emotional expectations. By recognizing and addressing the distinct preferences of different age groups, animators and illustrators can develop content that is more contextually relevant, immersive, and capable of fostering long-term audience attachment. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that effective animation character design extends beyond technical artistry; it requires a deep understanding of human psychology, cultural influences, and the evolving nature of visual engagement across the lifespan.

The practice of surrogacy in Indonesia is growing despite the absence of clear legal regulations, creating uncertainty in the protection of surrogates, children, and those who use surrogacy services. Although several countries have regulations governing this practice, Indonesia still faces a legal vacuum that leaves many parties vulnerable to exploitation. This study aims to analyze aspects of legal protection, reproductive rights, children's interests, and women's dignity in the context of surrogacy in Indonesia, with the aim of formulating a more adaptive and equitable regulatory framework. The method used in this study is a normative juridical approach, with analysis using AMOS-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of relevant legal documents and existing scientific literature. This research involves an analysis of existing regulations, cases related to surrogacy, and the opinions of legal experts and the public. The results show significant differences in legal protection between surrogates and children involved in surrogacy practices. Furthermore, there is uncertainty regarding the status of children born through surrogacy practices, which impacts their rights, particularly in terms of legal recognition and access to their human rights. This study also emphasizes that protecting women's reproductive rights and maintaining their dignity must be an integral part of surrogacy regulations. Clear and comprehensive regulations have been shown to improve protection for surrogates, children, and other related parties, as well as prevent potential exploitation. The implications of this study are the importance of establishing legislation specifically governing surrogacy practices in Indonesia, where such policies must focus on justice, child rights protection, and gender equality.

This study aims to identify and analyze the denotative and connotative meanings in an alternative universe (AU) entitled Throw.back by @Matchacioya uploaded on social media X. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative with semantic theory as the basis of analysis. Semantic theory is used to explore how the meaning of a word or phrase is formed both literally (denotative) and in a social and emotional context (connotative). The research data was obtained through the free-spirited conversational listening method, which allows researchers to understand and identify the words or phrases used in the AU. After the data was collected, the analysis was carried out using the distribution method, with the direct element division technique and the lesap technique. The direct element division technique is used to dissect the literal meaning of the word or phrase, while the lesap technique is used to understand the hidden meaning, namely the meaning formed due to the influence of the context and the emotional experiences of the characters in the AU. The results of the study show that the denotative meaning reflects the literal meaning of the word or phrase, such as the word "kabur" which refers to a physical event in the story. Meanwhile, connotative meaning is deeper and reflects a more complex emotional interpretation, such as in the phrase "lost direction" which describes the character's emotional confusion. The importance of connotative meaning is also reflected in the use of symbolism and metaphor in the work. Phrases such as "becoming a shadow" or "trapped in time" not only refer to physical or temporal states, but also describe the character's inner conflict and search for identity. This research confirms that language plays a crucial role as a communication tool that helps build interactions between characters in literary works, especially in AU that is developing on social media.

The " Toddler Family Class " program provided an opportunity for parents to actively engage in learning about the importance of appropriate parenting for toddlers. Recognizing the critical window of early childhood, the program focused on equipping parents with the knowledge and tools to promote their children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. Parenting practices in early childhood significantly influence a child’s future academic success, emotional well-being, and ability to form healthy relationships. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that parents are well-informed about the best approaches to child-rearing during these formative years. The interactive discussions offered parents a platform to share their personal experiences, concerns, and challenges regarding parenting. Case studies presented real-life scenarios that allowed participants to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. This approach facilitated a deeper understanding of the various parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic parenting, and their respective effects on child behavior and development. Furthermore, the program emphasized the importance of nurturing a secure attachment between parents and toddlers. Participants were introduced to strategies that encourage positive reinforcement, empathy, and effective communication with their children. These strategies are key to fostering a supportive and loving environment in which children can thrive emotionally and socially. The collaborative nature of the program also helped to build a supportive network among parents. They were encouraged to form lasting relationships that could provide ongoing mutual support in their parenting journey. This communal learning environment reinforced the importance of family-centered child development practices, ensuring that parents felt empowered to make informed decisions that would benefit their children’s long-term growth and well-being.

The phenomenon of online gambling and human trafficking crimes that afflict children is a serious problem in Papua, especially among teenagers who are vulnerable to falling into it due to a lack of understanding of the law and weak social control. The lack of access to correct information and low legal literacy make them more easily influenced by irresponsible parties. Therefore, this community service aims to provide practical legal education through the establishment of an Anti-Online Gambling and Trafficking in Persons Law Clinic to students of Al Ihsan Yapis Kotaraja Junior High School. The service method is carried out in a participatory manner by actively involving students in various activities. Activities include interactive legal counseling delivered in simple language, discussions about real cases relevant to the daily lives of teenagers, and simulations of handling legal problems. With this approach, participants not only gain theoretical knowledge, but also practical experience in recognizing and dealing with legal problems that they have the potential to face in the surrounding environment. The results of the service showed an increase in participants' understanding of the legal consequences of online gambling and child trafficking. In addition, students demonstrate a higher critical awareness of the risks that may occur, as well as skills in recognizing signs of suspicious behavior that lead to criminal acts.

Mengajarkan etika dan moral kepada anak sejak dini sangat penting untuk membentuk karakter mereka agar menjadi individu yang jujur, bertanggung jawab, dan peduli terhadap orang lain. Anak-anak belajar melalui lingkungan sekitar mereka, baik di rumah, sekolah, maupun dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, orang tua dan guru perlu menggunakan strategi kreatif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai etika dan moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi literatur untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber tentang pendidikan etika dan moral pada anak. Beberapa strategi efektif yang dapat digunakan antara lain memberikan keteladanan, membiasakan anak dengan perilaku baik, menggunakan cerita untuk mengajarkan nilai moral, serta melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan interaktif dan teknologi. Dengan pendekatan yang tepat, anak-anak dapat memahami perbedaan antara perilaku baik dan buruk, serta membangun sikap yang sesuai dengan norma sosial. Harapannya, mereka akan tumbuh menjadi individu yang berintegritas, bertanggung jawab, dan memiliki kepedulian terhadap sesama. Teaching ethics and morals to children from an early age is essential to shape their character to become honest, responsible, and caring individuals for others. Children learn through their environment, whether at home, school, or in everyday social interactions. Therefore, parents and teachers need to use creative strategies to instill ethical and moral values. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study to analyze various sources about ethical and moral education in children. Some effective strategies that can be used include setting an example, accustoming children to good behavior, using stories to teach moral values, and involving children in interactive and technological activities. With the right approach, children can understand the difference between good and bad behavior, as well as build attitudes that conform to social norms. The hope is that they will grow into individuals with integrity, responsibility, and concern for others.  

Pendidikan karakter menjadi fondasi yang sangat penting dalam membentuk kepribadian anak usia dini. Masa ini, yang sering disebut sebagai periode emas perkembangan anak, merupakan waktu yang ideal untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai moral dan etika melalui pendidikan yang terintegrasi dalam lingkungan keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang berlandaskan studi literatur untuk menganalisis pentingnya pendidikan karakter serta metode yang tepat dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter perlu melibatkan tiga aspek utama: moral knowing (pengetahuan moral), moral feeling (perasaan moral), dan moral doing (tindakan moral). Selain itu, pendidikan ini harus didukung oleh nilai-nilai religius, kejujuran, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreativitas, dan kemandirian. Dengan pendidikan karakter yang konsisten dan kontekstual, anak diharapkan dapat tumbuh menjadi individu yang bermoral, memiliki integritas, dan mampu memberikan kontribusi positif bagi masyarakat.

Pendidikan abad ke-21 menuntut adanya pengembangan kognitif sebagai bagian integral dari proses pembelajaran. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik penghayat Sapta Darma Kelas 5 di SDN  Samban 2 Kabupaten Semarang, melalui penerapan media puzzle simbol pribadi manusia. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama dua siklus. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini yaitu media belajar puzzle Simbol Pribadi Manusia, sedangkan kemampuan kognitif sebagai variabel terikatnya. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang penggunaan puzzle simbol pribadi manusia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik, khususnya dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan YME dan Budi Pekerti. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen penilaian observasi kemampuan kognitif, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif meliputi koleksi data, reduksi data, penyajian data yang bersifat naratif dan verifikasi data dengan penarikan kesimpulan yang digunakan untuk menentukan peningkatan kemampuan anak dalam memahami dan menjelaskan makna, warna serta bentuk pada simbol pribadi manusia menggunakan permainan puzzle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik. Siklus I memperoleh persentase 33% dengan nilai rata-rata 62 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 100% dengan nilai rata-rata 82,5. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran puzzle Simbol Pribadi Manusia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik.

The phenomenon of increasing sexual violence crimes committed by children in Indonesia poses a dilemma for law enforcement. Children as perpetrators are legally responsible subjects, but they still require special protection. This study analyzes the dualism in the regulations of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice Sistem (UU SPPA) and Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. A normative and empirical legal approach is used to assess the substance, philosophy, and implementation of both laws. The results indicate inconsistencies in the application of restorative justice principles (diversion) and repressive sanctions. It is recommended that regulations be harmonized and the capacity of law enforcement officials be strengthened to achieve a fair and recovery-oriented sistem.

Exposure to food advertising, particularly UPF (Ultra-Processed Food), not only impacts children's short-term food choices but also influences the formation of long-term unhealthy eating habits. Several studies have found that advertising's influence on children is not only direct but is also reinforced by environmental factors such as family eating habits, peer influence, and food accessibility at home and school. For example, children who regularly watch television unsupervised or who have personal devices with internet access are more likely to be exposed to UPF advertising, which is typically designed with bold colors, cartoon characters, and memorable slogans. This makes children more susceptible to influence and develop preferences for the promoted foods. Furthermore, UPF advertising often features emotional messages or positive associations such as fun, friendship, and rewards, further strengthening its appeal to children. When these advertisements are repeatedly exposed, children can internalize these messages and make them part of their eating experience. In the long term, this risks causing children to associate unhealthy foods with comfort or happiness, which can trigger emotional eating and increase the potential for eating disorders and the risk of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to involve various stakeholders, including parents, educators, industry players, and policymakers, in building a healthy eating environment. Media literacy education for children is also a crucial step in equipping them to be more critical of advertising messages. Strict regulations on food marketing aimed at children, such as banning UPF advertising during children's broadcast hours, regulating the use of cartoon characters, and providing clear and easy-to-understand nutrition labeling, are important strategies to reduce the negative impact of UPF advertising on children's health in the long term.

Status gizi merupakan ukuran keberhasilan untuk memenuhi nutrisi kebutuhan pada anak yang dutunjukkan melalui capaian berat badan terhadap umur. Status gizi balita sangat signifikasi sebagai titik tolak kapasitas fisik saat usia dewasa. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh dari peninjauan langsung lapangan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah dirancang sebelumnya untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu tentang status gizi pada balita di desa telaga sari kecamatan sunggal kabupaten deli serdang  sebanyak 30 orang di dalam penelitian ini . Berdasarkan penelitian dari 30 orang yang menjadi responden  Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu tentang status gizi pada balita di desa telaga sari kecamatan sunggal kabupaten deli serdang mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 14 orang (47%) dan minoritas ibu yang berpengetahuan kurang 6 orang (20%). Berdasarkan umur mayoritas umur 20 – 35 tahun sebanyak  7 orang (23%) dan minoritas pada usia <20  tahun sebanyak 1 orang (3%), berdasarkan pendidikan mayoritas SMA sebanyak 8 orang (27%) dan minoritas pendidikan  SD sebanyak 1 orang (3%), berdasarkan pekerjaan Mayoritas yang bekerja sebanyak 8 orang (27%) dan minoritas yang tidak bekerja sebanyak 2 orang (7%). Dari penelitian ini diharapkan kepada bidan desa agar banyak  memberikan informasi melalui penyuluhan dan meningkatkan lagi pengetahuan ibu tentang status gizi pada balita sehingga anak tidak mengalami kekurangan gizi.