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This study aims to examine differences in students' aggressive behavior in terms of intact families and divorced families. This research uses quantitative research methods with a comparative study approach. The population in this study was 822 students in classes X and XI at SMK Negeri 9 Padang with a total sample of 355 students. The data collection technique uses an aggressive behavior instrument using a Likert model scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and difference test analysis (T-test). The research results show: (1) the aggressive behavior of students who come from intact families is included in the low category with a percentage of 53.49%, (2) the aggressive behavior of students who come from divorced families is included in the low category with a percentage of 79.38%, (3 ) there is a significant difference in students' aggressive behavior in terms of intact families and divorced families at SMK Negeri 9 Padang, where the t value is -13.410 with a Sig.(2 tailed) value obtained of 0.001 or <0.05. Based on the results of this research, guidance and counseling teachers can provide assistance with information services, individual counseling, group counseling and group guidance services in dealing with aggressive behavior in students.

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian sosiolinguistik dalam kajian bahasa jual beli. Dalam transaksi jual beli, para pelaku transaksi menggunakan bahasa paling mudah dimengerti dengan tujuan saling untung. Pedangang tradisional menggunakan bahasa lisan halus dan sopan, sedangkan pedagang modern lebih dominan menggunakan bahasa tulisan yang komunikatif dan menarik. Keduanya sama sama bertujuan untuk menarik pembeli. Tujuan penulis adalah mempelajari dan mencari perbedaan bahasa tersebut yang digunakan oleh pelaku transaksi jual beli di pasar tradisional dan pasar modern (swalayan) yang ada di kota Semarang.

Pancasila dan bhinneka tunggal ika sangat penting bagi bangsa Indonesia.Bukan hanya sebagai semboyan melainkan lebih sebagai alat pemersatu bangsa. Pada era politik ini, bhineka tunggal ika sedang diuji oleh kelompok-kelompok yang menggunakan politik identitas untuk meraih kekuasaan bahkan dengan cara mengubah pancasila dan bhineka tunggal ika menjadi khalifah dan syariat islam. Kelompok-kelompok beraliran ekstrim ini sangat berbahaya bagi keutuhan NKRI (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) karena Indonesia terdari dari berbagai suku bangsa, agama, ras yang berbeda yang disatukan dengan pancasila dan bhineka tunggal ika sehingga apabila bhineka tunggal ika dan pancasila diubah maka dikhawatirkan Indonesia akan pacah atau bubar

Pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi ini pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Resto Cafe 5 Lantai akan membutuhkan pendekatan inovatif untuk menyelesaikan masalah konstruksi yang tidak sesuai. Oleh karena itu, penerapan mode konstruksi dapat membantu menyelesaikan konstruksi. Pondasi merupakan bagian bawah bangunan bangunan yang menahan dengan gaya-gaya beban atas. Pemilihan metode konstruksi pondasi mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keakuratan konstrusksi. Tanah juga memiliki perbedaan kondisi dengan rencana seperti, kelembaban tanah akibat hujan, tiang yang menimbulkan kebisingan, pencemaran udara, dan faktor lainnya. Pondasi harus diperhatikan untuk menjamin kestabilan terhadap gaya luar seperti berat bangunan sendiri, beban isi bangunan, tekanan angina, dan gempa bumi. Pondasi terdiri dua jenis yaitu pondasi dangkal dan pondasi dalam. Dalam proyek ini berdasarkan data yang diperoleh hasil sondir untuk struktur angunan 44 meter. Dan proyek ini menggunakan tiang pancang karena relatif, pengirimian yang signifikan. Dan pada proyek ini menggukan metode konstruksi tiang pancang yaitu metode jack-in-pile yang dapat mengurangi polusi suara lingkungan.

Pendidikan non-formal adalah pendidikan yang dilakukan di luar sistem pendidikan formal. Pendidikan non-formal dapat dilakukan secara berjenjang ataupun tidak berjenjang. Dan peserta didik dari pendidikan non-formal selain memiliki kesamaan dengan peserta didik jalur formal, juga memiliki karakteristik yang menjadi pembeda dengan peserta didik jalur formal. Fokus penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui bagaimana persamaan antara peserta didik home schooling lembaga bumi baca ceria dengan peserta didik formal, 2) mengetahui karakteristik dari peserta didik home schooling lembaga bumi baca ceria, 3) mengetahui kebutuhan spesifik peserta didik home shcooling lembaga bumi baca ceria. Tujuan penelitian adalah:1) untuk mengetahui persamaan peserta didik home schooling lembaga bumi baca ceria dengan peserta didik jalur formal, 2) untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari peserta didik home schooling lembaga bumi baca ceria, 3) untuk mengetahui kebutuhan spesifik peserta didik home schooling lembaga bumi baca ceria. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Home Schooling Bumi Baca Ceria dan peserta didik formal memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan yang menjadi ciri khas keduanya. Dan diantara ciri khas dari peserta didik Home Schooling Bumi Baca Ceria adalah dari segi kurikulumnya. Kurikulum yang ditempuh oleh peserta didik Home Schooling Bumi Baca Ceria disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik tersebut.

The price difference between the price tag and the cashier's price that occurs at Suba Suka Store is a form of violation of consumer rights, so that legal certainty is needed to protect the rights and obligations of consumers and business actors. The formulation of this research problem are: (a) How is legal protection for consumers who experience price differences between price tags and cashier's prices according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection? (b) What is the responsibility of business actors regarding price differences between price tags and cashier's prices experienced by consumers at Suba Suka Store, Kupang City? The objectives of this research are:  (a) To determine the legal protection for consumers who experience price differences based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection; and (b) To determine the form of responsibility of business actors in handling the problem of price differences at Suba Suka Store in Kupang City. The results showed that (a) Legal protection for consumers who experience price differences is clearly regulated, but in its implementation based on existing provisions, it has not been carried out properly because there has been no complaint to be resolved directly by the authorized party, namely BPSK at the NTT Provincial Disperindag, so that when consumers file a complaint (b) the form of responsibility of the Suba Suka Store is to provide prices according to what is found by the store, the rest is the right of consumers to decide to continue or cancel the transaction. The conclusions in this paper are: (a) The legal protection provided has not been implemented properly because it has never been resolved by the authorized party, either directly or indirectly (b) errors in the price tag and cashier's price are things that need to be paid attention to again by the Suba Suka Store to become their full responsibility to solve the problem of price differences that occur. The author's suggestions (a) it is necessary to increase supervision and provide socialization about consumer protection (b) every business actor pays more attention to replacing price tags (c) consumers are expected to be smarter and increase awareness when they realize their rights are being violated (d) to further researchers so that they can continue this research to support this thesis.         

Procurement of Goods and Services at PT. Sarana Remaja Mandiri still use conventional systems. By using the Mekari Journal, as a procurement process in the company, it will have a significant impact on developing more efficient procurement. Organizations across all industries rely on Procurement Management expertise to source and manage relationships with external suppliers, ensuring these needed goods are obtained at the best cost. This aims to determine differences in procurement of goods and services at PT. Sarana Remaja Mandiri. The method used is the Mekari Journal, which makes it easier to document the documentation process for procurement of goods and services at PT. Sarana Remaja Mandiri. The Mekari journal will record the entire PO process that has been issued, delivery status, and payment status. Mekari Journal makes it easier for related parties in the company to access the progress of the goods and services procurement process. After analyzing and discussing the problem, the author comes to the conclusion that in the PO (purchase order) process, Jurnal Mekari helps in the efficiency process because by using this software, the procurement party only needs to enter related data such as supplier name, PO number, item name, number of items. , etc. By filling in the data in the Mekari Journal in the Purchase Order section, a PO will automatically be issued along with a template. So, companies don't need to create templates for PO documents.

In the current era, many institutions compete to build an image. Public relations (public relations) or what is usually called public relations (PR), is something that is familiar to every educational institution and institution outside of education. Public relations is one of the strategies in forming an institution's image, both positive and negative. This type of research method uses library research or library research. The results of the research The basic function of Public Relations (PR) is not to present the organization's views or public attitudes, but to reconcile or adjust to the public interest any personal aspect of the organization or corporate behavior that has social significance. So here PR functions to help organizations make adjustments to the environment in which the organization operates. The importance of the position of PR for the organization and for the organization's reputation. Political, social and technological changes in society at large, coupled with the emergence of a global economy, have increasingly confirmed the need for PR programs to be implemented. Through regular strategies at every level of business. What should not be forgotten is that every member of an organization is a representative of a company or organization, and all their behavior will reflect the overall image of the company or organization. By creating, implementing, monitoring and measuring a professional PR strategy, each organization can feel comfortable with itself, and employees or members of the organization will also feel comfortable with their leaders.

Boat lift net is a fishing tool that operates at night. This tool has the aim of getting catches in large quantities by using light aids from lamps. This research aims to investigate the effect of different colors of lights on the catch of anchovies (Stolephorus sp) on boat fishing gear in the waters of Karantu Serang, Banten. The experimental fishing method will be used with two different colored lights, namely green and white. Anchovy catch data will be collected and analyzed to evaluate whether there are significant differences in the number of anchovy catches caught in the two different light colors. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a better understanding of the influence of different colors of lights on the catch of anchovies (Stolephorus sp) on boat fishing gear in the Karangantu waters of Serang, Banten.      

In fishing, the majority of the Gisik Cemandi villagers use gill nets as fishing gear, which also affects the catch of white snapper. The practice of pulling nets at different times can produce different catches. The purpose of this research is to identify the composition of the gillnet catch. And to analyze the effect of differences in towing time on the gillnet catch. And to find out the optimal towing time in catching white snapper using gillnet fishing gear. Data analysis uses statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Normality to ensure that the data analyzed is appropriate. To see whether or not there is an effect of the soaking time, if there is a significant effect, the statistical analysis is continued with the BNT Test for the soaking time with which time gives the best white snapper catch. These results indicate that there is a significant difference in the catch variable between the 4-hour treatment with 3 hours and 2 hours.    

The impact of LBW poses many risks regarding problems in the body's system due to unstable body condition which can cause death. The causes of LBW are due to fetal factors, placental factors and maternal factors. Preeclampsia is a problem of serious maternal factors and has a high level of complexity. The results of the preliminary study in 2021 totaled 34 people with preeclampsia and 60 cases of low birth weight babies. Research objective is to determine the effectiveness of compresses of warm water and hibiscus leaves in lowering the body temperature of toddlers in the Banua Lawas Health Center area. The research methods is Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test research design without a control group. A sample of 30 people were divided into warm water compress groups and hibiscus leaf compress groups. Collecting data by observing according to SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). Data analysis using wilxocon. Resulted that the mean temperature in the warm water compress group before being given was 36.9°C and after being given was 36.3°C (the difference was 0.58°C). The average temperature in the hibiscus leaf compress group before being given was 36.8 °C and after being given 36.1 °C (the difference was 0,33 °C). There is a difference between warm water compresses and hibiscus leaves in reducing temperature in toddlers with fever in the Banua Lawas Health Center area (p-value ˂ 0.000). Concluded that both types of compresses are effective in reducing body temperature in children with fever but warm water compresses are more effective than hibiscus leaf compresses.

The aim of this research is to determine the differences in social studies learning outcomes between regular and boarding school students. This research uses a quantitative approach with comparative methods. Data collection techniques use tests and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the t test. From the results of calculations that have been carried out using the t test with a significance level of 5%, the calculated value of tcount ≤ ttable or 1.462 ≤ 2.005746 is obtained. So Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted. It can be concluded from the results of these calculations that there is no significant difference in social studies learning outcomes between regular schools and boarding schools. This is proven by the R2 obtained which was only 2.9% while the remaining 97.1% was influenced by other variables.

Dalam kehidupan rumah tangga sering terjadi pertentangan dan perbedaan pendapat yang sering berujung pada tindak kekerasan fisik maupun psikis yang dilakukan suami terhadap isteri atau sebaliknya. Untuk mencegah, melindungi korban dan menindak pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, negara dan masyarakat wajib melaksanakan pencegahan, perlindungan dan penindakan terhadap pelaku sesuai falsafah Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Negara berpandangan bahwa segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan serta bentuk diskriminasi. Oleh karenanya perlu diadakan pencegahan dan penindakan terhadap pelaku dengan menggunakan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Kata kunci : pencegahan, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.

As a country with different religious backgrounds, this diversity is one of the important advantages in building social harmony and diversity. The value of religious tolerance is also reflected in government policies that prioritize the protection of religious freedom and prohibit discrimination based on religious belief. The importance of religious tolerance in Indonesian society is also reflected in the efforts of the government, non-governmental organizations, and religious communities to encourage interfaith dialogue, strengthen comprehensive religious education, and support interfaith social activities. Through this initiative, Indonesians can raise awareness of the importance of religious tolerance and build a solid foundation for inter-religious harmony. This can be seen from the people in the Cipta Menanggal Block 65 Surabaya environment and the people of Balun Village, Turi, Lamongan. Although the two communities have differences, they have similarities in tolerance, both tribal tolerance and religious tolerance. In addition, celebrations and commemorations of religious days and have similarities in accepting mixed marriages among the younger generation. There is still mutual respect as human beings, as well as religious people

Keris merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan, dan dikenalkan untuk generasi sekarang. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran yang dilakukan, ditemukan data bahwa masih adanya masyarakat Surakarta yang beranggapan bahwa keris hanya digunakan sebagai pajangan atau jimat yang masih disangkut-pautkan dengan hal-hal yang berkaitan mistis.  Selain itu kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pengetahuan tentang keris dan adanya perbedaan antara keris dalam keraton dan luar keraton Surakarta masih sangat minim di masyarakat. Sehingga perlu adanya media informasi yang mampu memperkenalkan dan memberikan informasi mengenai keris Keraton dan perbedaan keris ini dengan keris luar Keraton melalui media audio visual, salah satunya adalah film dokumenter. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif dan strategi linier dalam proses perancangan film dokumenter, sehingga diharapkan mampu menghasilkan media informasi audio visual yang dapat memberikan pengenalan secara detail dan aktual mengenai detail keris dalam keraton dan perbedaanya dengan keris luar keraton kepada masyarakat Surakarta secara khusus dan masyarakat Indonesia secara umum.

Penelitian ini menerapkan metode event study terhadap peristiwa penyerangan Rusia ke Ukraina, dengan fokus pada pembuktian empiris mengenai adanya kembalian tidak normal sekitar peristiwa tersebut, serta perbedaan kembalian tidak normal sebelum dan selama peristiwa. Riset ini bersifat sensus dengan melibatkan 45 saham yang tergabung di Indeks Liquid 45 sebagai populasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui sumber sekunder, di antaranya harga saham penutupan secara harian dan IHSG secara harian. Analisis data berbasis pendekatan statistika parametriks, yaitu uji-t satu sampel dan uji-t sampel berpasangan. Secara statistika, penelitian ini menemukan bukti mengenai adanya kembalian tidak normal, meskipun tidak signifikan, di seputar peristiwa penyerangan Rusia ke Ukraina. Selain itu, terdapat anomali yang tidak signifikan antara kembalian abnormal sebelum dan selama peristiwa tersebut. Kesimpulan dari riset ini adalah bahwa capital market Indonesia dikatakan sebagai market efisien semi kuat secara informasi. Temuan ini dapat menjadi acuan investor dalam pengalokasian dana, bertujuan memperoleh portofolio yang optimal.

Kosmetik dari bahan alam sudah telah mengalami pengembangan karena banyak diproduksi oleh beberapa industri dalam bidang kosmetik. Rambut merupakan bagian dari tubuh yang  menghiasi kepala manusia dengan kebutuhan estetika, sehingga tidak heran jika banyak orang yang sangat memperhatikan kesehatan rambutnya dengan cara merawat atau memperbaiki rambut yang sudah rusak dan juga mencegah rambut dari hal-hal yang merugikan yaitu seperti seperti rambut ronotk, rambut kering, berminyak dan berketombe, yang mengganggu proses pertumbuhan rambut. Formulasi sampo herbal sebagai alternatif lain untuk memanfaatkan bahan. Tanaman murbei (Morus alba L.)merupakan tanaman dengaan beragai manfaat dalam bidang pengobatan maupun dalam bidang kosmetik. Praktikum formulasi shampo yang sudah dilakukan kemudian dilakukan pengujian stabilitas sediaan dan uji aktivitas antiketombe antara lain yaitu uji organoleptik, pH, tinggi busah, dan uji aktivitas antiketombe dengan bakteri P.ovale. Hasil yang diperoleh dengan warna putih, coklat, soklat tua, bentuk sediaan kental, aroma menthol dan bentuk kental, pH sediaan 8, tinnggi busa 4,2 dan 8,2 serta daya hambat bakteri sebesar 1,266 cm, 1,466 cm dan 1,3 cm. Pengaruh perbedaan kosentrasi ekstrak yaitu terhadap warna dan aroma, dan juga pada daya hambat antibakteri.

Minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh mengandung eugenol yang memiliki efektivitas farmakologi sebagai anti nyeri dan anti radang. Sediaan topikal yang digunakan untuk mengatasi nyeri dan radang pada kulit adalah gel. Gelling agent yang sering digunakan untuk membuat sediaan gel adalah CMC-Na dan karbopol. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan komposisi CMC-Na dan karbopol terhadap karakteristik sediaan fisik gel minyak atsiri cengkeh. Sediaan gel minyak atsiri dibuat dengan 5 formula yang terdiri dari 0,2% minyak atsiri cengkeh, 0,18 % metil paraben, 0,2 % propil paraben, 15 % propilenglikol, dan 82,42 % akuades, dengan variasi komposisi CMC-Na dan karbopol. Parameter karakteristik sediaan fisik gel yang diuji adalah uji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, viskositas, daya lekat, dan daya sebar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aroma, pH, dan homogenitas dari kelima formula tersebut adalah sama yaitu aroma cengkeh, pH 6, dan homogen. Perbedaannya ditunjukkan oleh parameter viskositas, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan bentuk yaitu semakin besar konsentrasi karbopol maka semakin besar viskositas, daya lekat, dan tekstur kekentalan dari gel-nya, tetapi sebaliknya daya sebar semakin menurun. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah basis karbopol memberikan tekstur gel yang lebih kental dan berwarna bening daripada CMC-Na tetapi memiliki daya sebar kurang.

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

This research to find out to describe the ability to understand concepts of male and female students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa in solving geometry problems. The type of research used is describtive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this research was students of class VIII.D SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa as many as 2 students, 1 male students and 1 female students who were selected based on the data of the highest report card scores. The instrument used is a concept understanding test and interview guidelines. The results showed that there were differences in the ability to understand concepts between female students and male students with the following descriptions: (1) the ability to understand concepts of female students in the triangle material was able to meet 5 indicators of understanding the concept of interpretting, exemplifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing and not fulfilling 2 indicators of understanding the concept of classifying and explaining. (2) the concept understanding ability of male students in the triangle material is able to meet the 4 indicators of understanding the concept of interpretting, exemplifying, classifying, inferring and not meeting the 3 indicators of understanding the concept of summarizing, comparing, and explaining. Thus it can be said that female students have a better understanding of concepts than male students.