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This study explores the enduring legacy of Islamic legal scholarship and its significant influence on both historical and contemporary legal systems, with a particular focus on the multifaceted nature of Sharia. The research addresses the issue of misunderstanding Islamic law as rigid and outdated by highlighting its historical adaptability and intellectual richness. The primary objective is to examine how Islamic jurisprudence, particularly through the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah, has shaped legal systems and continues to inform debates on justice, human rights, and legal pluralism. Utilizing a qualitative library research methodology, the study analyzes classical Islamic legal texts, juristic methodologies, and modern interpretations to trace the evolution of Sharia from its foundational sources—the Quran and Hadith—to its integration into systems like the Ottoman and Mughal legal frameworks. The findings reveal that Sharia is not merely a codified set of rules, but a comprehensive ethical system responsive to context through tools such as Ijtihad, Qiyas, and Istislah. Moreover, the influence of Islamic law extends beyond the Muslim world, contributing to discourses on legal pluralism and ethical governance globally. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the continued relevance of Islamic legal tradition in shaping contemporary legal and moral thought in Muslim-majority societies and beyond.

This study examines the status of Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain technology from the perspective of Islamic law. The research utilizes a qualitative library-based method, analyzing primary sources of Islamic jurisprudence alongside recent academic studies. It explores key Shariah principles such as mal mutaqawwam, maysir, gharar, and riba, in assessing Bitcoin's permissibility. The findings reveal that while Bitcoin's volatility, speculation, and lack of intrinsic value raise concerns under Islamic finance, the asset does not inherently involve interest (riba). Furthermore, the research distinguishes between the controversial nature of Bitcoin and the positive potential of blockchain technology, which aligns with the objectives of maqasid al-shariah, particularly in promoting transparency, financial inclusion, and ethical conduct. The study concludes that while Bitcoin may remain contentious, blockchain offers significant opportunities for Shariah-compliant financial innovation when supported by appropriate regulation and ethical oversight.

This study examines the contribution of the thoughts of three important figures in modern Islamic economics, namely Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Ibrahim Umar Vadillo, and M. Umer Chapra. Using a qualitative approach through literature study, this research critically analyzes their works and ideas. The results of the study show that the three of them built three main pillars of the contemporary Islamic economic paradigm. The first pillar is normative-ethical which is asserted by al-Sadr, emphasizing the value of justice and ethics. The second pillar is the structural-monetary of Vadillo, who proposes a gold dinar and silver dirham-based monetary system for economic stability. The third pillar is Chapra's maqashid-policy, which emphasizes the application of sharia's maqashid principles to realize social welfare and economic justice. These three pillars complement each other in forming the foundation of an integral, applicable and relevant Islamic economy to face global challenges. This research makes an important contribution in formulating an adaptive and sharia-based Islamic economic framework.

Microfinance institutions can enhance the standard of living in villages through principles of justice, partnership, and mutual assistance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic microfinance institution managers and beneficiaries in several rural areas. The findings indicate that Islamic microfinance has a positive impact on the economic well-being of rural communities, particularly by providing access to interest-free (riba-free) funding for small businesses, increasing household income, and strengthening the local economy. Furthermore, the presence of Islamic microfinance promotes more responsible economic behavior aligned with Islamic values. Financial education initiatives provided by the institutions also contribute to improving the financial literacy of villagers. In conclusion, Islamic microfinance serves as a vital tool in empowering rural communities through sustainable, fair, and Sharia-compliant economic development.

Waqf holds a crucial position in promoting social welfare and fostering the growth of a Sharia-based economy. In Indonesia, the success of waqf initiatives largely relies on sound governance and the operational effectiveness of waqf institutions. This study explores the roles of the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) as the regulatory authority and nazhir as the managers of waqf assets, while also highlighting key challenges such as technological limitations, lack of transparency, and weak supervision mechanisms. To overcome these obstacles, strategies including nazhir capacity building, digitalization of waqf management, and the application of the Waqf Core Principles Implementation Index (IIWCP) have been introduced. The findings suggest that adopting professional and innovative governance practices significantly enhances transparency, accountability, and the overall impact of waqf on social welfare and sustainable economic development.

This study discusses the ethics of Muslim entrepreneurship in facing the challenges of modern capitalism. Capitalism, characterized by profit orientation, individualism, and materialism, often clashes with the moral and spiritual principles of Islam. Muslim entrepreneurs are expected to uphold the values of honesty, trustworthiness, justice, and excellence (ihsan) in their business practices, even under pressure from efficiency demands and free-market competition. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to explore practical strategies that Muslim entrepreneurs can apply to remain ethical and compliant with Islamic law. The findings show that Islamic ethical principles serve not only as moral guidance but also as a competitive strength in capitalist economic systems.

The development of digital technology has brought various innovations to the financial system, one of which is sharia crowdfunding. As a form of technology-based fundraising based on sharia principles, this mechanism aims to avoid elements of usury, gharar, and maysir which are prohibited in Islam. This article discusses the legal aspects and operational mechanisms of sharia crowdfunding from the perspective of Islamic law and regulations in Indonesia. By using a qualitative research method based on literature analysis, sharia crowdfunding has a strong legal basis through the fatwa of the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) and the regulations of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). In practice, sharia crowdfunding uses various contracts such as mudharabah, musyarakah, and wakalah bil ujrah to ensure fair and transparent transactions. Although it has promising prospects, challenges such as lack of sharia financial literacy, limited specific regulations, and digital security aspects are still major obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, collaboration between regulators, industry players, and the community is needed to encourage a more inclusive and sustainable sharia crowdfunding ecosystem.  

Technology-based financial innovation has led to the emergence of crowdfunding platforms, which are now expanding into the realm of Islamic finance. This study aims to examine how the principles of Islamic economics are integrated into Sharia-compliant crowdfunding practices, particularly in financing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and case studies of several prominent Sharia crowdfunding platforms in Indonesia. The findings show that Sharia crowdfunding not only adheres to Islamic principles such as the prohibition of riba (usury) and gharar (uncertainty), but also applies concepts of justice, transparency, and partnership within contract structures. However, challenges related to Sharia financial literacy, regulation, and public trust remain significant obstacles. This study recommends enhancing Sharia financial literacy and strengthening regulations to support a sustainable Sharia crowdfunding ecosystem.

In many developing countries today, the capitalist economic system still dominates. Not infrequently, this system causes various problems when applied in the governance of a country's economy. These problems generally arise because policies, regulations, and public financial management have not been directed at the principles of Islamic economics (sharia). In fact, the public economic system based on sharia provides guarantees for the fulfillment of state needs (income) and people's needs (expenditure). In addition, the rampant practice of misappropriation such as fraud and corruption has also caused the loss of public trust in public economic management. This condition contributes to the economic crisis and exacerbates the suffering of the people. Therefore, to solve these problems, the government needs to adopt a public economic concept based on Islamic values, because this system has been proven to be able to encourage justice and improve social welfare. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The findings in the study indicate that there are various sources of income in the Islamic economy that can be utilized as public finances, such as Ghanimah, Fa'i, Jizyah, Kharaj, Waqf, Nawaib, Zakat, Infak, Sedekah, and 'Usr. Meanwhile, state expenditure is allocated to fulfill basic community needs, state defense and administration, education, social security, and development of infrastructure and public facilities.   Keywords: Capitalism, Economic system, Public sector In many developing countries today, the capitalist economic system still dominates. Not infrequently, this system causes various problems when applied in the governance of a country's economy. These problems generally arise because policies, regulations, and public financial management have not been directed at the principles of Islamic economics (sharia). In fact, the public economic system based on sharia provides guarantees for the fulfillment of state needs (income) and people's needs (expenditure). In addition, the rampant practice of misappropriation such as fraud and corruption has also caused the loss of public trust in public economic management. This condition contributes to the economic crisis and exacerbates the suffering of the people. Therefore, to solve these problems, the government needs to adopt a public economic concept based on Islamic values, because this system has been proven to be able to encourage justice and improve social welfare. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The findings in the study indicate that there are various sources of income in the Islamic economy that can be utilized as public finances, such as Ghanimah, Fa'i, Jizyah, Kharaj, Waqf, Nawaib, Zakat, Infak, Sedekah, and 'Usr. Meanwhile, state expenditure is allocated to fulfill basic community needs, state defense and administration, education, social security, and development of infrastructure and public facilities.  

This research explores the significance of waqf (Islamic endowment) management in achieving sustainable development, emphasizing the legal and managerial obstacles that impede its optimal performance. Although waqf has historically played a vital role in areas such as education, healthcare, and poverty reduction, modern administration is challenged by disjointed legal systems, outdated policies, and inadequate governance structures. These issues contribute to inefficiency, a lack of transparency, and declining confidence among donors. Applying a qualitative library research method, the study systematically examines scholarly sources, legal texts, and institutional records to assess how legal reform and strategic governance can enhance waqf operations. The analysis highlights the importance of aligning Islamic legal principles with contemporary management approaches—such as performance planning, financial innovation, and clear accountability measures—to improve both impact and efficiency. Moreover, the study stresses the urgent need for legal restructuring and human capital development within waqf institutions to ensure long-term viability and professionalism. By overcoming legal and organizational shortcomings, waqf can be transformed into a dynamic and sustainable financial instrument that supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research offers valuable academic and policy insights into creating effective, transparent, and Shariah-compliant waqf frameworks suited to modern socio-economic challenges.

This study uses a qualitative method and aims to dissect the differences between Islamic economics and conventional economics. This study found that Islamic economics is based on Islamic principles reflected in the Qur’an and Hadith, emphasizing social justice, balance, and avoiding elements of usury, gharar, and maysir in every economic activity. Meanwhile, conventional economics is based on the principles of a market economy that aims to maximize material profits without considering spiritual or moral aspects. The source of conventional economic law comes from rules made by humans, while Islamic economics refers to the law of Allah. The Islamic financial system uses profit- sharing mechanisms and halal investments, while the conventional system relies on interest as the main source of income. In addition, Islamic economics integrates social instruments such as zakat, infaq, and sedekah for wealth redistribution, while conventional economics emphasizes taxes and government policies. Thus, this study confirms that the fundamental differences between the two systems lie in their philosophical foundations, objectives, and operational mechanisms.  

This paper explores the role of Green Sukuk in advancing sustainable development in Indonesia, with a focus on its alignment with Islamic law and the principles of maqashid al-shariah. The research aims to examine the impact of Green Sukuk as a financial instrument in supporting environmentally friendly projects such as renewable energy, waste management, and green transportation. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyzes the legal, economic, and ethical dimensions of Green Sukuk, as well as its contributions to social justice and environmental sustainability. The findings reveal that Green Sukuk not only fulfills Islamic financial principles by being free from haram elements like riba, gharar, and maisir, but also serves as an instrument for equitable development by directing funds to sustainable projects that benefit society and the environment. However, the study identifies challenges such as limited private sector involvement, lack of in-depth project evaluation, and insufficient public awareness. The research suggests that future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of Green Sukuk projects on the ground, conduct international comparisons to identify best practices, and enhance the role of the private sector and public engagement in expanding the scope of Green Sukuk. Ultimately, this paper contributes to the growing discourse on Islamic finance and sustainability, demonstrating that Green Sukuk is not only a financial tool but also a medium for social and environmental responsibility in line with Islamic teachings.

This study aims to examine the relevance of Islamic economic thought during the time of the Prophet Muhammad to contemporary economic challenges, such as wealth distribution inequality, ethical crisis, and free market dominance. With a qualitative-descriptive approach through a literature study of classical and contemporary literature, the analysis is carried out based on the maqashid al-shariah framework. The results show that the basic principles of the Prophet's economy, such as the prohibition of usury, distribution justice, protection of property rights, and ethics-based market regulation, remain relevant and applicable in today's global context. Economic instruments such as zakat, infaq and waqf have proven effective as a means of wealth distribution and social security. In addition, maqashid al-shariah plays an important role as a paradigm in evaluating modern economic policies so that they remain oriented towards social justice and sustainability. The conclusion of this study confirms that the Prophet's economic thought is not only historical and normative, but also has practical and strategic value in formulating an alternative economic system that is more humane, ethical, and sustainable.

This article aims to analyze the relevance and implementation of Islamic economic principles within the context of a contemporary economic system dominated by capitalist paradigms. The background of this research stems from the global reality marked by wealth distribution inequality, moral crises in business, and social injustices resulting from profit-oriented economic systems. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, analyzing scholarly works, official institutional reports, and academic studies related to Islamic economics and modern economic challenges. The findings indicate that Islamic economic principles such as social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and maysir (gambling) hold strong applicative value in addressing various contemporary economic issues. Concrete implementations of these principles can be observed in the development of Islamic financial systems, digital zakat (almsgiving), productive waqf (endowments), and increasingly innovative and technology-responsive Islamic banking services. The discussion also reveals that Islamic economics can serve as an ethical and sustainable alternative to capitalism and socialism, particularly in terms of distributive justice and economic stability. Despite facing challenges in literacy, regulation, and technological infrastructure, Islamic economics has significant growth potential through collaboration among academics, practitioners, and policymakers. The conclusion of this study affirms that Islamic economic principles can serve as a transformative solution for the global economic system if applied adaptively, innovatively, and inclusively.

This research examines the matrilineal inheritance system in Minangkabau society through the perspective of maqasid al-sharia and the principles of Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK). The matrilineal inheritance system which transmits inheritance through the mother's lineage is considered controversial in relation to Islamic law which is based on faraid. Through a qualitative approach using literature study and interview methods, this research analyzes the fatwas of Minangkabau female clerics which emphasize that the customary system can be in harmony with the main objectives of Islamic law, such as the protection of life, offspring, property and religion. The results show that female ulama see this system as a form of contextual ijtihad that considers justice and social benefit. The distinction between high inheritance (custom) and search property (divided according to Islamic law) reflects the flexibility in combining adat and sharia. Therefore, the Minangkabau matrilineal inheritance system is not only considered valid according to custom, but is also relevant to maqasid al-sharia.

This study examines the phenomenon of the regulatory revolution in the sharia economy through the integration of digital technology to optimize the application of sharia principles. The background of this research departs from the rapid digital transformation, which requires adaptation and reform within the framework of sharia economic regulations to remain relevant and responsive to the challenges of the times. Using a qualitative approach that combines normative-doctrinal analysis and empirical case studies, this study aims to explore how current regulatory developments, the role of digital technology, as well as legal innovation challenges and opportunities arise in the implementation of sharia principles. The results of the study show that the integration of digital technology not only increases efficiency and transparency in the application of sharia principles, but also raises new problems related to the adaptation of conventional legal frameworks. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration and adaptive regulatory reform are needed to optimize the potential of the sharia economy in the digital era.

This study discusses the contribution of zakat in improving the economic welfare of society through the perspective of Islamic business management. The persistence of social and economic inequality across various segments of society underscores the importance of optimizing zakat management. In Islamic thought, zakat is not only a spiritual obligation but also a means of wealth redistribution that can strengthen the economic structure of the ummah. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative approach, analyzing various relevant sources to formulate efficient zakat management strategies that align with Sharia principles. The analysis reveals that the application of Islamic management principles—such as planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling—plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of zakat distribution, particularly in the form of productive zakat. Additionally, strengthening technological aspects, improving education for zakat managers (amil), collaborating with local institutions, and conducting intensive public outreach are complementary strategies relevant to the current context. The study concludes that professionally managed, integrated zakat administration based on Sharia values holds significant potential to serve as a sustainable driver for improving societal welfare.

The implementation of sharia accounting in business practice has become increasingly significant amidst the growing awareness of Islamic values in economic activities. Sharia accounting is not merely a financial recording tool but also a system that upholds principles of justice, transparency, and accountability in accordance with Islamic teachings. However, its application in the business world still faces several challenges, such as limited understanding among business actors, a lack of qualified human resources, and the uneven adoption of sharia accounting standards. This study aims to identify the main challenges in implementing sharia accounting and propose practical solutions in terms of regulation, education, and system innovation. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the findings indicate that strong collaboration between regulators, academics, and business practitioners is essential to build a sustainable sharia accounting ecosystem that aligns with modern business needs.

Technological advancements in the financial sector have led to various innovations, one of which is the SPayLater service, which allows consumers to make purchases using a deferred payment or installment system. In practice, this system raises various questions regarding the validity of transactions from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law, particularly in terms of compliance with the principles of sale and purchase contracts, as well as the potential presence of riba (usury) and gharar (uncertainty).This study aims to examine the validity of SPayLater transactions by analyzing the contracts used, potential violations of the principles of murabahah, ijarah, or qardh, and the extent to which this service complies with the conditions and pillars of sharia-compliant sale and purchase. The approach used is qualitative, analyzing Islamic legal literature, fatwas issued by Indonesia’s National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), as well as case studies of SPayLater services in Indonesia. The findings indicate that SPayLater transactions have the potential to involve riba if there are non-transparent additional charges. Furthermore, late payment penalties and unclear contracts may give rise to gharar, which could render the transaction invalid under Islamic law. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the contracts to better align with sharia principles and to enhance transparency in the payment mechanisms in order to avoid elements of riba and gharar.

Human Rights This paper discusses the study of Islamic legal politics and the substance of changes in waqf regulation in Indonesia, particularly in Government Regulation (PP) Number 25 of 2018, which amends Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006. This study seeks to analyze how the approach of Islamic legal politics is applied in responding to the evolving needs of waqf management, in line with the times and the demands of national development, while still aligning with the fundamental principles of Islamic law (sharia). The amendment in Government Regulation No. 25 of 2018 specifically clarifies the mechanism of waqf asset exchange (ruislag) by prioritizing the principles of public benefit (maslahah), accountability, and protection of the waqif’s intent. A normative-juridical approach is employed to analyze this regulation within the framework of maqashid al-sharia and the context of national legal policy. The results of this study indicate that the changes in Government Regulation No. 25 of 2018 have a significant impact on the governance of waqf, making it more transparent and accountable. This impact is the result of the presence of Islamic legal politics in integrating sharia principles with the practical needs of waqf governance. It also encourages waqf policymakers in Indonesia to optimize the potential of waqf in building a just society through sharia-based financial institutions that serve the broader Muslim community.