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This study aims to describe the implementation of collaborative learning in enhancing empathy and cooperation in inclusive elementary school classrooms. Through a literature review, the researcher analyzed various sources related to collaborative strategies such as think-pair-share, jigsaw, and project-based learning. The findings indicate that collaborative learning effectively promotes positive interactions between regular students and students with special needs. It facilitates mutual understanding, respect for differences, and joint task completion. Strategies include heterogeneous group discussions, active teacher facilitation, and group reflections to strengthen empathy. Supporting factors include inclusive teacher attitudes and school support, while major obstacles involve time constraints, varying student abilities, and limited teacher training. In conclusion, collaborative learning shows strong potential in fostering inclusive, equitable, and humanistic classroom environments.

This study aims to examine the optimization of the field trip method in improving elementary school students' understanding of social and cultural diversity. The background of this study is based on the need for a learning approach that is not only informative, but also contextual and participatory, considering the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and multiculturalism from an early age. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies, by reviewing various sources of literature such as journal articles, academic books, and relevant digital documents. The results of the study show that the field trip method makes a significant contribution to contextual learning, especially in socio-cultural material. This activity encourages students to experience diversity in society firsthand, develop empathy, tolerance, and strengthen 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. However, optimizing this method requires systematic planning, support from various parties, and innovation in integrating technology and project-based approaches. Therefore, the field trip method has great potential if applied in a structured manner in the learning process in elementary schools. This study recommends that schools and teachers actively develop field trip programs that are integrated with the curriculum and based on real experiences.

This study aims to enhance elementary school students' learning enthusiasm in mathematics through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach. The background of this research is the low motivation among students, caused by the dominance of conventional, teacher-centered teaching methods, limited active student engagement, and abstract, non-contextual learning materials. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using observation, documentation, and literature review as data collection techniques. The research subjects were elementary school students engaged in mathematics learning through project-based activities. One of the implemented projects was the creation of a measuring tool made from recycled materials, designed to be relevant to students’ daily lives and aligned with the learning objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum. The data were analyzed using data reduction, narrative presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques, with validity ensured through source and method triangulation. The results indicated a significant increase in students' learning enthusiasm, as reflected in the questionnaire scores which rose from 65 to 83, along with improvements in indicators such as curiosity, enthusiasm, collaboration, and self-confidence. PjBL proved effective in fostering students’ intrinsic motivation by offering autonomy, authentic projects, active collaboration, and constructive feedback. Despite challenges such as time management, limited resources, and varying group participation levels, the implementation of PjBL succeeded in creating a more meaningful, enjoyable, and contextual learning environment. This study recommends broader adoption of PjBL in elementary mathematics education as a strategic effort to improve the quality of teaching and learning.

This study aims to describe the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in IPAS learning on economic activities and to examine its effect on the collaboration skills of fourth-grade students at Saraswati 1 Elementary School in Denpasar. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the implementation of PjBL through six stages of implementation significantly enhances collaborative aspects such as role distribution, open communication, cooperation, and shared responsibility. Teachers and students responded positively to this method, as learning became more meaningful and enjoyable. The projects created by students reflected active engagement and solid teamwork. In conclusion, the PjBL model is effective in enhancing students' collaboration skills and is relevant for implementation within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum to support the strengthening of the Pancasila learner profile.

Mathematics is often perceived as a subject that is difficult for students to master, a notion that has been confirmed by numerous previous studies. One of the contributing factors is the limited variety of instructional media used in classrooms, which affects students' interest and comprehension. Many teachers still lack appropriate learning media to support blended learning approaches. This study aims to develop and implement multimedia-based Educational Instructional Media (EIM) that are valid, practical, and effective. The project utilizes video-based learning to deliver algebra concepts material for Grade VII students at SMPN 252 Jakarta and SMPIT Al-Qudwah. The development process follows the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. During the analysis phase, both learning needs and content requirements were mapped according to SAP (System Analysis and Product). The material was then divided into seven core sections. In the design stage, the curriculum structure, system flow, and user interface were developed. The development stage involved creating instructional content based on the analysis results. The content was then uploaded to the Moodle platform and presented using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model.

This study aims to examine the implementation of innovative learning strategies in improving the literacy skills of first-grade elementary school students in the subject of Indonesian language. Early literacy serves as a crucial foundation for students’ academic development; however, many lower-grade students have not yet reached the minimum standards in reading and writing. To address this challenge, innovative learning strategies such as shared reading, storytelling, the use of visual and digital media, as well as contextual and simple project-based approaches were employed. This research utilized a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method over two cycles, involving 20 first-grade students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literacy skill assessments. The findings showed a significant improvement in students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking abilities. The learning process became more enjoyable, participatory, and suited to the cognitive developmental stage of young children. In addition, students' motivation and confidence in using language also increased. The teacher’s role as a facilitator and instructional designer was essential in ensuring the success of these strategies. Therefore, innovative learning strategies have proven effective in enhancing the literacy skills of first-grade students and are recommended for broader implementation.

Solo Putri bridal makeup is a type of traditional makeup that requires precision, patience, and high technical skills. The level of student interest in learning reflects the extent of their interest and seriousness in understanding a learning material. This study aims to examine the influence of learning interest on the results of Solo Putri bridal makeup practice among students in the AKS Ibu Kartini Semarang Makeup Design Program, using a quantitative approach through simple linear regression. The research subjects consisted of 30 students, and the instruments used included a learning interest questionnaire and a practice results assessment sheet. Data were analyzed using normality, linearity, and simple linear regression tests. The analysis results showed a positive and significant correlation between learning interest and students' practical results. The correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.794 and the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.630 indicate that learning interest has a significant contribution to the success of bridal makeup practice. The higher the learning interest of students, the higher the quality of practice results achieved. Therefore, learning interest is an important aspect that requires attention in practical learning. Effective learning strategies such as contextual approaches, project-based learning, and the provision of adequate practical facilities need to be implemented.

This study aims to describe the application of the Project Based Learning (PJBL) learning model in improving the understanding of the concept of changes in the state of matter in Elementary School students. The background of this study is based on the low understanding of students on the material of changes in the state of matter, which can have an impact on the weak mastery of scientific concepts as a whole. The method used is qualitative research with a library research approach, where data is collected through analysis of various scientific literature, journals, and relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that PJBL is a learning model that emphasizes the active involvement of students in real projects, from designing, implementing, to presenting the results. The application of PJBL in the topic of changes in the state of matter encourages students to experience scientific processes such as melting, evaporating, freezing, and condensing directly through simple experiments. PJBL not only improves students' conceptual understanding, but also develops science process skills, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and responsibility. In its implementation, PJBL follows certain stages starting from determining essential questions to reflection. Despite facing several challenges such as limited time, facilities, and teacher readiness, solutions can be sought through effective planning and professional training. Thus, PJBL has proven to be the right approach in improving the quality of science learning in elementary schools, especially in strengthening students' understanding of the concept of changes in the state of objects in a comprehensive and meaningful manner.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Merdeka Belajar Curriculum through Amantyajana art performance activities as project-based learning at Presidential High School. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study examines in depth the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating art activities developed collaboratively between teachers, students, and school parties. The results show that this art performance is not only a forum for students' artistic expression, but also a medium for character building, strengthening mutual cooperation values, and cross-subject integration in accordance with the Pancasila Student Profile. Amantyajana activities are designed thematically and contextually, involving students in all stages of production, from theme exploration, rehearsals, to public performances. Despite facing obstacles such as limited time, human resources, and infrastructure, this activity is still able to encourage meaningful, creative, and adaptive learning. Evaluation is conducted holistically through process assessment, performance, and student engagement in teamwork. The art performance proved to be a superior practice in actualizing the Merdeka Curriculum, which focuses on the meaningfulness of learning, active student participation, and cross-disciplinary collaboration.

The writing of this thesis is motivated by the low creativity found in students, educators have not used a variety of learning models in learning Natural and Social Sciences. The purpose of this research is to increase the creativity of students in Natural and Social Sciences subjects using the project-based learning model for classV. This research is a class action research of two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Class V students of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. This research was conducted in the second semester of the 2024/2025 school year. At State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. The results of the research data analysis show that using the project-based learning model can increase student learning motivation in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. Details of the results of observations of students using the project-based learning model have increased from cycle I to cycle II with an average value of 66.66% in the less creative category and increased to 93.33% in the Creative category. It is concluded that using the Project-based Learning Model can increase student creativity in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru.

Indonesian language learning at the junior high school level requires students not only to comprehend texts but also to apply them in real-life contexts. One of the essential text types to be taught is the procedural text, which aims to develop students’ instructional abilities as well as their sequential and systematic thinking skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of an ecology-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in teaching procedural texts in junior high school. The research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, and interviews. The researcher and the teacher collaborated to discuss the application of the ecology-based PjBL model in teaching procedural texts to seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Surakarta. The researcher then observed the procedural text learning activities carried out by the teacher using the PjBL model and conducted an evaluation of the model's implementation, student engagement, and the effectiveness of the activities in achieving learning objectives. The results indicated that the implementation of the ecology-based PjBL model effectively increased students’ active participation, enhanced their understanding of procedural text concepts, and fostered early awareness of waste management and environmental conservation.

Biology education requires a learning strategy that can improve conceptual understanding while developing students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of class X students on biodiversity materials at SMA Negeri 1 Melonguane. The research uses a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, involving two classes, namely the X-A experimental class taught using the PjBL model with a mini ecosystem project, and the X-D control class. The control class is taught conventionally. The analysis results showed a significant increase in the posttest score of the experimental class with an average of 79.33 compared to the control class with an average of 73.39. These findings indicate that applying the PjBL model effectively creates active learning, increases student engagement, and develops problem-solving skills and creativity. The lower variability of scores in the experimental class showed that PjBL could accommodate differences in students' abilities. Project-based learning also arouses students' motivation and confidence, making Biology learning more contextual and meaningful. The implications of this study show that applying the PjBL model can be an alternative to Biology learning strategies to improve learning outcomes while supporting the development of 21st century skills. This research enriches the literature on Biology learning innovations. It opens opportunities for further studies related to the application of PjBL to other materials or long-term impact analysis on students' academic achievements.

The research that has been conducted titled "The Influence of Model Project Based Learning On Skills to Write Biography of Class X State High School Text" which is motivated that the low motivation and ability of students to write, especially in writing biographies. And the dominant method of lectures in the learning process. The method used is quantitative with a quae-experimental design in the form of pre-test and post-tests with a sample of 35 class X-1 and 35 students from class X-2. Data collection techniques with written tests, observations, documentation, and questionnaire. The results stated that (1) there is an increase in post-test results in the experiment class compared to the control class, (2) the average post-test value of experimental class students higher than the post-test student values, (3) The use of the media-based PjBL model has a positive impact on the biography text skills. Thus, the model Project Based Learning terbuktif is effective in improving the skills of biography text writing.

The purpose of this study is (1) to understand the ways and applications to improve the character of civic disposition-based manners  in grade XI students at Colomadu High School, (2) for what are the obstacles when improving the character of civic disposition-based manners  in grade XI students through PPKn learning, (3) to find out the efforts to overcome  obstacles in improving the character of students' manners. A qualitative research method with a type of case study that determines the views of the subject studied and observed in detail and in depth. The location of this research is at SMA N Colomadu. This research involved the Principal, Vice Principal for Student Affairs, PPKn Teachers, and Students.  Interviews, documentation, and observations were used in this study. The study uses source triangulation in checking the validity of the data and triangulation techniques to show the suitability of the research material with the reality in the field. The data analysis technique used is an interactive qualitative descriptive model that begins with data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that (1) the activities carried out by the school are activities with parents such as routine parenting activities, and students are always given motivation, literacy, and spirituality regarding the importance of civic disposition-based manners. (2) The obstacles faced by students do not understand the importance of politeness and cannot sort out negative things on social media and association. (3) Activities carried out as an improvement in the character  of civic disposition-based manners  in PPKn learning are by using project-based methods or analyzing case studies to improve students' polite character. They are given direction and guidance so that they have a good relationship and have morals that are in accordance with manners. Keywords: Character of Manners, Civic Disposition, Students, PPKn Learning  

Branding strategies for Vocational High Schools (SMK) are a crucial aspect in improving their image, competitiveness and attractiveness for prospective students and the industrial world. One effective approach is through partnerships with the World of Business and Industry (DUDI). This research aims to analyze the branding strategy implemented by SMK in building a positive image through collaboration with DUDI. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, literature study and case analysis of several vocational schools that have succeeded in building branding through strategic partnerships. The research results show that vocational school branding can be strengthened through internship programs, industrial project-based learning, competency certification recognized by the world of work, and digital-based promotions. The partnership with DUDI also plays a role in providing learning facilities that are more relevant to industry needs, thereby increasing public confidence in the quality of vocational school graduates. By implementing an effective branding strategy through a partnership with DUDI, SMK can strengthen its position as a vocational education institution that is oriented to the needs of the world of work.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in mathematics learning planning at SMK Negeri 6 Padang. The Independent Curriculum provides flexibility to teachers in designing contextual, student-centered, and character-oriented learning through the Pancasila Student Profile. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that SMK Negeri 6 Padang has implemented various important components in learning planning, such as the School Operational Curriculum (KOS), Academic Calendar, Effective Week Details, Annual Program (Prota), Semester Program (Promes), Learning Achievements (CP), Learning Objectives (TP), Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP), and Learning Objective Flow (ATP). However, the implementation of the Independent Curriculum still faces challenges, especially in the integration of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) and the application of differentiated learning. Thus it can be concluded that the Learning planning is very effective, namely 82.25%. Therefore, further training is needed to improve the quality of learning planning based on the Independent Curriculum. This study concludes that although mathematics learning planning has referred to the principles of the Independent Curriculum, ongoing training and systematic support are still needed to optimize the implementation of the curriculum in vocational schools.  

This study examines the development of an industry-oriented business curriculum to enhance graduate competitiveness in the global market. The research employs a qualitative approach using content analysis to evaluate curriculum structures, experiential learning models, digital competency integration, and industry collaboration practices in higher education institutions. The findings reveal that industry-oriented curricula significantly improve graduate employability by aligning academic learning with labor market requirements. Experiential learning methods, including internships, project-based learning, and business simulations, contribute to the development of practical and professional competencies. In addition, collaboration between universities and industries strengthens curriculum relevance and supports innovation in teaching and learning processes. The study also highlights the importance of digital literacy, global perspectives, and communication skills in preparing graduates for international competition. Ultimately, curriculum innovation is essential for producing adaptive, competitive, and professionally prepared graduates capable of responding to rapid economic and technological transformations

This community service activity aimed to introduce and strengthen the understanding of sociopreneurship among students of SMA Islam Andalusia Kebasen through an experiential learning approach. The initiative responded to the need for youth empowerment programs that combine entrepreneurial skills with social responsibility, particularly those grounded in Islamic values. The one-day training was designed to be interactive and engaging, incorporating inspirational dialogues with practitioners, interactive simulations, role-plays, and value reflections. These methods were intended to create an immersive learning experience, enabling students to connect theory with real-world application. A total of 50 students participated in the program. The training focused on three main objectives: (1) developing the ability to identify and analyze social issues in their community, (2) designing solutions through the creation of social enterprises, and (3) integrating Islamic values into business practices to ensure ethical and sustainable entrepreneurship. Evaluation was conducted using pre- and post-training assessments, observation, and participant feedback. The results indicated that 70% of participants demonstrated a strong understanding of the concept of sociopreneurship after the training. Additionally, 76% successfully integrated Islamic values into their proposed business ideas, while over 60% were able to design simple but feasible social enterprise concepts addressing real social problems. Participants also reported increased awareness, empathy, creativity, and leadership skills as outcomes of the activity. The findings highlight that experiential learning-based sociopreneurship training is an effective method for cultivating youth’s capacity to initiate social change through entrepreneurial action. This program not only enhanced students’ knowledge and skills but also inspired them to become agents of positive transformation in their communities. It is recommended that schools establish follow-up initiatives, such as sociopreneur clubs, mentoring schemes, and project incubation programs, to ensure the sustainability and further development of students’ social enterprise ideas.

The purpose of this community service activity is to assist Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students in creating pencil holders using used bottles and straws. This is a project-based learning activity that instills values of creativity and environmental awareness. The activity is part of the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes contextual learning and skills relevant to the modern era.By participating as facilitators, PGMI students gain firsthand experience in designing and implementing project-based learning. The activity includes providing materials, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and evaluation of results. The outcomes show an increase in students' creativity and awareness of the importance of transforming recycled materials into useful products for the environment. Moreover, this activity provides valuable experience for PGMI students, helping them learn to apply active and practical learning approaches.  

The development of e-learning platforms has transformed the landscape of education by providing flexible and accessible learning methods. However, security threats targeting web-based applications pose significant risks to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of academic data. This research aims to analyze the security vulnerabilities of the ILMU2 e-learning website at UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur using the Web Application Security Project Zed Attack Proxy (OWASP ZAP) methodology. The study applies a black-box testing approach to simulate attacks and identify potential weaknesses in the website's security mechanisms. Expected findings include the identification of vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and security misconfigurations. The results are intended to provide insights for improving the security posture of the ILMU2 platform and contribute to the broader discourse on securing educational technology in higher education institutions.