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This study investigated the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against various microorganisms including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Active compounds were isolated and identified from Aleppo Oak Gallnut, obtained from the Iraqi plant Quercus Infectoria L. Plant extracts were prepared using a continuous extraction apparatus, Soxhlet, with a successive solvent system based on polarity differences, including petroleum ether (60-80°C), ethanol (78°C), and hot aqueous extracts. Acid hydrolysis was performed on the raw ethanol and hot water extracts to obtain free phenolic compounds, including Gallic acid, Apigenin, Rutin, Kaempferol, Chlorogenic acid, and Caffeic acid, using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. The inhibitory activity of Aleppo Oak Gallnut extracts (Ethanol and Hot Aqueous) after acid hydrolysis was tested using four concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) against various microorganisms. The Ethanol extract exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on Enterococcus faecalis. The Hot Aqueous extract showed a modest inhibitory effect on Enterococcus faecalis. The Ethanol extract demonstrated strong inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Hot Aqueous extract at 100% and 75% showed high inhibition. The Ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus at 100%. The Hot Aqueous extract at 75% and 100%  demonstrated weaker inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The Ethanol extract demonstrated weaker inhibition against E. coli, and the Hot Aqueous extract showed no effect at 50%  and 25%, and slight inhibition at 100%  and 75%. For Candida albicans, the Ethanol extract showed minimal inhibition at all concentrations and no effect at 25%. The Aqueous extract had a slight effect at 100%  and no inhibition at 75%, 50%, and 25%.

A thesis is an original scientific paper where the author presents their ideas by referencing the views of experts. The process of writing a thesis often leads to stress among students, which can affect various aspects of life, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Stress occurs when individuals struggle to cope with threats or challenges, which can negatively impact their physical well-being (Hardjana, 1994). The factors or situations that cause stress are known as stressors, which are divided into two types: eustress and distress. Eustress is a positive form of stress that encourages individuals to confront challenges constructively, while distress is a negative form of stress that can reduce motivation, concentration, and productivity, especially during the thesis writing process. Proper stress management is crucial for students to remain productive and avoid the negative effects of stress. One effective way to cope with stress is by practicing gratitude. Gratitude helps individuals focus on the positive aspects of their lives, such as the achievements they have made, the support from friends, or assistance from professors. By practicing gratitude, students can shift their focus away from failures or difficulties they face and remain optimistic in confronting challenges. Based on interviews with several students, it was found that those who successfully manage stress tend to practice gratitude in various forms. They look for the positive side in every challenge, appreciate the support from their surrounding environment, and value each small achievement in the thesis-writing process. This approach helps them stay resilient and motivated through the challenges they face during their thesis work, allowing them to remain focused and productive despite the pressure.

This study aims to determine the extent to which mental ability influences volleyball underhand passing skills and strategies for improving them in seventh-grade students at MTs SA Atholibiyah Bumijawa. The mental abilities studied included learning motivation, concentration, and self-confidence, as all three are considered important factors in supporting sports performance. The study used an experimental survey method with a correlation approach. The sample was determined through a purposive sampling technique, meaning only students who were actively involved in volleyball learning were included as respondents. The research instruments included a questionnaire to measure students' mental ability levels and an observation sheet to assess underhand passing skill practice. Data analysis was conducted using a correlation test to identify the relationship between mental ability and underhand passing skills, and regression analysis to measure the magnitude of the effect. The results showed a significant effect of mental ability on underhand passing skills. Students with high learning motivation tend to be more enthusiastic and consistent in practicing. Good concentration enables students to control movements, maintain balance, and manage timing when passing. In addition, strong self-confidence encourages students' courage in making decisions and reduces technical errors. This results in passing skills with more accuracy, control, and optimal timing. Improving strategies that can be implemented include structured training with the use of assistive devices to enhance technique, providing motivation and positive feedback from teachers to maintain enthusiasm, and focused training such as game simulations to strengthen concentration. The findings of this study confirm that mental development plays a crucial role in learning sports skills, particularly volleyball, thereby improving both the quality of learning and student achievement.

Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) contains of flavonoids, which are beneficial for treating acne. Previous research has been conducted on peel-off gel masks made from ethanol extract of beluntas leaves. The aim of this study is to determine the variation in carbopol concentrations in the formulation of gel masks containing beluntas leaf extract, as well as to evaluate their physical stability. This research using three formulations with different carbopol concentrations: Formula I with 1% carbopol, Formula II with 1.5% carbopol, and Formula III with 2% carbopol. The physical evaluation of the beluntas leaf extract gel mask preparations included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness testing. All formulations underwent a stability test known as the cycling test (cycles 1 to 6). The results of the stability tests showed that Formulas II and III met the requirements for physical quality, whereas Formula I did not meet the viscosity and spreadability value ranges. The gel mask with the best results was Formula II with 1.5% carbopol concentration. However, based on the cycling stability test, there was an increase in viscosity and adhesiveness. Based on the cycling test results for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and spreadability, Formula II did not show significant changes.

Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This condition is generally caused by insufficient iron intake, an unbalanced diet, and increased iron requirements during growth. Anemia not only impacts physical health but also affects concentration, productivity, and quality of life. Therefore, interventions based on nutrition education and the utilization of local food sources are crucial in sustainable anemia prevention efforts. One potential complementary therapy alternative is the consumption of herbal drinks based on moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). Moringa leaves are known to be rich in iron, vitamin A, and antioxidants that play a role in red blood cell formation. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of adolescent girls in utilizing moringa leaves as a natural source of iron. The target group is grade 10 and 11 female students at SMA Sejahtera Palembang, which was held in June 2025. The activity methods included a nutrition lecture on anemia and the importance of iron, an interactive discussion on the benefits of moringa leaves, and hands-on practice in making herbal moringa drinks (such as moringa leaf tea and moringa juice). The material was delivered using a communicative and participatory approach to actively engage participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the causes of anemia, the benefits of moringa leaves, and their willingness to consume herbal drinks as a preventative measure. Most participants also expressed interest in trying to make their own moringa herbal drink at home. This activity is expected to become part of school-based promotional and preventive efforts to address anemia in adolescent girls.

Tempoyak is a traditional Indonesian fermented food made from the flesh of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.), which undergoes spontaneous fermentation driven by indigenous microorganisms. The fermentation process generally occurs under anaerobic conditions and is primarily dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including species such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus. These bacteria play a crucial role in modifying the physicochemical properties of the product, including a significant reduction in pH, an increase in the concentration of organic acids, and the formation of volatile compounds responsible for tempoyak’s distinctive aroma and overall flavor complexity. In addition to enhancing its unique sensory profile, the fermentation process also extends the shelf life and introduces probiotic potential to the final product. This study aims to observe and analyze the microbiological and chemical aspects of tempoyak fermentation and to evaluate its potential as a local functional food with health-promoting properties. Laboratory tests and microbial analyses confirmed that the fermentation process not only retains essential nutrients but also promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, provided the production conditions are hygienically maintained at all stages. The study emphasizes the importance of controlled fermentation techniques to ensure product safety and consistent quality. Furthermore, the findings reveal that tempoyak could serve as a promising probiotic-rich food that supports digestive health, contributing to the diversification of traditional Indonesian fermented foods. With its appealing flavor, cultural value, growing consumer interest, and potential health benefits, tempoyak holds significant promise for future development and commercialization, particularly in the field of functional food innovation rooted in indigenous culinary practices.

Number of vegetarians in Indonesia is rising. This increase may be attributed to improvement of people knowledge regarding health benefits of high fiber plant-based diet especially to reducing the risks of degenerative diseases. However, high fiber plant-based food especially mushroom-based food that being accepted by majority of panelists are limited to oyster and straw mushroom. Hence, the goal of this research is to get the best formula based on organoleptic and crude fiber content from Auricularia polytricha and red dragon fruit peel extract as a food for vegetarian diet. This study used experimental study with Randomized Block Design (RBC) method with two experimental factors: the concentration and volume of red dragon fruit peel extract (25 ml and 50 ml) and the proportions of wheat flour and Auricularia polytricha (30:70, 50:50, 70:30). Organoleptic test results data were analyzed using the Krusskal Wallis test and the Man-Whitney U test to test it further. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the nugget ingredient formulation on color, taste, and texture of the nuggets (p<0,05), and there was no significant effect on the aroma of the nuggets (p>0,05). The highest crude fiber content was found in nuggets with a composition of 70% Auricularia polytricha and 30% wheat flour with the addition of 50 ml red dragon fruit peel extract, which was 36.88%, and anthocyanin content of 0,99 mg/100 g. The best formula for Auricularia polytricha nuggets with the addition of red dragon fruit peel extract is J3E2 with a composition of 70% Auricularia polytricha and 30% wheat flour and the addition of 50 ml of red dragon fruit skin extract.

This study aims to evaluate the influence of Ownership Concentration and Media Exposure on Firm Value, with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) acting as a mediating variable. The research focuses on plantation sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2024 period. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select 12 companies, resulting in 48 observational data points. Data were analyzed using panel data regression with the assistance of EViews 12 software. The findings reveal that Ownership Concentration and Media Exposure significantly affect CSR. Furthermore, CSR has a positive influence on Firm Value. However, Ownership Concentration does not have a direct or indirect effect on Firm Value. Meanwhile, Media Exposure does not directly affect Firm Value, but it indirectly contributes through the mediation of CSR. These findings reinforce the role of CSR as a strategic signal in shaping market perceptions of corporate sustainability and reputation.

Methane gas detection is crucial in the oil and gas sector to enhance safety and operational efficiency. This study examines the impact of three types of gas detectors—catalytic, infrared, and ultrasonic sensors—on accuracy and response time. The research was conducted at PT PHM's onshore and offshore sites to evaluate sensor performance in operational environments. A quantitative approach with direct field observation was used. Data were collected by measuring methane gas concentrations indicated by detectors, which were then compared to standard gas concentrations. Response times were recorded when the detectors were exposed to methane concentrations of 2.5% LEL until the alarm triggered at 40% of full scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, normality test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests. The results show that the infrared detector had a response time of 2.87 seconds with an accuracy of 0.218%. The catalytic detector had a response time of 8.91 seconds and accuracy of 0.489% and the ultrasonic detector had a response time of 6.15 seconds and accuracy of 0.842%. Overall, the infrared detector demonstrated the best performance in response time and is recommended for use at PT PHM.

In the manufacturing industry, surface roughness is one of the important quality parameters in machining results, especially in the vertical milling process. This study aims to optimize the concentration of soluble oil coolant and feed rate on the surface roughness of ST 37 steel using the Taguchi method. The material used is ST 37 steel with dimensions of 10 mm × 17 mm × 50 mm, processed using a Dixon XZ7550CW vertical milling machine with a 10 mm diameter HSS endmill. Variations in the concentration of Randocut 500 coolant (3%, 5%, 10%) and feed rate (24, 40, 65 mm/min) were tested with fixed parameters such as a depth of cut of 0.5 mm and a spindle speed of 580 rpm. Surface roughness values (Ra) were measured using a surface roughness tester and analyzed using the Taguchi method and ANOVA. The results showed that a coolant concentration of 5% and a feedrate of 24 mm/min produced the lowest surface roughness (2.24 µm) with the highest S/N ratio (-7.01 dB). ANOVA analysis revealed that feed rate had the most dominant influence (62.4%) on surface roughness, followed by coolant concentration (36.8%). The optimal combination to minimize surface roughness is a concentration of 5% and a feed rate of 24 mm/min..  

Formalin is a 37% formaldehyde solution in water, commonly misused as a food preservative despite its toxicity and prohibition in food products. This study aimed to determine the presence and levels of formalin in wet noodles sold at Peunayong Market, Banda Aceh, using visible spectrophotometry. A descriptive design was applied to three randomly selected samples. Qualitative tests using multiple reagents (Schiff, Schryver, KMnO₄, and a test kit) showed negative results for formalin presence. However, quantitative analysis with Spectroquant Prove 300 revealed that all samples contained formalin levels exceeding the acceptable standard. The concentrations ranged from 0.7433 mg/L to 0.8766 mg/L, indicating that the products are unsafe for consumption. These findings underline the need for stricter monitoring and improved food safety awareness among producers and consumers in traditional markets.

Composite materials are produced by combining two or more different materials, to achieve mechanical properties superior to those of the individual components. One example of a natural fiber-based composite is the composite made from the skin fiber of the lantung wood (Artocarpus elasticus). This study aims to analyze the effect of alkali immerse durations (60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes) and fiber weight fractions (5%, 10%, and 15%) on the impact strength of the composite, using lantung wood bark fibers as the control due to their inherent mechanical strength. The experiment was conducted by varying the independent variables, such as alkali immerse duration and fiber weight fraction, and dependent variables including fiber orientation and NaOH concentration (horizontal orientation, 10%). The research method used in this research is design of experimental (DOE) method. Impact testing was performed using a Charpy impact tester, and the resulting data were analyzed quantitatively to evaluate the relationships among the variables. Although the benefits of natural fibers are well-known, there is still a lack of empirical data regarding the effects of alkali immerse duration and fiber weight fraction on the impact strength of the composites. The study purpose is to fill this gap by systematically analyzing the effects of alkali immerse duration and fiber weight fraction on the mechanical performance of lantung wood bark fiber-based composites. The research result show that a 120-minute immerse duration yields an impact value of 0.029 J/mm², while a 10% fiber weight fraction results in an impact value of 0.033 J/mm². The research contributes to the optimization of fabrication parameters, particularly in the automotive sector, such as in the production of lightweight components like rear wheel mudguard for motorcycles.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of giving specific praise in improving the learning focus of elementary school students. Learning focus is a crucial aspect in supporting students' academic success, especially at the elementary education level. This study uses a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through searching and analyzing relevant literature, including scientific journals, books, and previous research results. The analysis technique used was thematic analysis to identify patterns and synthesize the main findings. The results of the study showed that specific praise delivered appropriately, directly, and relevant to students' positive behavior proved to be more effective than general praise in increasing students' attention, concentration, and learning participation. Specific praise is also related to increased self-confidence and learning motivation. However, its effectiveness is influenced by factors such as student characteristics, teacher consistency, and learning context. This study concludes that specific praise is a simple but powerful strategy that can be applied by teachers to create a more positive and focused learning environment. This study also provides implications for learning practices and teacher training in implementing positive reinforcement effectively.

Physiological quality deterioration during storage is a major factor contributing to the reduced germination capacity of rice seeds. Revitalization treatments are therefore essential to restore seed viability and promote optimal seedling development. One promising approach involves the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from the polyamine group, such as putrescine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying concentrations and soaking durations of putrescine in improving the viability of deteriorated rice seeds. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: putrescine concentrations (0 ppm/ soaking in distilled water only, putrescine 15 ppm, putrescine 20 ppm, and putrescine 25 ppm) and soaking durations (3, 6, and 9 hours). The parameters evaluated included germination percentage and germination rate. Results indicated that treatment with 20 ppm putrescine combined with a 6-hour soaking period yielded the most significant improvement in seed viability. These findings suggest that putrescine treatment can effectively restore the physiological quality of rice seeds affected by storage-induced deterioration.

The innovations in the fashion world appears according to technological advances that always bring up new ideas. For example, ready-to-wear clothing that has several looks, one of which is streetwear. The application of burnt fabric is to combine elements of the burnt fabric technique (pembakaran kain) in ready-to-wear look streetwear, the application of the burnt fabric technique aims to create new creations and new patterns on streetwear clothing. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, observation, documentation, literature, and analysis. The results of this final project are ready-to-wear clothing with a streetwear look given variations of burnt fabric on the jacket. The making of this burnt fabric requires high concentration and accuracy. The conclusion from the application of burnt fabric is that the fabric used in the making of burnt fabric takes a big effect on the final result of the burnt fabric. If using a plastic textured cloth, it cannot be burned and produces lumps or  will melt. From taking this title, the writer hopes that it can be useful for the fashion world, inspire fashion creation, and create new opportunities in the fashion world. Suggestions for making burnt fabric on jackets, it would be better to use a pattern first so that the burnt fabric motif is organized and according to the design.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These mosquitoes act as the primary vectors carrying the dengue virus. The spread of DHF primarily occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. Mosquito control can be carried out using various methods, one of which is chemical control. However, the long-term use of chemical insecticides may lead to mosquito resistance, highlighting the need for safer alternatives to synthetic insecticides. One such alternative is the use of plant-based extracts. The butterfly pea plant (Clitoria ternatea) has shown potential as a natural larvicide due to its content of flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins, which function as antioxidants and are toxic to mosquito larvae. This study aims to determine the potential of Clitoria ternatea flower extract as a natural larvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae. The results of the effectiveness test showed that Clitoria ternatea flower extract has significant larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti larvae. Observed larval mortality at 24 hours was 22 larvae at 10% concentration, 23 larvae at 50%, and 25 larvae (100%) at 100% concentration. The LC₅₀ value obtained from the test was 36.78%, indicating the extract's potency as a natural larvicide.

The present study aims to prepare the aqueous extract of the frankincense plant and then identify the most important biologically active substances in it, and study the effect of these substances against free radicals (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and Total Antioxidant Capacity. Then the effect of extract was tested on the blood serum of Alzheimer's patients in the nursing home in Diwaniyah Governorate, where 30 people were taken. 10 of them were healthy and were considered a positive control groupG1, and 20 of them were Alzheimer's patients, where 10 of them were considered a negative control groupG2, and the other 10 Alzheimer's patients had their serum treated with the extract of frankincenseG3. The effect of the extract on malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase enzyme was tested. The current study showed that extract contains biologically active substances such as (Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins Triterpenoids, Steroids and Saponins) and these substances had an effective effect in inhibiting the radical (DPPH) where the inhibition rate reached 88% at (250mg/ml) and Total Antioxidant Capacity was (8.8*103 µmol/L) at the same concentration. That results also showed the significant rise in the concentration malonaldehyde in Alzheimer’s patients (G2, G3) when compared with G1. When the G3 was treated with the aqueous extract, a decrease in the concentration of malonaldehyde (3.23µml/l) was observed. The significant reduction in the Activity of the Acetylcholinesterase enzyme (3.97U/ml) was also observed in the (G3) as compared with(G2) (12.297U/ml). This is due to the biologically active substances in the extract, which indicates the possibility of using this extract to treat Alzheimer's patients in the future.

Flying fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) roe filaments, which are often considered as by-products, have high protein content and various essential nutrients, thus potentially increasing the nutritional value of food products. With innovation and in-depth research, this waste can be transformed into products with economic value while supporting the implementation of sustainability principles in the fisheries industry, in this case sauce as a flavoring that has become an important part of the food industry. This study aims to determine the quality of the texture and taste of chili sauce fortified with fly fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) roe filament extract and to determine the protein content and water content of chili sauce enriched with fly fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) roe filament extract. The methodology used in this study was Complete Random Design (CRD) with variations in filament powder concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) on the sensory characteristics of chili sauce, which include aroma, color, taste, and texture. The results of organoleptic tests showed that the addition of fly fish (Hirundichthys oxycephlus) egg filament extract had a significant positive impact on all sensory parameters tested. The average aroma score increased from 2.88 in the non-enriched treatment to 3.90 at the highest filament powder concentration (1.5%). In addition, the taste score also showed the most striking increase, from 2.80 to 4.33. Analysis of the water content of the chili sauce product was recorded at 79.93% according to (SNI 01-2976-2006), while the protein content reached 10.53%, indicating the potential of this product as an additional source of protein in daily consumption patterns.

Black pudding leaf plant (Graptophyllum pictum L.) is a wild plant that is often found in rural areas or intentionally planted as a medicinal plant that has chemical content such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and steroids which are known to help relieve inflammation. Black leaves have chemical content as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, accelerate the cooking of boils, mild laxative, soften the skin of the feet, soften the stool and deflate the stool. Therefore, this community service aims to provide knowledge to the community about the important properties of the Black pudding leaf plant (Graptophyllum pictum). The study was conducted at Adiwangsa University, Jambi. The research method used was an experimental study consisting of two factors, namely the type of extract and the concentration of the extract. This activity is expected to provide benefits to the community in increasing knowledge and understanding of the important properties of the black pudding plant (Graptophyllum pictum).

This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of shrimp paste extract against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) using the paper disk method. The shrimp paste was extracted using ethanol as a solvent and tested for its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth through paper disks infused with various concentrations of the extract. The results showed that the shrimp paste extract exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacterial species, with varying inhibition zone diameters depending on the concentration used. Higher antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli, indicating that shrimp paste has potential as a natural antibacterial agent, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. These findings support the utilization of fishery by-products such as shrimp paste as an eco-friendly alternative source of natural antibacterial agents.