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The condition of coral reefs in Bali, especially in Badung Regency, is severely damaged due to waste from tourism activities. Conflicts of interest between traditional fishermen and tourism operators as well as limited funding are inhibiting factors for restoration efforts. This research aims to formulate ecological empowerment strategies based on multi-stakeholder collaboration in sustainable coral reef restoration in coastel areas of Bali. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach that utilizes secondary data sources. Some areas such as Nusa Penida show restoration success thanks to collaboration between NGOs and local communities. SWOT analysis shows the potential for ecotourism development as an opportunity for coral reef sustainability, but the threat from climate change remains a concern. The results emphasize that cross-actor collaboration, active community participation, and the support of local values such as Tri Hata Karana can increase restoration effectiveness. The implications of this research point to the importance of community capacity building, collaborative policy support, and local wisdom-based approaches as the basis for inclusive and sustainable marine conservation strategies.  

Library Management in Efforts to Improve Students’ Literacy Skills at SMK Negeri 2 Panyabungan, aims to examine library management, students’ literacy abilities, and the supporting and inhibiting factors in enhancing literacy. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected from librarians, students, the principal, and teachers. The findings show that library management consists of planning (goal setting, forming a literacy team, and planning programs such as morning assemblies), implementation (reading before lessons and searching for additional materials in the library), and evaluation (monitoring library visits, book loans, and the book collection). Students' literacy skills are considered good, as demonstrated through morning assembly activities, reading before classes, and active participation. Supporting factors include well-organized book collections, adequate facilities, and collaboration between the school administration, teachers, and librarians. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include poorly managed library visitation schedules, limited technological facilities, and an insufficient number of computers compared to the number of students. The study concludes that effective library management plays a significant role in improving students’ literacy, although further support is needed to overcome existing challenges.

The subject of Aqidah Akhlaq in Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah (MDT) plays a central role in establishing the foundations of faith and commendable character from an early age. However, the transformation of values from the classroom into real-life habituation is often inconsistent, creating a gap between moral knowing and moral action. This study aims to describe the perceptions of 4th-grade MDT students regarding the application of Aqidah Akhlaq values in daily life, identify the influencing factors, and analyze implications for character formation. A qualitative descriptive approach supported by simple percentage data was employed. The subjects were 28 fourth-grade students of MDT Al Anwar, Grobogan Regency, selected through purposive sampling, with 5 students as in-depth interview informants, 1 teacher, and 1 parent as triangulation informants. Data were collected through eight sessions of participatory observation, a four-point Likert scale questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and student habituation journal documentation. Analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). Results showed that 85.7% of students perceived Aqidah Akhlaq values as a genuine life necessity, not merely examination material. The most consistent application was observed in respect toward teachers (89.3%) and disciplined ablution (78.6%), while independence in performing prayers at home and academic honesty remained fluctuating and dependent on external supervision. Key factors building positive perceptions were teacher exemplarity, structured daily habituation systems, and active family support, while digital media exposure served as the primary inhibiting factor. This study recommends a more structured synergy among the three pillars of education as the key to consistent and autonomous value internalization.

Stunting is a condition of impaired growth and development in children. It is a social issue that frequently occurs in communities, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. This research aims to explain the implementation of stunting reduction programs conducted in the Kota Selatan District and to identify the inhibiting factors in the implementation of these programs in Gorontalo City. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, which allows for a more detailed understanding of the issues being examined.Based on the research findings, the stunting prevention and reduction program in the Kota Selatan District has been implemented properly. The program involved cross-sector collaboration, including the district head, the Gorontalo City Health Department, and the Kota Selatan Community Health Center. As of 2024, the number of children experiencing stunting in the district was recorded at 42. However, several factors were identified as problems with effective implementation. These include the lack of community awareness and participation, which hinders program effectiveness, the aid distribution that is not well-targeted and poor coordination and communication between institutions. These factors collectively slow down the stunting program's implementation process.

The role of the village government in improving the quality of administrative services at the village office is part of an effort to realize professional public services that focus on community satisfaction. The village government acts both as a policymaker and a service provider, responsible for delivering an orderly, fast, and transparent administrative system. This research was conducted at the Tenilo Village Office in Tilamuta District. This study aims to determine the extent of the village government's role in improving the quality of administrative services at the Tenilo Village Office, Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources consist of both primary and secondary data. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings at the Tenilo Village Office in Tilamuta District indicate that the government has played an active role in enhancing the quality of administrative services. However, there are still several inhibiting factors in improving service quality. Internal factors include: (1) inadequate service facilities, (2) limited skills and capabilities, and (3) budget constraints. Meanwhile, external challenges involve: (1) lack of community participation.

Background: Tembuku Village has been recorded as having the highest number of non-contraceptive users in Bangli Regency, with a total of 815 individuals. Among them, 174 women (21.3%) are women of reproductive age (WRA) over 35 years old who do not use contraception. This age group falls under the “Four Too” category, which poses a high risk for maternal and infant mortality. Purpose: This study aims to describe the factors influencing the decision of WRA over 35 years old not to use contraception in the working area of Puskesmas Tembuku II. Method: A descriptive method was employed, with a population of 174 women. A total of 119 respondents were selected using stratified sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using univariate analysis. Result: The results showed that most respondents had a basic level of education, were multigravida, had household incomes below the regional minimum wage, and possessed moderate knowledge about family planning. However, more than half held unfavorable attitudes toward contraceptive use. The main factors influencing the decision not to use contraception were education level, parity, household income, and attitude. Conclusion: Unfavorable (negative) attitudes towards contraception are the main factor inhibiting the use of family planning,Therefore, health workers are expected to provide more communicative and easily understood education to increase awareness and participation in contraception use among women over 35 years old

This study examines the role of the Disability Service Center (PLD) in Blitar City as a social policy instrument aimed at enhancing justice and access to services for Children with Special Needs (CSN). The main objective is to analyze the implementation of social policy through the integrated services provided by PLD, including diagnostic assessments, psychological therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech therapy, and transition education, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies for data collection. Findings reveal that PLD has successfully increased both the quantity and quality of services reaching various types of disabilities, supported by a multidisciplinary team of experts and adequate facilities. Active involvement of parents and teachers strengthens family empowerment and the sustainability of therapies. However, challenges such as social stigma, limited human resources, and funding constraints remain significant barriers. This study emphasizes that robust social policies and cross-sector collaboration are key to the success of inclusive services for CSN. Implications highlight the need to enhance human resource capacity, strengthen regulations, and broaden socialization efforts to optimize services and support social inclusion. Further research with quantitative methods and long-term impact evaluation is recommended.

The quality of basic education is one of the benchmarks for the success of the national education system, including in the madrasah ibtidaiyah environment as an Islamic-based educational institution. This study aims to describe and analyze the quality improvement management strategy implemented at MI Tarbiyah Islamiyah, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, documentation studies, and in-depth interviews with key informants involved in madrasah management. The results of the study indicate that MI Tarbiyah Islamiyah implements a participatory quality planning strategy, implements internal teacher competency improvement programs, and carries out reflective and collaborative supervision and evaluation. The active involvement of stakeholders, such as the madrasah committee and parents of students, is one of the main strengths in supporting the sustainability of the quality program. However, there are still challenges in terms of technology integration, evaluation documentation, and strengthening data-based managerial systems. This study concludes that the success of quality improvement management is greatly influenced by madrasah leadership, internal collaboration, and commitment to continuous improvement.

Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the activities of the Majelis Ta'lim Kanzul Ulum cover three main areas: education, da'wah, and social service. In the field of education, the Majelis regularly holds daily religious studies, monthly religious studies, and special religious studies on Islamic holidays. In the field of da'wah, it coordinates Rebana training and manages Rebana groups, organizes Salawat Dibaiyah meetings, organizes infaq collections for those who wish to contribute, and facilitates Qurban savings programs. Meanwhile, in the social field, the Majelis plays an active role by organizing assistance for orphans and the poor, providing ta'jil, breaking the fast, and sahur during the month of Ramadan, and holding collective celebrations such as Eid al-Adha. These activities show that the Majelis Ta'lim Kanzul Ulum functions not only as a place to learn religion but also as a center for social solidarity and community empowerment. The role of the Majelis Ta'lim Kanzul Ulum in improving religious knowledge in Karyamulya District, Cirebon City, is very significant. This Majelis functions as a forum for fostering and developing religious knowledge, especially in the field of morals. This assembly also serves as a space for the intellectual and practical dimensions of religious life, fostering social piety, encouraging adherence to Islamic teachings, and strengthening the internalization of Quranic values among its congregation. For adolescents in particular, this Majelis Ta'lim provides a foundation for moral awareness, which grows from continuous exposure to religious knowledge and practices. This study also identified supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the effectiveness of the Majelis Ta'lim. Supporting factors include regular evening recitation activities, local government support, regular scheduling, strong organizational management, tolerance within the community, and the provision of food during the events.

In facing the challenges of globalization and the demands for improving the quality of education, madrasas, as Islamic elementary education institutions, are required to manage themselves inde-pendently and adaptively. This study aims to describe in detail the quality improvement manage-ment strategy based on madrasa management at MI Tarbiyah Islamiyah, analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation, and formulate relevant and applicable alternative strategies for quality enhancement. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies. The main informants consist of the head of the madrasa, a senior teacher, and the head of the madrasa committee. The results show that MI Tarbiyah Islamiyah implements quality management through participatory planning, the implementation of programs based on local needs, continuous evalua-tion, and strategic follow-up actions. Supporting factors include visionary leadership, teacher training, and active involvement of the madrasah committee. Meanwhile, the main obstacles are limited human resources, operational funding, and the utilization of technology. This study high-lights the importance of collaborative leadership, a quality-oriented work culture, and local adapta-tion in the sustainable implementation of madrasah-based quality improvement management.

This study examines the implementation of religious moderation in Bedono Village, Semarang Regency, as a response to religious diversity that has the potential to cause social conflicts. This study aims to analyze the practice of religious moderation, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and examine its impact on the social life of the community. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies, involving observation, in-depth interviews with religious leaders, communities, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that religious moderation in Bedono Village is realized through tolerance, interfaith mutual cooperation, inclusive education, and the celebration of common traditions that strengthen social cohesion. Key supporting factors include inclusive local traditions, education moderation in schools, the active role of youth organizations, community awareness, and village government support. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include a decrease in common traditions, lack of moderation materials in schools, inactivity of youth organizations, low public awareness, and lack of government policies. The positive impact of religious moderation can be seen in increasing tolerance, conflict prevention, strengthening bridges between communities, protecting minority rights, and creating harmony and social peace in society.

The learning process is the implementation of the curriculum in educational institutions to influence students to achieve predetermined goals. Lack of student enthusiasm in the learning process results in learning outcomes that are not optimal. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influencing factors and teacher strategies in improving the learning outcomes of fifth grade students in Mathematics at Al-Muhajirin Islamic Elementary School. The method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. The research findings show that student learning outcomes at Al-Muhajirin Islamic Elementary School are classified as good, but there are still students with low learning outcomes. This can be seen from the average score of the midterm exam which although it is quite satisfying, but there are students who have not reached the standard of completeness. The research conclusions include the supporting and inhibiting factors for student learning outcomes. Internal supporting factors include motivation and attitude, while external supporting factors come from relationships with parents, teachers and the environment. Meanwhile, internal inhibiting factors are motivation, intelligence, interest and talent, self-confidence, and discipline. External inhibiting factors include family, school and peer environment. The teacher's strategy in improving student learning outcomes is to provide motivation, use varied learning strategies, provide learning methods that are in accordance with the situation and conditions of students and use interesting learning media in accordance with learning materials.

This study aims to determine the Implementation of Da'wah Management in Increasing the Motivation of Members of the Al-Ikhlas Taklim Assembly to Follow the Study at the Al-Ikhlas Taklim Assembly, Pahlawan Village, Kemuning District, Palembang City. This research was conducted at the Al-Ikhlas Taklim Assembly, Pahlawan Village, Kemuning District, Palembang City. The type of research used is descriptive research, the method used in this study is by observation and interview. This study consists of two types of sources, namely primary data and secondary data. To obtain data properly and as expected, relevant methods are used. Data analysis is an effort to achieve and systematically organize records of interview results, observations, and other documentation. To improve the researcher's understanding of the case being studied and make it a finding for others. Interactive analysis techniques according to Miles and Huberman are analysis techniques used to identify, categorize, and interpret qualitative data. Based on the results of the research conducted on the application of da'wah management in increasing the motivation of members of the taklim assembly to attend religious studies at the Al-Ikhlas Taklim Assembly, Pahlawan Village, Kemuning District, Palembang City and after going through the discussions that have been presented in the previous chapters supported by existing data and theories, it can be concluded that: The application of da'wah management at the Al-Ikhlas Taklim Assembly, Palembang is running well with effective planning, organizing, and evaluation, thus increasing the motivation of members to attend religious studies. Supporting factors for motivation include the desire to deepen religious knowledge, a comfortable environment, and relevant materials. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are concurrent activities and bad weather. Members of the taklim assembly are motivated to increase their faith, friendship, and be a good example for their families.

The development of digital technology has encouraged organisations to adopt big data analytics in human resource management (HRM), but there are still challenges in leveraging it for effective decision-making. This study aims to investigate the effect of big data utilisation on the quality of HR decision-making and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation. A quantitative method with purposive sampling survey was conducted on 100-150 respondents from companies that have implemented big data-based management information systems and HR analytics. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The results showed that big data analytics significantly improved the quality of HR decision-making, with HR digital competencies and organisational culture as important mediating factors. However, challenges related to cultural resistance and limited expertise were found to affect the effectiveness of implementation. The practical implications of this research emphasise the importance of HR digital capacity building and ethical data governance to support the transformation of HRM into an adaptive strategic function in the digital era. This research also contributes to the development of data-driven management theory with a holistic approach that integrates technical, human, and ethical aspects.

In his research, the author focuses on three problem formulations, (1). What are the indicators used in evaluating the success of da'wah activities? (2). To what extent does the application of da'wah activity evaluation contribute to improving the quality of da'wah? (3). What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process of evaluating da'wah activities? This study uses qualitative research, namely research that aims to gain a deep understanding of (Implementation of Da'wah Activity Evaluation Aimed at Improving the Quality of Da'wah) Data collection techniques used in this study include: interviews, observations, and documentation. While the data analysis used is by using qualitative descriptive analysis using inductive techniques, namely data mining in the field, then data reduction and data presentation are carried out, then conclusions are drawn. The results of the study show that: Evaluation in da'wah communication provides an understanding that preachers (D'ai) need to assess and evaluate the communication process carried out. This aims to improve and increase the effectiveness of da'wah. Evaluation of da'wah activities is an important tool for improving the quality of da'wah communication. By conducting systematic evaluations, preachers can identify strengths and weaknesses in their approach, and adjust strategies to achieve better results in the future. Implementing effective evaluation and showing how evaluation can improve the overall success of the da'wah program.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of multi-stakeholder collaboration in the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program in Bunut District, Pelalawan Regency. The PTSL program as a government effort to provide legal certainty over land ownership requires cooperation from various stakeholders in its implementation. With a qualitative approach and case study design, this study uses the collaborative governance framework from Emerson et al. (2012) to analyze three main dimensions of collaboration: principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 27 informants, participant observation, focus group discussions, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that multi-stakeholder collaboration in the implementation of PTSL in Bunut District shows varying effectiveness in various dimensions. In the principled engagement dimension, collaboration is quite effective in the aspects of discovery and definition, but is still limited in the aspects of deliberation and determination. In the shared motivation dimension, there are limitations in building mutual trust and understanding between the community and technical agencies. Meanwhile, in the capacity for joint action dimension, there are strengths in the aspects of procedural arrangements and leadership, but significant limitations in the aspects of knowledge and resources. Supporting factors for collaboration include political commitment, community awareness, the role of traditional leaders, effective communication platforms, and academic involvement. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include differences in interests between stakeholders, limited technical capacity at the village level, communication and coordination problems, historical land complexity, and budget constraints. The study recommends strategies to increase the effectiveness of collaboration through strengthening multi-stakeholder forum institutions, developing technical capacity, increasing transparency and accountability, developing effective conflict resolution mechanisms, strengthening the role of village governments, and allocating adequate resources. The research findings contribute to the development of collaborative governance theory in the Indonesian context, especially in rural areas with unique socio-cultural characteristics.  

This study explores the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Islamic Religious Education at Elementary School 13 Pulau Rimau, including its supporting and inhibiting factors. Using a qualitative descriptive case study, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The study found that effective implementation of PBL requires thorough planning involving syllabus, lesson plans, objectives, methods, media, and resources. The learning process follows five main PBL stages and assesses students' attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The research recommends teachers to improve and develop their use of PBL to enhance student-centered learning and ensure more meaningful educational experiences. 

Essentially, humans are equipped with their own individual characteristics from birth. However, over time, new traits will form and become the characteristics that are attached to each individual. The purpose of this study is to examine the character education program in the Pasukan Khusus Extracurricular at Senior High School 1 Cerme, the management process conducted, supporting factors and optimization activities, as well as the inhibiting factors and their solutions. The research method used is qualitative with a case study type. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation. The data validity test used is credibility testing. The Pasukan Khusus Extracurricular at Senior High School 1 Cerme has five character education programs, namely: junior training (diklat junior), upgrading character, nationalism visits (kunjungan nasionalisme), attribute inspection (pemeriksaan atribut), and routine evaluations (evaluasi rutin). Pasukan Khusus Extracurricular at Senior High School 1 Cerme follows the stages of character education program management well, starting from planning, organizing, implementation, and supervision. Supporting factors include a high commitment from human resources, intensive communication between parties, support from the school, and a positive organizational culture. The optimization activities emphasize commitment and loyalty among members, full support for the program from the school, and the preservation of a good organizational culture. There are also inhibiting factors such as limited financial support, the time-consuming permission process from the school and parents, and some human resources who engage in deviations. The solutions to these problems include member contributions, sponsorships, minimizing the use of funds, submitting proposals well in advance of program implementation, and issuing warnings and sanctions to members who violate the rules.

Public services today are additional needs whose role is very important in society because they can relieve the community and help national development which aims to realize a just and prosperous society in the era of economic democracy. However, public services are indeed loaded with various problems, what's more, the range itself is very wide, covering both the profit and non-profit sectors. One of the means of shipping goods that can be used is PT Pos Indonesia. Atambua Branch Post Office is one of the branches of PT Pos Indonesia which operates for the Belu Regency area, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The formulation of the problems in this study are (1) How is the responsibility given by PT. Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch for the delivery of lost or damaged goods? (2) How are the obstacles to the implementation of the responsibility for lost or damaged goods provided by PT. Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch? The type of research used by the author is Empirical Legal research, the type of data used in this research is qualitative data. The data used in the research based on the relevance of the source data, namely primary and secondary data. The results of the study suggest that: (1) Liability for lost shipments by PT Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch, namely by providing compensation of 1 (one) x shipping costs and plus one time compensation guarantee that has been included in the proof of delivery receipt. If the shipment is damaged but part of the shipment can still be functioned, PT Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch provides compensation of 1 (one) x shipping costs and plus half x the cost of the guarantee of compensation that has been included in the proof of delivery receipt, but if it is totally damaged and loses its function, it will be given compensation of 1 (one) x shipping costs and add 1 (one) x the cost of compensation that has been included in the proof of delivery receipt. (2) The inhibiting factors are the lack of communication between PT Pos Indonesia and service users, negligence from PT Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch (Courier) which still often closes communication with the Foreman related to these problems.

This research discusses community empowerment in social conditions where problems occur in the community, especiallymothers or lower middle class people who are looking for a shortcut to finance familylife on basicneeds by lending money from moneylenders. That the familyis high, the low average familyincome and the high cost of living make them feel that their quality of life is threatened. The solution to overcome this problem must be a driving agency from the government or what is meant is community empowerment, namely the Leder-Free Village (KBR) Program which provides spiritual training, training assistance, business capital to the community so that prosperous and quality families are created. This research aims to determine the process of stages of community empowerment activities,family resilience and determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in the Money Loan Free Village program. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results of this research show that the Leder-Free Village program achieves community empowerment in terms of family resilience, namely that the beneficiary members get business capital and create social change from economic, social and spiritual independence, so that achieve the condition of the family in their lives independently and more empowered.