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 The development of major cities in Indonesia, including Medan, is inseparable from complex social, economic, and political dynamics. This transformation often leads to a mismatch between the city's image and its local identity, reduced access to adequate housing, and the decline of public open spaces, particularly in urban fringe areas such as Pulo Brayan. In fact, public spaces play a crucial role in supporting social interaction and ecological functions within a city. This study focuses on the importance of redesigning public space in the Pulo Brayan area using a sustainable architectural approach. The main objective is to create a public space that can address social, economic, and environmental challenges in an integrated manner. The proposed design emphasizes the integration of historical values, active community participation, and ecological functionality to support the realization of sustainable cities, in line with the principles of Sustainable Cities and Communities. Thus, this design is expected to serve as a contextual, inclusive, and sustainable model for public space regeneration.

This study examines the intellectual contributions of Ibn Sina (980–1037 AD) to the development of Islamic philosophy and modern science. As a prominent polymath, Ibn Sina successfully combined Aristotelian and Neoplatonic ideas with Islamic theology, thereby forming a systematic philosophical framework that influenced both the Islamic world and medieval Europe. The main objectives of this study are to analyze Ibn Sina's role in the history of Islamic philosophy, his contributions to the advancement of science, and the relevance of his thoughts in the contemporary era. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach, focusing on primary and secondary sources related to Ibn Sina's works and their historical impact. The results of this study show that Ibn Sina's works, particularly Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb and Al-Syifa, have not only been the main references in the fields of medicine and philosophy for centuries, but also laid the foundation for the development of modern science. The implication of this research is that Ibn Sina's intellectual legacy remains relevant in today's academic discourse, emphasizing the importance of integrating philosophy, science, and religion in building human civilization.

PT. YGI, an automotive manufacturing company, uses the Press Injection GB-36 machine in its production process. However, this machine frequently experiences failures, causing high downtime and reduced production efficiency. This study aims to identify the types of failures, determine the most critical components, and propose a maintenance system using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative, involving FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), Logic Tree Analysis (LTA), and maintenance action selection. Data were collected through observations, historical failure documentation, and interviews. The analysis results indicate that components such as the injection nozzle, heating, and clamping are the most critical, contributing over 80% of total failures based on Pareto analysis and the highest RPN values in FMEA. Proposed maintenance actions include Condition Directed and Time Directed approaches. Additionally, the maintenance system is supplemented with standard operating procedures (SOP) and routine inspection schedules to improve machine reliability and reduce production downtime. This study is expected to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the Press Injection GB-36 machine at PT. YGI through the appropriate implementation of RCM.

The doctrine of Sola Scriptura, which positions Scripture as the supreme authority in matters of faith and practice, has been a foundational pillar for Protestant Christianity. However, its application within the dynamic context of modern Christian Religious Education (CRE) faces significant challenges that necessitate a critical evaluation. This study employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to comprehensively investigate the interplay between this theological principle and contemporary educational praxis. The research is conducted by systematically gathering and analyzing a wide range of textual sources, including seminal theological works on Sola Scriptura, current CRE curricula, relevant scholarly articles, and educational policy documents. The analysis describes the core tenets of the principle as historically understood, followed by an examination of its practical implementation in educational settings. The study identifies and elucidates key challenges, such as the rise of historical-critical biblical interpretation, increasing religious pluralism, the pervasive influence of secularism, and the pedagogical shift towards student-centered learning models that prioritize personal experience. The findings reveal a critical tension between the exclusive truth claims inherent in Sola Scriptura and the inclusive, relativistic environment of the modern world. The study concludes that for CRE to remain relevant and effective, it must develop thoughtful pedagogical strategies that faithfully uphold the authority of Scripture while simultaneously engaging with these contemporary challenges. This necessitates a move beyond a mere transmission of doctrine towards fostering a critical and reflective faith among learners, enabling them to navigate the complexities of the modern age.

This study examines the doctrine of Pietism within the context of postmodern culture, highlighting a gap in the literature that connects the rich historical and spiritual heritage of Pietism with contemporary philosophical challenges. The central issue explored is how this revivalist movement, which emphasizes personal piety and lived religious experience, can maintain its relevance and authenticity amid the dominant postmodern tendencies of relativism and excessive individualism. The purpose of this research is to critically analyze the potentials and risks of Pietism in the postmodern era and to propose practical recommendations for Pietist church communities to remain contextually relevant without losing their theological essence. This study employs a literature review method by examining key theological and philosophical works. The findings indicate that Pietism remains relevant due to its focus on living faith (experientia) and ethical transformation expressed through love and service, which serve as antidotes to skepticism and religious formalism. However, the movement faces a significant risk of falling into excessive subjectivism when personal experience becomes detached from the objective truth of Scripture and the communal dimension of love.

This collaborative activity aims to integrate academic learning and community service through tour guide practices at the Monpera Museum and the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum Palembang. Students are directly involved in introducing local history and culture to visitors, while also practicing communication skills and applying contextual English. The activity method includes observation, field practice, and reflection on learning outcomes. The results of the activity indicate that students gain a deeper understanding of local cultural values, increase their confidence in public communication, and develop an appreciative attitude towards Palembang's historical heritage. This activity also shows the effectiveness of the experiential learning and service-learning approach in developing academic competence as well as the social character of students. Thus, the practice of this tour guide can be utilized as a community-based learning model relevant to higher education in the fields of language, culture, and tourism.

This study aims to explore in depth the role of God in the creation of humanity as depicted in the Book of Genesis and its relevance to contemporary Christian life. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the texts of Genesis 1:26–28 and 2:7–8, supported by systematic theological perspectives from scholars such as Louis Berkhof and J. J. Davis. The findings reveal that God’s role is multidimensional: God as the Sovereign Designer, who initiates and perfectly orchestrates the creation process; the Personal Creator, who forms humans from the dust of the ground with purpose and intimacy; the Giver of Life, who breathes the breath of life into humanity; and the Mandate Giver, who delegates authority and responsibility to humans to govern His creation. This understanding has profound theological and ethical implications, particularly for the formation of Christian identity rooted in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), the strengthening of ecological responsibility toward environmental stewardship, and the cultivation of a transformative spirituality centered on living out God’s will in daily life. Therefore, this study concludes that the doctrine of creation is not merely a historical truth but an existential foundation that guides the faith, morality, and practical life of believers in responding to contemporary spiritual and social challenges.

This research discusses the event of the first revelation descending upon Prophet Muhammad SAW in the Cave of Hira as the starting point for the birth of Islamic civilization. The background of this research stems from the social and spiritual conditions of pre-Islamic Arab society, which was in the era of ignorance, characterized by idol worship, social inequality, and the loss of human values. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the historical, theological, and philosophical meanings of the first revelation and relate them to the relevance of educational and moral values in the modern context. The method used is a qualitative study with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing primary and secondary literature from interpretive sources, historical texts, and scientific journals. The research results indicate that the command "Iqra'" in Surah Al-'Alaq verses 1-5 is the foundation for the emergence of literacy, education, and scientific traditions in Islam. This value affirms the importance of the integration between faith and science as the foundation of civilization. The implications of this research confirm that the spirit of "Iqra'" must be revived in the modern education system so that young Muslim generations can develop critical, ethical, and moral character amidst the current of globalization.

Drug stock-outs are an indicator of pharmaceutical management failure that directly affects patient safety and the quality of hospital services. Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto experienced an increase in the percentage of drug debt from 3.14% in January to 6.20% in July 2025, with 1,607 patients affected. This study aims to identify the factors causing drug stock-outs and formulate preventive strategies through the optimization of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) system based on the Hospital Information System. A mixed-method approach was used, combining secondary data analysis (January–July 2025) and in-depth interviews. Fishbone analysis was applied to identify root causes, USG analysis to determine priorities, and SWOT analysis to formulate intervention strategies. Priority drug classification was carried out using the ABC-VEN method. The intervention involved implementing an MMSL pilot project for 150 drug items under Pareto category A. The analysis identified six dimensions of stock-out causes: man, materials, methods, machines, measurement, and environment. The highest priority issue was drug demand forecasting based on historical data (USG score: 125). SWOT analysis placed the organization in quadrant II, recommending a Weakness-Opportunities (WO) strategy. MMSL implementation was initiated through the development of SOPs and the entry of 150 priority drug items into the system. Drug stock-outs are caused by multifactorial issues that require systemic intervention. MMSL optimization has the potential to serve as a long-term solution, provided there is expanded coverage, strengthened human resource capacity, and comprehensive system integration.

The Industrial Revolution marked a significant milestone in the transformation of the workplace, creating a need for efficiency and more systematic structures within organizations. This development led to the emergence of various management theories, including Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management theory and Henri Fayol's general administrative theory. This study aims to examine the relationship between the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of these two theories, as well as to examine their relevance and application in the context of modern management. The method used was a descriptive qualitative literature review, reviewing various classical and contemporary literature covering three main topics. The results indicate that Taylor's theory emphasizes work efficiency through standardization and scientific supervision, while Fayol's theory highlights the importance of managerial functions and structured organizational principles. Both responded to managerial challenges during the Industrial Revolution and remain relevant today, particularly in human resource management and organizational structure. The implications of this study demonstrate the need for a historical understanding of classical management theories in order to adapt these principles to address managerial challenges in the digital era and Industry 4.0.

This research uses descriptive qualitative methods to describe and understand Indonesian historical phenomena, especially the values ​​of Pancasila during the Sriwijaya and Majapahit kingdoms. During the Srivijaya kingdom, the values ​​of Pancasila were reflected, such as divinity with harmony between religions, humanity with good relations between Sriwijaya and India, and unity in a wide area. During the Majapahit era, the principles of Pancasila were also reflected, especially in divine and humanitarian values ​​which were reflected in religious tolerance and good international relations. Apart from that, popular principles and social justice are visible through a government system that prioritizes deliberation and the welfare of the people. This research reveals how these principles have become the basis of the Indonesian state which has been reflected since the kingdom era.

This study aims to examine the development, challenges, and prospects of the Indonesian education system from a historical, regulatory, and curriculum perspective. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a library study approach, this study examines relevant literature, laws and regulations, and previous research findings. The study results indicate that the Indonesian education system is a dynamic entity, influenced by internal and external factors from the Hindu-Buddhist era, the arrival of Islam, colonialism, to the Reformation era and the Independent Curriculum. A strong legal basis through the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 20 of 2003 provides a basic framework for national education, but in practice, challenges still arise in the form of disparities in quality between regions, limited facilities, and educator readiness. The Independent Curriculum is one of the latest innovations that emphasizes flexibility, 21st-century competencies, and the Pancasila student profile, although its implementation faces technical and resource constraints. This research emphasizes the importance of consistent education policies, strengthening teacher competencies, and equalizing access and facilities as strategic steps in realizing the national goal of enlightening the nation's life and preparing a generation with character, innovation, and the ability to compete globally.

Family businesses are not only viewed as sources of economic profit but also as inheritances carrying historical and cultural values. This study focuses on the life meaning of the fourth-generation heir of Sate In Bur in Lima Puluh Kota Regency in continuing the family business that has existed for several decades. The purpose of this research is to explore the subjective meaning formed through the heir’s experiences in facing the challenges of maintaining a family enterprise. This study employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to deeply understand the reality experienced by the subject. The research subject was selected purposively based on the criterion of being an active heir currently managing the business. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal five main themes: facing declining income due to market competition, expanding business reach through innovation and digital promotion, strengthening business continuity as a moral responsibility to the family, preserving culinary heritage and local culture, and improving product quality to maintain customer loyalty. These findings indicate that the heir’s life meaning is not solely oriented toward economic aspects but also encompasses family values, cultural identity, and social responsibility in sustaining the longevity of the family business.

This article is a literature review that examines Paul Ricoeur’s concept of narrative identity and its relevance to education. Ricoeur conceives human identity as a dynamic construction shaped through narrative, namely the reflective interpretation of life experiences within the dimensions of time, social relations, and self-awareness. In this framework, education is not merely understood as a means of knowledge transmission but also as a hermeneutical space where learners construct an understanding of themselves through experience, reflection, and dialogue. Narrative enables students to coherently connect the past, present, and future, while simultaneously cultivating character, responsibility, and empathy. This article highlights the importance of narrative-based learning strategies, such as case studies, autobiographical writing, analysis of literary and historical texts, and project-based learning. Through these approaches, students are encouraged to develop a reflective and ethical identity that is open to diversity. Thus, Ricoeur’s thought provides a strong philosophical foundation for building humanistic character education in which learners are positioned as subjects who grow and transform through their own life stories.

Energy audits are an essential step in supporting the efficiency of electricity utilization, particularly in large-scale commercial buildings such as shopping malls. This study was conducted to measure and analyze electricity consumption at Pollux Malls Paragon Semarang using a direct measurement approach combined with historical monitoring of energy consumption. The main focus of the audit was on the lighting system and the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system from the Basement to the 6th Floor. Measurement results showed that the Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) ranged between 39.94–45.20 kWh/m²/month, far above the national efficiency standard (maximum 18.5 kWh/m²/month), indicating a highly wasteful energy usage condition. The two main systems contributing to the largest share of consumption were HVAC and lighting, with a combined estimated share exceeding 60% of the total monthly energy use. Based on the analysis, several energy-saving opportunities were identified, including the replacement of energy-efficient lighting (LED), installation of automatic control systems (light, temperature, and timer sensors), and regular maintenance of HVAC systems. With the implementation of technical, managerial, and operational efficiency strategies, it is estimated that energy consumption savings could reach 20–30%, or around 60,000 kWh per month, without compromising visitor comfort.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

This research aims to examine the dialectics of Islamic philosophers’ thought within the framework of Islamic philosophy of education, focusing on the ideas of Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Khaldun. The study is motivated by contemporary issues in Islamic education, which tends to emphasize cognitive and technical aspects while neglecting spiritual, moral, and social dimensions. In this context, the intellectual heritage of classical Islamic philosophers offers alternative paradigms that are more balanced, holistic, and future-oriented. The research applies a qualitative library-based design, employing philosophical hermeneutics to interpret primary texts and secondary literature. This method allows for a critical reading of the philosophers’ ideas, followed by a synthesis of their dialectical relationships. The findings reveal three major dialectics: rationality versus spirituality, represented by Al-Farabi and Al-Ghazali; individuality versus sociality, as reflected in Ibn Sina and Ibn Khaldun; and idealism versus realism, which bridges normative visions with historical realities. These dialectics do not end in opposition but generate an integrative framework for Islamic educational philosophy. The study concludes that Islamic education should be understood as a transformative process that unites intellect and heart, balances individual growth with social responsibility, and integrates ideal visions with empirical realities. The dialectics of Islamic philosophers therefore carry not only historical significance but also strategic relevance for developing Islamic curricula oriented toward nurturing the insan kamil and fostering a dignified civilization in the global era.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

The aim of this research is to find out how to surviveTemptation According to James 1:12-15 and to know Reflection on surviving trials according to the letter James 1:12-15 towards the Sangga Beru GKPPD Congregation". The research method used used in writing this scientific work is a qualitative method, namely the approach exegesis by Gordon D. Fee. The interpretation method used is of course by using terms and steps for interpreting the Bible, the steps used by the author are: including text, analyzing text, translating text, comparing translations, criticizing apparatus, grammatical and syntactic analysis, data and analysis of historical situations (cultural historical background), results of exegesis, application. The results of the study stated that everyone was able to survive then he will stand the test, and when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life God promises to whoever loves Him. And when someone experiences temptation, let no one say this is a trial comes from God because God Himself cannot be tempted by evil and God Himself does not tempt anyone, and on the other hand, temptation comes when someone tests himself because has been enticed by evil so that desire has been fertilized and will give birth to sin and sin will bring death in his life, temptation also brings holy life when someone is able to withstand trials and persevere in life. It's the same with the GKPPD Sangga congregation Beru, who was able to withstand trials and persevere, was patient for years when he experienced trials from the outside in the form of a large-scale demolition of the church so that until now it doesn't have one a proper house of worship. Even so, the Sangga Beru GKPPD congregation continued to implement it duties and responsibilities as a Christian congregation that grows and perseveres in fellowship.

This study examines the strategic role of euphemism in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, arguing that it was instrumental not only in managing collective grief but also in preserving the nation’s symbolic dignity. While much scholarship on the Gettysburg Address has concentrated on rhetorical artistry or historical significance (Wills, 1992; White, 2009), relatively few have analyzed it through the combined lens of sociolinguistics, specifically euphemism and face-work. Drawing on Allan and Burridge’s (2006) framework of euphemism and Goffman’s (1955) theory of face, this paper situates Lincoln’s speech within the broader sociolinguistic processes of healing, unity, and image restoration. Through a qualitative textual analysis, the study identifies three dominant euphemistic strategies: sanctification of sacrifice through sacred language, collectivization through inclusive pronouns, and redefinition of crisis as a “new birth of freedom.” These strategies operated at semantic, pragmatic, and sociopolitical levels to protect national face, transform perceptions of the Civil War, and realign public consciousness toward unity and resilience. Beyond historical interpretation, this research highlights the relevance of euphemism and face-work in contemporary political communication. Leaders in modern contextsfrom economic crises to global pandemics continue to rely on euphemistic  framing to manage uncertainty and inspire solidarity. By revisiting Lincoln’s address through this sociolinguistic perspective, the study demonstrates how language can simultaneously mitigate trauma, construct identity, and articulate a hopeful collective future.