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Kegiatan pertambangan memiliki resiko merubah fungsi lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan perbandingan terhadap penggunaan citra Google Satellite Imagery dan ESRI World Imagery dalam interpretasi sebaran lahan tambang. Interpretasi menggunakan pendekatan spasial yang diolah menggunakan ArcGIS 10.8. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan luasan tambang yang teridentifikasi berdasarkan sumber citra satelit yang digunakan. Google Satellite Imagery mampu mendeteksi luasan pertambangan yang lebih besar, yaitu 12.022,02 Ha, dibandingkan ESRI World Imagery yang menghasilkan 11.485,41 Ha, sedangkan data acuan dari KLHK tahun 2023 mencatat luas tambang sebesar 10.798,46 Ha. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh resolusi spasial, kejelasan tekstur permukaan, serta pembaruan data pada masing-masing citra. Persentase perubahan luas lahan pertambangan yang dihitung dari perbandingan Google Satellite Imagery dengan data KLHK mencapai 11,33%, sementara perbandingan dengan ESRI World Imagery hanya sebesar 6,37%. Hasil ini menunjukan Google Satellite Imagery lebih sensitif dalam mengidentifikasi ekspansi tambang, meskipun berpotensi menghasilkan overestimation, sedangkan ESRI World Imagery cenderung lebih konservatif dalam estimasi luas. Untuk memastikan konsistensi dan akurasi pemantauan perubahan lahan tambang, diperlukan pemilihan sumber citra yang tepat, penggunaan metode interpretasi yang konsisten, serta validasi silang dengan data resmi maupun observasi lapangan.

Nutritional problems among adolescents are increasingly associated with unhealthy dietary habits and low physical activity, contributing to the rising prevalence of overweight. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, overweight prevalence among adolescents ranges from 12% to 16.2%. This study aimed to develop Zea Coffee Tab, a functional beverage made from Robusta coffee and corn silk containing bioactive compounds, including caffeine and flavonoids, which may support metabolism and body fat oxidation. An experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed. The evaluated parameters included organoleptic tests (hedonic and hedonic quality) involving 30 semi-trained panelists, proximate analysis, and identification of bioactive compounds. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, One-Way ANOVA, and Duncan’s multiple range tests. Three formulations were tested: F1 (30% Robusta coffee:70% corn silk), F2 (50%:50%), and F3 (70%:30%). The findings showed that F3 was the most preferred formulation, with an acceptance score categorized as “very much liked.” The product contained energy ranging from 319.20–324.26 kcal/100 g, protein 5.12–5.34%, fat 0.48–0.58%, carbohydrates 73.85–74.51%, moisture 9.12–9.66%, ash 2.10–2.32%, caffeine 182.45–205.86 mg/100 g, and flavonoids 4.28–6.03 mg/100 g. Zea Coffee Tab has the potential to serve as a healthy functional beverage for overweight adolescents. Further studies on shelf life and clinical effectiveness are recommended to support product commercialization.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may persist into adulthood and affect academic, social, and occupational functioning. In adult patients, ADHD is frequently associated with an increased risk of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), raising concerns regarding the potential for misuse and dependence related to stimulant medications used in ADHD therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for adult ADHD and to review the risk of stimulant misuse and dependence based on current scientific evidence. The method employed in this study was a literature review using data obtained from national and international journals indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar published between 2017 and 2026. The findings indicated that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, were effective in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the central nervous system. Most studies reported that the use of stimulant medications at therapeutic doses and under medical supervision was not significantly associated with an increased risk of substance misuse or dependence. The risk of misuse was more commonly observed in cases involving non-medical use and inadequate clinical monitoring. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) also contributed to improving treatment outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the use of stimulant medications in adult ADHD patients may be considered relatively safe and effective when administered rationally, individually, and under appropriate medical supervision.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. HbA1c levels are used as an indicator of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy is one of the treatment options given to help achieve glycemic control targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research method used a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were 80 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had used insulin and non-insulin therapy for less than 1 year, using Purposive Sampling techniques and data analysis using SPSS with Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. This study has obtained ethical approval from PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study shows that the characteristics of gender and age of type 2 DM patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy are dominated by women at 60.0% and 43.3%, while elderly patients at 60.0% and 53.3%. Of the 50 patients using insulin, 45 patients (90.0%) had controlled HbA1c and 5 patients (10.0%) were uncontrolled. Meanwhile, all non-insulin patients, 30 patients (100%), had uncontrolled HbA1c. Based on this study, there is a significant difference in HbA1c levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy with a p-value <0.001. Patients using insulin therapy tend to have better glycemic control than patients not using insulin therapy.

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini mendorong organisasi, termasuk Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional melalui penerapan sistem yang terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Enterprise Architecture (EA) pada UMKM Golden Spice menggunakan pendekatan The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) melalui metode Architecture Development Method (ADM). Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah sistem penjualan dan manajemen stok yang masih dilakukan secara manual dan tidak terintegrasi, sehingga menyebabkan inefisiensi operasional, ketidaksesuaian data, serta keterbatasan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur dengan referensi terbaru pada rentang tahun 2021-2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perancangan Arsitektur Perusahaan yang diusulkan mampu mengintegrasikan sistem penjualan dan manajemen stok secara terstruktur, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan akurasi data. Selain itu, sistem yang diusulkan juga mampu menyediakan informasi secara real-time untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi praktis bagi UMKM dalam mendukung transformasi digital serta menjadi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan, menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan, serta menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2022–2024. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh iverusahaan manufaktur sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2022–2024 yang berjumlah 83 perusahaan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 48 perusahaan yang dipilih melalui iverusa purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria iv erusahaan yang terdaftar secara berturut-turut selama periode penelitian, mempublikasikan laporan keuangan secara lengkap, tidak mengalami kerugian selama periode penelitian, serta memiliki data yang sesuai dengan variabel penelitian. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan yang dipublikasikan melalui situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode dokumentasi dengan mengakses dan mencatat data keuangan yang relevan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan bantuan aplikasi Eviews melalui uji pemilihan model yang meliputi uji Chow, uji Hausman, dan uji Lagrange Multiplier untuk menentukan model yang paling sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal yang diproksikan dengan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, yang menunjukkan bahwa komposisi penggunaan utang dan ekuitas dalam pendanaan perusahaan dapat memengaruhi persepsi investor terhadap kinerja dan prospek perusahaan. Profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Net Profit Margin (NPM) juga berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, yang mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi kemampuan iverusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba maka semakin tinggi pula nilai perusahaan karena meningkatnya kepercayaan investor terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Sementara itu, likuiditas yang diproksikan dengan Current Ratio (CR) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, yang menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendek belum tentu menjadi pertimbangan utama bagi investor dalam menilai perusahaan pada sektor makanan dan minuman.

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh beban kerja dan kompensasi terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai, baik secara parsial maupun simultan pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran dan Penyelamatan Kota Makassar. Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif kausal. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 198 pegawai, dengan sampel sebanyak 70 responden yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS dengan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda, serta melalui uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil/Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai, demikian pula kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja. Secara simultan, beban kerja dan kompensasi terbukti memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengelolaan beban kerja yang seimbang serta pemberian kompensasi yang adil dan layak menjadi faktor penting dalam meningkatkan motivasi kerja pegawai.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai pada Kantor Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Enrekang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai Kantor Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Enrekang yang berjumlah 68 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh, sehingga seluruh populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji t, uji F, serta koefisien determinasi dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai. Lingkungan kerja juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai. Selain itu, disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai pada Kantor Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Enrekang. Kondisi kerja yang tertib, nyaman, aman, serta didukung hubungan kerja yang harmonis mampu meningkatkan motivasi, loyalitas, dan rasa puas pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugas pelayanan publik.

One key measure of a region's economic growth is the employment rate, as it reflects the ability of the economy to absorb labor and improve community welfare. In Jambi Province, employment opportunities are influenced by several factors, including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to analyze the effects of GRDP, population growth, and HDI on employment growth rates across regencies and cities in Jambi Province. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis covering 11 regencies and cities during the period 2017–2023. The findings indicate that GRDP growth, population growth, and HDI simultaneously influence employment levels. Partially, population growth and HDI have significant effects on employment, indicating that improvements in human development and demographic dynamics contribute to labor absorption. Meanwhile, economic growth, as measured by GRDP, has a relatively small negative effect on employment. This suggests that economic expansion does not always generate proportional employment opportunities, possibly due to structural changes and technological developments. Therefore, policies aimed at improving human capital and labor market conditions are essential to support sustainable employment growth in Jambi Province.

Aerobic capacity, commonly measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), is a key indicator of physical fitness and athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports. Recent attention has focused on the role of respiratory muscle function in supporting exercise performance, as respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity or prolonged activity may reduce ventilatory efficiency and exercise tolerance. This literature review aims to examine current evidence regarding the effects of Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT), including Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), on aerobic capacity in athletes. Relevant studies were identified through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords related to respiratory muscle training, VO₂max, and athletes. The reviewed studies generally reported improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, reduced respiratory muscle fatigue, and enhanced ventilatory efficiency following RMT interventions. These physiological adaptations may contribute to better exercise tolerance and overall athletic performance. However, evidence regarding direct improvements in VO₂max remains inconsistent across studies. The findings suggest that RMT can be used as a complementary strategy alongside conventional training programs to support aerobic performance. In addition, improved respiratory muscle function may provide benefits in health promotion and rehabilitation by reducing dyspnea and increasing exercise tolerance. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the extent of RMT’s contribution to improving VO₂max in athletic populations.

Stunting is a multifactorial public health problem influenced by various risk factors that may emerge during the prenatal period. Early identification of stunting risk during pregnancy is important to support preventive interventions. This study aimed to develop a stunting risk prediction model based on maternal prenatal factors using the Random Forest algorithm. Secondary data from 172 pregnant women, consisting of 83 stunting cases and 89 non-stunting cases, were analyzed. The predictor variables included maternal age during pregnancy, height, hemoglobin level, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), smoking history, hypertension, asthma, and diabetes mellitus. The research stages consisted of data preprocessing, model training using Stratified 5-Fold Cross Validation, performance evaluation, external testing, and feature importance analysis. Internal evaluation results showed an accuracy of 60%, precision of 60.6%, recall of 57.3%, F1-score of 58.9%, and AUC of 0.6688. External testing yielded an accuracy of 70% and an AUC of 0.6167. Feature importance analysis identified maternal age during pregnancy as the most influential variable in the prediction process. The findings indicate that maternal prenatal factors have potential for early stunting risk identification, although the predictive performance remains moderate. This approach may serve as a foundation for developing early screening tools to support targeted interventions among high-risk pregnancies.

Background: Lymphadenopathy is an enlargement of the lymph nodes commonly caused by infection or inflammatory processes, which may lead to pain and risk of postoperative complications. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of nursing care for a patient following left-sided lymphadenopathy surgery. Method: This case study used a nursing process approach, encompassing data collection through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation review of medical records conducted in Mawar 2 Ward at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. Results: Based on assessment, three primary nursing diagnoses were identified: acute pain, knowledge deficit, and risk of infection. Following standard nursing interventions, pain was reduced, patient knowledge improved, and the wound was maintained without signs of infection. Conclusion: The systematic application of nursing care can help reduce patient complaints and prevent postoperative complications of lymphadenopathy.

Introduction: Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg that has the potential to cause serious complications. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11% (Riskesdas, 2018), in Central Java 37.57%, and in Tonjong Village 15,951 patients aged ≥15 years were recorded (Tonjong Health Center, 2025). Purpose: To provide direct and comprehensive family nursing care to Ny. T, the family of Tn. D, with hypertension in Tonjong Village, Dukuh Kauman RT 03 RW 04, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Method: Case study with a nursing process approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation, conducted on December 26–29, 2025. Results: Assessment revealed that Ny. T complained of dizziness, neck pain, difficulty sleeping, and soreness in both legs with blood pressure of 167/100 mmHg. The family had no knowledge about hypertension. Two diagnoses were established: Acute Pain (D.0077) and Knowledge Deficit (D.0111). Interventions included complementary foot massage therapy to address acute pain and health education on hypertension. After three visits, the Acute Pain diagnosis was partially resolved with a decrease in pain scale from 3 to 2 and blood pressure from 167/100 mmHg to 150/95 mmHg, while the Knowledge Deficit diagnosis was fully resolved. Conclusion: Family Nursing Care with the SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI approach had a positive impact on improving the condition of Ny. T. It is recommended that the client continue foot massage independently, implement the five family health tasks, and routinely utilize health facilities.

This study aims to examine the role of teachers in developing emotional intelligence among adolescent students at SMP Kesatrian Surakarta. Emotional intelligence is an essential aspect that supports academic achievement, social relationships, and character development. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 teachers teaching grades VII to IX, participant observations in classroom settings, and analysis of relevant school documents. The findings reveal that teachers play a strategic role in fostering students’ emotional intelligence through three primary approaches: emotional modeling by demonstrating appropriate emotional management (45%), facilitating emotion-based learning activities (30%), and evaluating students’ emotional intelligence development (25%). These roles significantly contribute to improving students’ self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, and social skills. Supporting factors include emotional intelligence training programs provided by the local education authority and the school’s commitment to creating a supportive learning environment. However, major challenges consist of high administrative workloads among teachers (70%) and limited counseling facilities (50%). This study recommends continuous teacher training, the integration of emotional intelligence modules into lesson plans, and collaboration with school psychologists to ensure long-term monitoring and development of students’ emotional competencies. The findings contribute to the enrichment of emotional intelligence literature within the context of Indonesian secondary education.

Aerobic capacity, commonly measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), is a key indicator of physical fitness and athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports. Recent attention has focused on the role of respiratory muscle function in supporting exercise performance, as respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity or prolonged activity may reduce ventilatory efficiency and exercise tolerance. This literature review aims to examine current evidence regarding the effects of Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT), including Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), on aerobic capacity in athletes. Relevant studies were identified through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords related to respiratory muscle training, VO₂max, and athletes. The reviewed studies generally reported improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, reduced respiratory muscle fatigue, and enhanced ventilatory efficiency following RMT interventions. These physiological adaptations may contribute to better exercise tolerance and overall athletic performance. However, evidence regarding direct improvements in VO₂max remains inconsistent across studies. The findings suggest that RMT can be used as a complementary strategy alongside conventional training programs to support aerobic performance. In addition, improved respiratory muscle function may provide benefits in health promotion and rehabilitation by reducing dyspnea and increasing exercise tolerance. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the extent of RMT’s contribution to improving VO₂max in athletic populations.

Collaboration between classroom teachers and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers constitutes an essential strategy for instilling religious moderation values in elementary schools. This study aims to: (1) describe the forms of collaboration developed between classroom teachers and PAI teachers; (2) assess the effectiveness of such collaboration in inculcating religious moderation values; (3) identify changes in students' attitudes as tangible outcomes of collaboration; and (4) analyze supporting and inhibiting factors of collaboration at SDN 3 Wanamekar. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using field study methods. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document review. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, encompassing data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data credibility was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. Findings indicate that collaboration occurs in two primary forms: reactive collaboration as a spontaneous response to students' intolerant behavior, and planned collaboration involving curriculum coordination, partial co-teaching, and joint evaluation. Collaboration was assessed as sufficiently effective yet suboptimal due to time constraints and excessive administrative burdens. Positive changes in students' tolerance and inclusive attitudes were identified as concrete outcomes. Supporting factors include favorable interpersonal communication, principal support, and moderation value integration in the Merdeka Curriculum. Main inhibiting factors are time limitations, administrative burdens, shallow conceptual understanding of religious moderation, and the absence of a standardized collaboration model. The study recommends establishing structured collaboration schedules and religious moderation training programs for all teachers.

Kampung Batik Okra, located in Kranggan Urban Village, Bubutan District, Surabaya City, represents a community-based creative economy initiative officially inaugurated on 28 December 2022 by the Surabaya City Government. This study aims to analyze the facilitating role of the urban village administration in strengthening the creative economic capacity of residents through the batik industry, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors for community empowerment in Kampung Batik Okra. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Informants were purposively selected, encompassing village government officials, batik group administrators, artisans, and academic facilitators. The findings reveal that the urban village administration performs three principal facilitative roles: (1) facilitation of training and skill enhancement; (2) facilitation of market access and promotion; and (3) facilitation of multi-stakeholder partnerships. These roles contribute significantly to the strengthening of residents’ creative economic capacity, as evidenced by an increase in active artisans, product diversification, and expanded marketing networks. Nevertheless, limited human resource capacity within the village administration, inconsistent community participation, and restricted access to capital remain structural barriers requiring more systemic policy interventions. This research offers a conceptual framework of empowerment-based facilitating roles for urban villages, which may serve as a reference for developing creative economy villages in Indonesian urban areas.

The following study aims to analyze the influence of buzzer marketing, influencer marketing, and brand trust on purchase intention of Wardah products on TikTok Shop. The background of the study is based on the increasing use of TikTok Shop as a social commerce platform and the importance of digital marketing strategies in influencing consumer purchasing intention, especially in the cosmetics industry that demands brand trust. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents. Data were analyzed through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that all instruments are valid and reliable and the model meets classical assumptions. Partially, buzzer marketing, influencer marketing, and brand trust have a significant effect on purchase intention, with coefficients of 0.494, 0.362, and 0.264, respectively. Simultaneously, all three variables also have a significant effect. The coefficient of determination value of 0.535 indicates that the variation in purchase intention is explained by these three variables.

This study aims to examine the implementation of policies regarding the use of the e-Kelurahan feature in the Sangu Palu application in Taipa Village. The study employs George C. Edward III’s policy implementation theory, which consists of four dimensions: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature review involving nine informants. The findings indicate that the implementation of the e-Kelurahan policy has not yet run optimally. The main obstacle lies in the communication aspect, particularly the lack of direct public socialization regarding the use of the application, resulting in low public understanding and limited utilization of digital services. In addition, training for village officials has not been conducted continuously, as it was only provided during the initial implementation stage. Therefore, periodic retraining is needed to improve technical competence and evaluate service performance. Although the aspects of disposition and bureaucratic structure have generally functioned well, they have not been sufficient to optimize digital service utilization. These findings are consistent with the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) evaluation results, which place Palu City in the “sufficient” category, indicating the need for further improvement in digital service implementation.

Patient satisfaction with healthcare services remains a major concern in the delivery of healthcare. The behavior of healthcare workers, including friendliness, politeness, and communication skills, plays an important role in improving patient satisfaction. Preliminary data indicated that the number of BPJS patient visits at BLUD UPTD Puskesmas Mokoau had decreased annually, while the results of the patient satisfaction survey were still not optimal because several health programs had not achieved the targeted service standards. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the quality of healthcare services and BPJS patient satisfaction in the working area of Puskesmas Mokoau in 2025. This research applied a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytic approach using a cross-sectional study design. The study involved 306 respondents selected through a random sampling technique, ensuring that each member of the population had an equal opportunity to be chosen as a research sample. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through the Chi-Square test. The findings revealed significant relationships between facilities, procedures, interaction, and communication with BPJS patient satisfaction, with each variable obtaining a P-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Therefore, the quality of healthcare services is closely associated with the level of patient satisfaction, indicating that healthcare workers need to improve service quality effectively and professionally.