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This study aims to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of 4th grade students of SDN Dukuh Kupang V, Panguragan District, Cirebon Regency Semester 2 of the 2022/2023 academic year by using the Problem Based Learning model. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) conducted in two cycles. The subjects in this study were 4th grade students of SDN Dukuh Kupang V Surabayai, totaling 30 students. The variables in this study consisted of independent variables, namely the Problem Based Learning model and the dependentvariable, namely math learning outcomes. Data collection techniques using test techniques. Data analysis techniques using comparative descriptive in the form of percentages of math learning outcomes in pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that learning with the Problem Based Learning model can improve learning outcomes in mathematics subjects on the perimeter area of flat shapes. The results before the action was taken,namely in the pre-cycle only 13 students or 43% were complete, in cycle I increased to 21 studentsor 70% who completed learning math and in cycle II increased again to 26 students or 86% who completed learning. This research is said to be successful because it reaches the performance indicator which is > 80% of all students with KKM 70.

Viewed through the lens of arts and culture course results, students' cognitive capacities This is because classrooms are still using ineffective methods of instruction that discourage students from working on their skills in a variety of settings. The purpose of this study is to use the problem-based learning (PBL) approach to education in the arts and cultural topics (music arts) with the objective of enhancing students' cognitive capacities. The four phases of classroom action research (1) planning, (2) implementing, (3) observing, and (4) reflecting make up the study methodology. Observation and multiple-choice tests are two methods used to gather data. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods are used in data analysis. There was an increase from 34 students in the first cycle who finished the KKM to 36 students in the second cycle, indicating that students' cognitive abilities improved. It follows that students' cognitive capacities may be enhanced by the problem based learning (PBL) model's implementation  

The background of this study is the large number of students who scored below KKM in the subject of Islamic Cultural History at MTsN Padang Panjang. To help solve these problems, researchers are interested in trying the Value Clarification Technique learning model to improve student learning outcomes. The type of this research is experimental with Randomized Control Group Posttest Only Design. The population in this research is VIII class at MTsN Padang Panjang. The sample is selected purposively from a specific population. Researchers chose class VIII E as the experimental class, and class VIII C as the control class. The instrument used is a test. For testing research hypotheses, researchers use t-tests and data processing using SPSS. The results of this study concluded that the Value Clarification Technique learning model is effective for student learning outcomes in the subject of Islamic Cultural History. Based on data analysis that shows the tcount results are greater than ttable. Tcount is 84.094 and ttable is 1.670. The average score in the experimental class is 88,37 and the average score in class VIII C is 71,15.

The low understanding of mathematical concepts experienced by students also has an impact on students' ability to solve problems related to mathematics because the concepts taught by teachers are never found in everyday life. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that encourages students to construct their own mathematical concepts based on experiences that occur in everyday life. The research method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data collection process includes collecting and analyzing every published article and book that discusses mathematical concepts and the application of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The journals used in this research are national and international journals indexed by SINTA and SCOPUS. Research findings show that the RME approach has an important role in improving students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in several materials at every level of education.

Critical competence plays an important role in students' ability to solve a problem that occurs. Through PBL, students are trained to develop ideas, or ideas that can facilitate them in problem solving and learning activities at school. By using the Problem-Based Learning paradigm to achieve learning objectives in elementary schools, students' critical competencies are developed. This form of learning looks at the relationship between critical thinking and student learning outcomes by using a qualitative approach with literature study as a source of in-depth analysis. A suitable approach to help students build critical thinking skills is a problem-based learning strategy. Students are encouraged to actively participate in solving problems that arise when using the Problem-Based Learning paradigm, according to the learning outcomes. By using this problem-based learning approach, students are encouraged to investigate a problem in more detail and from a broader perspective. Students can come up with original ideas in this situation or ideas for problem solving. By developing students' critical thinking skills and highlighting the important role that teachers play in fostering an enjoyable learning environment and acting as facilitators in the teaching and learning process, the Problem Based Learning model has been proven to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes in educational settings.

The focus of the article is to describe the use of a HOTS-based learning model that can improve the problem solving abilities of students in elementary schools as well as strategies that can be used in implementing HOTS learning in the classroom. This research uses a literature study method by examining several sources from journals and books related to the use of the HOTS-based learning model in improving the Problem Solving abilities of students in elementary schools. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method or literature review by systematically identifying journals. The steps in the SLR method are 1) Develop Research Questions, 2) Selection Criteria, 3) Developing The Search Strategy, 4) The Study Selection Process, 5) Appraising the Quality of Studies.

Scientific attitude is a very important attitude to be possessed by every student in following the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to examine the teaching method of the Lord Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitude of students. Through a qualitative approach with literature review techniques, the author examines in depth the method of teaching Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitudes of students. The results of this study found that to shape the scientific attitude of students, it is necessary to be guided by the teaching methods of the Lord Jesus, such as discovery and inquary methods, discussion methods, problem-based, and storytelling methods. Therefore, teachers of Christian religious education are required to always emulate the Lord Jesus and think creatively in shaping the scientific attitude of students in accordance with teaching conditions in the 21st century.

The main problem in this research is the lack of vocabulary mastery in class IV students at UPTD SD Negeri 32 Barru Regency. This research aims to determine the relationship between vocabulary mastery and the ability to write narrative essays in class IV UPTD students at SD Negeri 32 Barru Regency. This type of research is correlational research and is a quantitative type of research. The sample in this study was 30 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using student learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique in this research is parametric statistics. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that students' vocabulary mastery and their ability to write narrative essays had a very strong correlation, namely 0.815. rcount = 0.815 and rtable. The results of the analysis show that the value of rcount is greater than rtable (0.815 > 0.361). Based on the results of rcount and rabel, it can be stated that the alternative hypothesis H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected or it can be concluded that based on the achievement of the correlation test significance level Product moment shows that there is a relationship between vocabulary mastery and the ability to write narrative essays in class IV students at UPTD SD Negeri 32 Barru.

This study aims to explain the implementation of computational thinking-based mathematics learning  at SMA Negeri 2 Medan. This research is classified as qualitative descriptive research. Data sources used in this study include the learning process, informants from Mathematics teachers of SMA Negeri 2 Medan, teaching modules, and field notes about the learning process based on computational thinking. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of this study show that computational thinking-based mathematics learning  is able to increase teacher creativity in teaching, increase students' thinking to be open to the surrounding environment which is actually closely related to mathematics, and be able to solve problems structurally and computational thinking-based learning  gets a good response by students    

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental research method with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan, Purwakarta Regency. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling with a sample of class X.9 as the experimental class which took part in learning by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and class The variables of this research include the independent variable, namely the Learning Model (PBL Learning Model vs. Conventional Learning Model) and the dependent variable, namely student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. The data collection technique uses the Test Method. The instrument used is a multiple choice test. Learning outcome data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Learning Results of experimental class students achieved good characteristics and the control class only achieved adequate characteristics. The mean post-test for the experimental class was 83.1 and the mean post-test for the control class was 74.04. The results of the Independent Sample t-test show the value of tcount = 3.363 > ttable = 1.989. Because tcount > ttable, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between classes that take part in learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and classes that take part in conventional learning. And also the Sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.001. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model influences student learning outcomes.      

Motivation and learning are two things that are interrelated and influence each other. Through the learning process, teachers are required to be able to guide and facilitate students to motivate them to carry out learning activities. The success of a student in learning is determined by many factors, one of which is learning motivation. One of the steps that can be taken to facilitate student learning activities is through the use of varied learning methods, including: (1) lectures; (2) discussions; (3) simulations; (4) project-based learning; (5) problem- based learning; (6) demonstrations; (7) games and many other methods. At the high school level, Indonesian language subjects are focused on developing the character of critical thinking to creativity. The variety of learning methods is very influential in efforts to motivate students to the lessons taught. In this study using data collection techniques by using a questionnaire made using Google Form with a total of 74 respondents, class XII as much as 52.7%, class XI 33.8%, and class X 13.5%. Through this research, the extent to which students are familiar with learning methods and their implications for learning motivation in Indonesian language subjects at SMAN 1 Sukaraja, Sukabumi District.

Based on the framework behind the problem that the writer put forward, the author focuses on the case of the impact of the talaqqi procedure on the motivation to practice for students in the XI MAN 06 West Pasaman category.  The aim of this research is to identify whether or not there are effects of mahfuz using talaqqi procedures to encourage students' practice in learning the Al-Qur'an, the words of the Prophet, category XI at MAN 06 West Pasaman.  This research is correlational research with a tendency towards quantitative information.  The illustration of this research is students in category XI IPS at MAN 06 West Pasaman, totaling 55 people.  There is also a sampling technique used, namely overall sampling considering the number of samples is less than one hundred.  Before trying the experiment, it is assumed that the researcher has carried out the required experiments in the form of a normality experiment and a homogeneity experiment.  After that, continue with the assumption experiment using a simple linear regression experiment. The research results display analysis and reviews of research information as a result of testing assumptions from the coefficients chart to obtain sig numbers.  equal to 0.000 ≤ 0.05, as a result it can be concluded that the elasticity of talaqqi procedures (X) influences students' motivation to practice (Y).  it is known that tcount is 3.168 ≥ ttable 2.006, so it can be concluded that the elasticity of talaqqi procedures (X) has a positive and important influence on the elasticity of motivation to practice (Y) Ha is obtained.  As a result, it can be concluded that the impact of mahfuz using talaqqi procedures is on encouraging students to practice in learning the Al-Qur'an, the words of the prophet, category XI at MAN 06 West Pasaman.

Learning media is a vehicle for transmitting learning messages and information. Learning media is designed as best as possible to improve student learning outcomes. In this era of globalization, learning media is increasingly advanced. The use of Information Technology as a learning medium has become a demand. In order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of learning, various creative and innovative learning models need to be developed. This research aims to meet school needs, increase interest in learning and improve student learning outcomes. Limitations of learning media are known to be one of the obstacles that exist in learning at the elementary school level, especially for students. The impact of limited media is the low interest and activity of students when participating in elementary school learning. The existence of these obstacles aims to develop Monokebu media as an alternative solution to learning problems for students as well as finding out whether the media is suitable for use in learning and presenting the results of limited trials of the media. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of this research indicate that it is very necessary to develop teaching material media to improve student learning outcomes. In this progressive era, learning media can be created using technology-based learning media models. Among the technology-based media are PPT, Google Classroom, Google Meet. Including Monokebu media.

This research was aimed at analyzing the enhancement of students' mathematical reasoning abilities through problem-based learning. The experimental design was pre-post control group design. The research population was all junior high school student of SMP Al-Muhajirin Purwakarta. The research sample was taken randomly, was the class VIII C students as the experimental group who participated in instruction with problem-based learning and the other class VIII D as control group who participated in instruction with conventional learning. Data was collected through test and questionnaires. The statistical analysis used is the Gain test for the results of students' mathematical reasoning ability tests. The analysis of gain score showed that the enhancement of students’ abilities who participated in instruction with problem-based learning was better than those who participated in instruction with conventional learning. Problem-based learning in mathematics lessons shows a positive response which shows that students like the method used.

The world of education, especially in terms of learning media, is influenced by current technological developments. With the development of technology, we should be able to use it to solve problems, especially in the field of education. The use of video media as a learning tool in the classroom is one example of technology used in the world of education. With the aim of arousing elementary school students' enthusiasm for learning through the expansion of learning videos. This research uses a qualitative approach, involving content analysis techniques. The use of video as a learning medium is a data source for this analysis. Data collection techniques include analysis of data sources from national and international journals over the last five years. Several findings from the use of video media show that they can have a positive impact on learning activities, one of which is that they can make learning in class more fun and prevent students from getting bored. Students will achieve better learning outcomes if they have greater motivation to learn. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of video-based learning media can be used effectively during the learning process.

The aim of this research is to discuss the analysis of high school students' self-efficacy in learning mathematics. This research is qualitative research that uses descriptive methods. The instrument used is a non-test instrument, namely a questionnaire. Through the use of a mathematical self-efficacy questionnaire with 30 statements consisting of 10 indicators. The descriptive qualitative research method involved 27 high school students in Kampar. Based on the questionnaire data, it can be concluded that accumulated self-efficacy in mathematics learning is 37.27% in the low category. In percentage terms, it can be described that the indicator of being able to overcome the problems faced is 38.5% in the low category, the indicator of being confident in one's success is 33.17% in the low category, the indicator of having a positive view of the task is 47.74% in the low category , the indicator of being brave enough to face challenges is 42.2% in the low category, the indicator of being brave enough to take risks is 38.55% in the low category, the indicator of being aware of one's strengths and weaknesses is 35.5% in the low category, the indicator of being able to interact with people is 36, 21% in the low category, the indicator of not giving up easily is 40% in the low category, the indicator of having commitment to the tasks given is 28.88% in the low category, the indicator of having great interest in lessons and assignments is 31.96% in the low category.

The background to this PTK problem is that students have not been able to master the concept of multiplication material. So there is a need for learning media as a student learning resource that is able to help students' understanding process regarding multiplication of numbers in mathematics with the help of linguistic learning media. This classroom action research aims to improve multiplication counting skills in class 3 of UPT SDN 98 Gresik. The research used was Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was designed in 2 cycles with 4 stages. The four stages of the research action cycle are as follows: 1) planning, 2) implementing, 3) observing, and 4) reflecting. Based on the research results obtained, it is known that the average initial data completeness score for 20 students was 52.75%, before the application of the linguistics learning media. The average score for cycle I was 66, or 8 students with a percentage of 40% who had completed or above the KKM and 12 students with a percentage of 60% who had not completed or below the KKM because they had exceeded the predetermined criteria of 75 and continued in cycle II. In conclusion, linguistic learning media can improve multiplication calculation skills.      

The Problem-Solving Learning Model is one of the learning models that can develop problem-solving skills and student learning independence where this model is developed based on polya theory known as problem-solving steps, namely: identifying problem information/understanding problems, planning problem-solving strategies, using problem-solving strategies and re-examining solutions or solutions to problems that have been generated. The Use of the Problem-Solving Learning Model to Improve the Problem-Solving Ability of Pancabudi Private Vocational School Students for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of learning using the Problem-Solving learning model. This research is located at SMK Swasta Pancabudi where the class applies the Problem Solving learning model which will be compared with different classes using the classical learning model.

Effective teaching-learning activities are also supported by several aspects such as teaching methods, teaching strategies, learning models , and so on. In this study, we know the extent of the effectiveness of problem-solving learning compared to ordinary learning. Based on the research conducted, the results obtained that concluded the Problem-Solving learning mode proved effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. Data analysis for this study used a t-test in this case obtained an average difference from the experimental class group given treatment using Problem-Solving learning and non-problem Solving class groups. The calculation results obtained a t count value (th) of 2.824 for the experimental class and 2.819 for the control class, with the table t value for db 68 sig 5% If consulted in the t table obtained 1.990 then based on the t-test criteria it can be concluded that the t value Count more than t table with GIS greater than SIG alpha by 5%, it can be concluded that count t > t table can be decided to test the hypothesis I that null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothethetics are accepted, in this case, there is a significant difference between students' mathematical problem-solving ability between the group of students taught using the Problem-Solving method and the group of students taught without using the Problem-Solving model.

This study aims to determine the effect and impact of the overall research on the Problem-based learning model in science learning. This type of research is a meta-analysis. The data sources in this study are 17 national and international journals published from 2017-2022. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ProQuest, and Eric Journal. Inclusion criteria are research on problem-based learning models with experimental or quasi-experimental methods and measurement of learning outcomes to evaluate Problem-Based Learning learning models. The results showed that the average effect size value of all studies (ES = 1.40) was very high. This finding explains that the Problem-Based Learning model provides a very high positive impact on science learning. In addition, the Problem-Based Learning learning model is effective to be applied to students' science learning at school. Effect measurement in this study is influenced by the level of education, year of publication, learning outcomes, and sample size. Overall, the Problem-Based Learning model is very useful in increasing students' potential in facing the 21st century.