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This study analyzes the construction and contestation of the “green development” narrative within Indonesia’s nickel downstreaming policy, particularly in the Sulawesi region. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, the study examines how the state and corporations form a discursive coalition that dominates the policy space, as well as how counter-narratives from civil society critique the social and ecological impacts of mining expansion. The findings show that the dominant narrative emphasizes energy transition and economic growth, while overlooking agrarian conflicts, pollution, and the marginalization of local communities. A crosstab analysis of five types of policy documents indicates that public involvement remains very limited, with the majority of policy formulation processes taking place without substantive participation. This condition reveals an imbalance in the deliberative structure and the exclusion of meaning within the policy process. The study concludes that the green development narrative in nickel policy has functioned as a political-economic instrument of legitimation that sacrifices ecological justice. Institutional reform is therefore required to ensure spaces for public participation and recognition of local community narratives as part of a just and sustainable energy transition.

Small-scale beef cattle farming systems play an important role in rural livelihoods in developing countries. However, comprehensive analysis that integrates the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers with resource utilization patterns is still limited. This study aims to evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and resource utilization patterns in the beef cattle business in Dolokgede Village, Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the results of the evaluation, it can determine and identify the potential for the development of livestock businesses and in this region. Quantitative descriptive research was carried out using a direct survey method on farmers through questionnaires and environmental analysis. The sample was determined by the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, resulting in 29 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers are dominated by the productive age of 31-60 years (72.41%) with the majority of elementary education (75.86%). The selection of 2-5 cattle dominates (65.52%) with the Peranakan Ongole type. The use of feed is integrated with the agricultural system through rice straw (96.55%) and corn waste (93.10%). Feed costs account for more than 60% of the total cost of production, but the R/C ratio shows a value above 1, indicating the economic viability of the business. The beef cattle business in Dolokgede Village has the potential for development through stronger plant-livestock integration, improved feed technology, and institutional support for market access and financing.

Ramadan brings significant changes in the shopping and consumption patterns of Indonesians. There is an increase in demand for various types of food and beverages, both for sahur and iftar. The purpose of this study is to map the characteristics of food and beverage purchasing and consumption patterns in a seasonal context (Ramadan): strategic implications for UMKM in the Greater Jakarta area. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with data collection techniques implemented by distributing questionnaires. Then, the questionnaire answers are summarized to obtain the frequency distribution of each item in the questionnaire. The population of this study is people domiciled in the Greater Jakarta area. The sample size was determined using the Lameshow formula, resulting in a sample of 100 respondents spread across the Greater Jakarta area. The majority of respondents, namely 92%, stated that they experienced changes in their shopping patterns during Ramadan. The type of food purchased changed (34%) was the most dominant change. The most dominant consumption purchasing decision during Ramadan was the practicality in preparing food (40%), with favorite shopping places being traditional markets (24%) and street vendors (24%). In a consumption analysis, 83% of respondents experienced changes in their consumption patterns during Ramadan, with the most dominant change being in the amount of food consumed (29%). During sahur (pre-dawn meal), respondents tended to consume vegetables (36%) and chicken (22%). Meanwhile, fried foods (38%) and rice cakes (rice cakes) were the favorite dishes for breaking the fast.

Social media is one form of technological advancement that has become an integral part of students’ lives, including university students. Its use is not limited to communication and information sharing, but it may also generate psychological effects that influence both physical and mental health. The purpose of this review is to identify and explain the psychological impacts of social media use through appropriate theoretical approaches, which serve as a foundation for discussing the research findings. This study employs a literature review method by examining various academic books and relevant scientific articles. The findings indicate that excessive use of social media has the potential to cause psychological problems among university students, such as social comparison behavior, cyberbullying, decreased sleep quality, and reduced learning productivity. These issues are influenced by several factors, including the intensity of social media use, the type of content accessed, and individuals’ ability to manage emotions and time. Furthermore, uncontrolled social media use may lead to difficulties in social relationships, increased procrastination, poor time management, and reduced self-control in using social networking platforms. Therefore, students are encouraged to develop healthier patterns of social media use to reduce the risk of psychological disturbances. This review is also expected to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the occurrence of depressive symptoms among university students.

Learning media is a tool that can be used to help students learn better and more efficiently. The media used in SMP Negeri 23 Pekanbaru is a teacher-centered picture/poster media so that students quickly get bored, and because of the limited media from the school. Most students prefer learning that involves them directly such as the element of games. The learning models used are discovery, PBL, and lecture models, and student learning activities are still lacking or less active in science learning. The purpose of this study is to develop learning media in the form of a cooperative-based snakes and ladders game with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type which aims to train student learning activities. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) by implementing the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implement, and Evaluation. Based on the validation results obtained, media experts were 94% with very feasible criteria, material experts were 92% with very feasible criteria, teachers gave a practicality assessment of 95% with very practical criteria, and students' responses were 85% with very interested criteria. This shows that the snakes and ladders media based on Teams Games Tournament (TGT) is very reasonable, very practical to use, and very interesting for students during the learning process. The results of observations on all student learning activities showed that 79% got a good interpretation.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the personality assessment tools that is often used to identify individual psychological tendencies, including in the context of higher education. In the student environment, MBTI is widely used as a means of self-introduction, adjustment of learning styles, increasing the effectiveness of group work, and career planning. This article aims to examine the relevance of the application of MBTI among students using a literature study approach. The research method used is in the form of a review of various literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, and academic articles that discuss the basic concept of MBTI, its implementation in the field of education, and critical views regarding its limitations. The results of the study show that MBTI has a fairly relevant role as a non-diagnostic instrument in helping students understand their potential, learning preferences, and social and academic interaction patterns. In addition, the appropriate use of MBTI can support improved learning quality, teamwork effectiveness, and academic counseling services. However, a number of literature highlights the limitations of MBTI, especially regarding aspects of validity and reliability, so it is not recommended to be used as the sole basis for academic or psychological decision-making. Thus, MBTI remains relevant for students if used wisely, contextually, and based on a strong scientific foundation to support students' academic and personality development.

The increasing use of facial cosmetics among adolescents and young adults is not always accompanied by adequate cosmetic literacy, potentially leading to skin health problems. Many consumers choose products based on trends without understanding their skin type, ingredients, and safety aspects, which can lead to skin barrier damage, irritation, and long-term dermatological disorders. This study aims to analyze the influence of cosmetic choices on facial skin health through a literature review. The method used was a qualitative literature study with a purposive sampling technique of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 that were relevant to the behavior of adolescents and young adults and the impact of cosmetic ingredients on the skin. Data were analyzed using content analysis to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and cosmetic choices. The results show that cosmetic knowledge tends to be high, but is not always followed by appropriate selection behavior, with varying correlation strengths. These findings confirm that cosmetic literacy contributes to the tendency to choose more appropriate products, but is not the sole determining factor. Therefore, education is needed that emphasizes cognitive aspects while fostering critical attitudes in choosing cosmetics safely and responsibly.

Education is important because it provides knowledge and skills that are essential for self-development, character building, improving people's lives, and contributing to the progress of the nation and state. YouTube is a platform used by many people for entertainment and to relieve boredom. YouTube also offers a wide variety of videos and content, ranging from video blogs, entertainment videos, music, to educational videos. Pragmatics is a study that focuses more on what the speaker wants to convey through their speech, not just studying the meaning of words or phrases separately. In pragmatics, there are several terms of speech act analysis, implicature, deictics, presupposition, and politeness. In this study, the researcher analyzed the pragmatics of deictics. The research is titled “Pragmatic Deixis in the Booklist Playlist on Maudy Ayunda's YouTube Channel.” The researcher found three types of deixis, including 163 instances of personal deixis, 5 instances of place deixis, and 2 instances of time deixis. The research method used was qualitative description.

Consumers are divided into three categories: initial consumers, middle consumers, and end consumers. These three types of consumers certainly have the right to protection, but end consumers as users need to receive more attention to protection, especially in the buying and selling process. This study uses a sociolegal approach with a purposive sampling method to examine the selling process. In addition, this study also examines how protection for end consumers is implemented in LPG buying and selling activities in Balikpapan Tengah District. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of protection efforts and the impact of not implementing protection properly in Balikpapan Tengah District, a densely populated area. This study is expected to be a reference for the development of consumer protection efforts in the buying and selling of subsidized LPG, as well as providing insight into the consequences that can be received by end consumers and their handling in the future.

This research aims to analyze the quality of electronic services (E-Service Quality) on user satisfaction of the DANA digital wallet application in the West Jakarta area. The evolution of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has encouraged rapid growth in the use of digital wallets, including DANA which is recorded to have more than 200 million users by 2024. However, this rapid growth is still marred by a number of user complaints regarding system reliability, service response speed and transaction security. Therefore, this study is important to evaluate how much e-service quality dimensions influence user satisfaction levels. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an associative type of research. Data was collected through questionnaires from 100 respondents who were active users of the DANA application in the West Jakarta area using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software through validity tests, reliability tests, and simple linear regression analysis. The research results show that E-Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction of the DANA application with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.907, which means that 90.7% of the variation in user satisfaction can be explained by the E-Service Quality variable, while the remaining 9.3% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. The results of the significance test (t test) show a significance value (Sig. < 0.05) which indicates that the influence of E-Service Quality on user satisfaction has been proven to be statistically significant. The results of this study are expected to serve as evaluation material for DANA application managers in improving the quality of digital services, particularly in terms of efficiency, system reliability, security, and user responsiveness. Furthermore, this research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of studies in the field of information systems and digital service management.

The objective of this activity is to foster a spirit of entrepreneurship among students by utilizing productive land on the STT Sabda Agung campus as an educational vegetable garden. This activity is designed to engage students actively and collaboratively throughout the entire agricultural cycle, from the planning stage, land preparation, planting various types of vegetables such as water spinach, mustard greens, and spinach, maintenance, to the harvesting and marketing of the produce. The primary focus of this activity is not only on the technical aspects of farming but also on character development, fostering independence, and enhancing students’ managerial skills in managing small-scale business units. The outcomes of this initiative demonstrate a significant increase in students’ interest and understanding of agriculture-based entrepreneurship, particularly regarding the utilization of backyard spaces. In addition to providing educational value, this land optimization has successfully transformed the campus area into a productive and aesthetically pleasing green space. As a result, students now possess practical skills that can serve as a foundation for future economic independence, particularly in the service sector. Through this integration of theory and practice, it is hoped that an innovative learning ecosystem will be created to foster the emergence of competent young entrepreneurs who are environmentally conscious.

This study aims to determine the ability of students' conceptual understanding after the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on pyramid material in class VII of Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam Middle School in the 2025/2026 Academic Year. The subjects in this study were 30 students using the pre-experimental design method of one group posttest only type. Data collection techniques used in this study include tests and documentation. The data analysis technique is a quantitative descriptive analysis of all collected research data. Starting the stages carried out after learning using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model, the percentage per indicator of students' conceptual understanding was obtained with the achievement of: indicators restating the concept of 59.12% indicators providing examples and non-examples of 78.33, and problem solving indicators of 83.06%. So it can be concluded that the use of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective on the conceptual understanding ability of class VII students of Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam Middle School in the 2025/2026 Academic Year with an average percentage reaching 75.91 which is in the good category.

This study aims to describe representative speech acts in a video with the theme of in-depth learning design on the Diklat Online YouTube Channel. The background of this study is rooted in the important role of language in social interaction and the importance of speech acts as one aspect in pragmatic studies. In the realm of digital media, people see YouTube as the right platform to analyze speech acts because it is able to facilitate interactions between speakers and interlocutors through its videos. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the main data sources in the form of three podcast videos from the Diklat Online channel, August 2025 edition. Data were obtained through listening and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using the pragmatic equivalent method to classify the forms of representative speech acts. The results of the study found 33 representative speech act data divided into nine categories, namely stating (9), suggesting (3), demanding (3), showing (2), informing (8), mentioning (3), explaining (2), speculating (1), and giving examples (2). Of all, the speech act "stating" emerged as the most dominant type. The research conclusion confirms that representative speech acts have an important role in strengthening the validity of knowledge, supporting message clarity, and building a communicative, reflective, and meaningful learning atmosphere for the audience, thus making a real contribution to the effectiveness of educational communication in digital media.

The swift advancement of information technology has greatly influenced society, while also raising the threat of cybercrime. These offenses encompass the theft of social media accounts, unauthorized access to online information, and breaches of personal data security. This research intends to explore various types of cybercrime in Indonesia, the legal measures in place, and the obstacles law enforcement encounters when proving cybercrime incidents. The study adopts a qualitative method by reviewing literature, which includes laws, court rulings, academic articles, and reports from pertinent organizations. The findings reveal that even though laws like the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law establish a legal framework, there are still issues related to digital evidence, coordination between agencies, and the public's understanding of data security. Consequently, there is a need for a more thorough law enforcement approach, enhanced digital education, and collaborative efforts among the government, law enforcement agencies, and the community to effectively combat and manage cybercrime.

This study aims to determine the effect of Leverage and Investment Decisions on Profitability at PT Aneka Tambang Tbk for the 2015-2024 period, both partially and simultaneously. This research method uses quantitative with a asosiatif research type. Secondary data obtained comes from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.web.idx.com) and the PT Aneka Tambang Tbk website. The results of this study show that the Leverage variable has a t count of -3.166 > t table 2.365 with a significant value of 0.016 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that the Leverage variable (X1) has a significant effect on Profitability (Y). The Investment Decision variable has a t count of -0.673 < 2.365 and with a significance level of the Investment Decision variable of 0.522 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the Investment Decision variable (X2) does not have a significant effect on Profitability (Y). And the results of the F Test obtained an Fcount value of 6.726 > Ftable 4.737 and a significant value of 0.023 < 0.05, meaning that the Leverage and Investment Decision variables together have a significant effect on Profitability. Therefore, the Leverage (X1) and Investment Decision (X2) variables together have a significant effect on the stock price of PT Aneka Tambang Tbk.

Language is the primary tool of communication, serving to convey human ideas, feelings, and thoughts in social interaction. One important study in pragmatics is speech acts, particularly expressive speech acts, which express the speaker's psychological state thru utterances. This research focuses on analyzing the expressive speech acts found in the YouTube channel Hujan Tanda Tanya, an educational channel managed by Rousyan Fikri, also known as Hutata. The objectives of this research are (1) to describe the types of expressive speech acts found on the Hujan Tanda Tanya YouTube channel and (2) to identify the forms of these expressive speech acts. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques applied to three videos uploaded on that channel. The research results show that there are five forms of expressive speech acts, namely complaining, expressing gratitude, praising, and supporting, with a total of 25 utterance data. The most dominant form of expressive speech act is praise, as the content in this channel provides a lot of positive encouragement to its viewers. This research is beneficial for enriching the study of pragmatics, particularly in understanding the application of expressive speech acts in digital media, and serves as a reference for discourse analysis on other educational platforms.

This research explores assertive speech acts found on the Satu Persen YouTube Channel, particularly in the video titled “Strategies to Increase Productivity.” Assertive speech acts are considered significant as they serve to deliver information, clarification, and recommendations that can influence the audience’s perceptions and behaviors. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of assertive speech acts that appear and explain their functions in reinforcing educational and motivational messages. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observation and note-taking techniques. The data, taken from utterances in four purposively selected videos, were transcribed and categorized according to the types of assertive speech acts. The findings reveal a total of 194 assertive speech acts encompassing various forms, including stating, demanding, admitting, reporting, showing, mentioning, testifying, and speculating. Among these, the stating form appeared most frequently with 73 occurrences, followed by admitting, saying, and speculating. These results suggest that the creator focuses on delivering factual, logical, and structured information to facilitate audience comprehension. Overall, this study emphasizes the crucial role of assertive speech acts in conveying educational and motivational messages while demonstrating YouTube’s potential as an effective medium for academic communication and contributing to the advancement of pragmatic studies.

The rise of reflective content on YouTube underscores the need for pragmatic research that investigates not only what is said but also the effects of speech on audiences (perlocution). This study aims to analyze the speech act forms associated with perlocutionary effects on Henny Kristianus’s YouTube channel, focusing on the theme of maturity of mind, and to map observable indicators in viewers’ responses. A qualitative descriptive approach with pragmatic content analysis was employed. Data were drawn from transcripts of two videos and corresponding audience comments. The analysis identified three dimensions: (1) types of illocutions (advice, invitation, warning, empathetic assertion), (2) rhetorical/multimodal devices (metaphor, personal narrative, reflective question, call to action), and (3) observable perlocution indicators (attitude change, behavioral intention, emotional support). The findings show that empathetic and reflective utterances most frequently produce perlocutionary effects such as cognitive clarification, behavioral intention, and social reinforcement among viewers. These results suggest that the perlocutionary strength in digital discourse is influenced by the harmony between linguistic strategy, message depth, and communicated maturity values. Theoretically, this research enriches Indonesian digital pragmatics studies. Practically, it provides educators and content creators with insights to design ethical, persuasive, and character-building educational discourse.

Drug abuse (NAPZA) has become a serious threat among students and poses significant risks to their physical health, psychological well-being, and future development. Therefore, preventive efforts through structured education and mentoring programs are essential. This community service activity aims to describe the process and outcomes of a drug abuse prevention mentoring program conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Bulu, Temanggung. The program applied a participatory approach consisting of four stages: coordination with the school, educational socialization on the dangers of drugs, follow-up activities through discussions and student reflections, and evaluation to measure students’ understanding. The educational sessions were delivered using interactive lectures, question-and-answer methods, and visual learning media to enhance students’ engagement and comprehension. The results indicate an increase in students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the types, impacts, and prevention strategies of drug abuse. Moreover, students demonstrated more positive attitudes and a stronger commitment to avoiding drugs as a form of self-protection for their health and future. This program is expected to serve as a school-based preventive education model to reduce drug abuse among students through collaboration between teachers, schools, and the wider community.

This study aims to determine: 1) The effect of the product on customer loyalty, 2) Price influence on customer loyalty, 3) The influence of place / location on customer loyalty, 4) The influence of promotion on customer loyalty, 5) The influence of people / employees on customer loyalty, 6) Effect of physical facilities on customer loyalty, 7) Effect of process on customer loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi. Type of research conducted is Expost-Facto, the number of study population as much as 834 people, Proportional sampling technique Simple Random Sampling. The sample of this research is customer Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi numbered 114 people. Data were collected through questionnaires using Likert scale models that have been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis technique used is Path Analysis (Path Analysis). The research results are: 1) There is significant influence between product to customer loyalty, 2) There is a significant influence between price and customer loyalty, 3) There is a significant influence between place / location on customer loyalty, 4) There is significant influence between promotion to customer loyalty, 5) There is significant influence between person / employee to customer loyalty Training, 6) There is significant influence between physical facility to customer loyalty, 7) There is a significant influence between the process on customer loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi. Viewed from direct or indirect influence of product, price, place / location, promotion, person / employee, physical facility and process to customer's loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi is 84.54%, it is obtained that the promotion has the greatest influence of 21.01%. This shows that the understanding of promotion directly has a big role to the emergence of customer loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi.