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This research aims to analyze the relationships among total risk, capital structure, and profitability, and their impact on corporate sustainability, with firm performance acting as a mediator. Corporate sustainability has become increasingly important in today’s competitive and dynamic business environment. A literature review indicates that well-managed total risk can enhance firm performance, while an optimal capital structure contributes to higher profitability. In turn, profitability enables companies to invest in innovation and sustainable development. This study identifies a gap in the existing literature, as few studies integrate these three factors within the context of sustainability. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to provide deeper insights into how total risk, capital structure, and profitability interact to support corporate sustainability. The findings are expected to significantly contribute to financial management practices and sustainable corporate policies.

After the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, there are several important clusters that need to be considered, one of which is the ease of doing business which is closely related to government administration. Therefore, a system was created by the government to facilitate and legalize business actors in running their businesses in the form of a Business Identification Number (NIB). Because this NIB is a new system and is likely not widely understood by business actors, including MSMEs, it is necessary to socialize it and then provide assistance. Assistance in applying for NIB through the Online Single Submission-Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) System by MSMEs is an important step in managing the legality of their businesses. NIB is an identity for business actors that provides access to various facilities and legal protection. The OSS-RBA system is designed to facilitate the licensing process with a risk-based approach, where types of businesses are classified based on their risk levels. The method used in community service under this title is in the form of Socialization/Counseling and Assistance for MSMEs in submitting NIB to the OSS-RBA system. Socialization or counseling is carried out in the form of lectures and Q&A discussions so as to provide a comprehensive understanding. This assistance is carried out by academics/lecturers of the Law Study Program, Veteran Bangun Nusantara University, Sukoharjo Together with the Sukoharjo regional government, in this case represented by the Sukoharjo PMD Chamber of Commerce to ensure that MSME actors understand the procedures that must be followed and can submit NIB correctly. The assistance process includes socialization, consultation and assistance in filling in data in the OSS-RBA system. The goal is to increase the number of registered and legal MSMEs in Indonesia, so that they can access various government programs and get better legal protection.

This study aims to analyze the tofu production process in the household industry in Jambu Lor Hamlet. This research was conducted using observation methods and in-depth interviews with household tofu entrepreneurs in the area. The main focus of this study is to describe the stages of tofu production, starting from the selection of raw materials, the manufacturing process, to the distribution stage of the finished product. In addition, this study also evaluated factors that affect the quality of tofu products, such as soybean selection, processing techniques, and the influence of the surrounding environment. The results showed that despite using simple equipment, the household industry in Jambu Lor Hamlet was able to produce tofu with good quality, with some innovations in the production process tailored to the needs of the local market. This study is expected to provide useful insights for the development of the household tofu industry in the region and strengthen the local economic sector.

The circulation of alcoholic beverages is often unlicensed, particularly traditional alcoholic beverages, which are frequently distributed without a license due to being considered cultural heritage or customs specific to certain regions in Indonesia. This situation raises concerns regarding both legal compliance and public health. This research examines the licensing process for the sale and purchase of traditional alcoholic beverages in Indonesia, focusing on the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 of 2013 concerning the Control and Supervision of Alcoholic Beverages as an analytical framework. The study aims to explore the regulatory environment surrounding the distribution of these beverages and evaluate the challenges and opportunities for obtaining proper licenses. The research further discusses the role of the Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system, a digital platform designed to simplify the licensing process for businesses. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference and knowledge resource for the public, providing clarity on the licensing process for alcoholic beverages. It also aims to raise awareness of the legal framework and facilitate smoother and more transparent processes for distributing alcoholic beverages in Indonesia.

This study aims to explore the practice of over-claiming in the skincare sector in Indonesia and its impact on consumers. With more and more products offering instant results in the absence of strong scientific evidence, consumers are often trapped in unrealistic expectations, which can jeopardise their health. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach to analyse exaggerated claims as well as consumer reactions to certain skincare products. The findings of this study show that this practice harms consumers both materially and in terms of trust in the beauty industry as a whole. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of stricter law enforcement against offending businesses, including influencers who promote products with misleading information. In accordance with the Consumer Protection Law, consumers are entitled to clear and precise information, which is even more important in an era of aggressive marketing. Therefore, existing regulations, such as those issued by BPOM, need to be more strictly enforced to maintain the safety and effectiveness of the products being sold. The study also recommends raising awareness and educating consumers about the risks that may arise from overuse of skincare products. With these measures, it is hoped that the skincare industry can establish a more transparent and fair market, as well as improve product quality and protection for consumers. This research also contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the skincare market and the importance of consumer protection in legal and health aspects.

The Community Service Program (KKN) in Sukosari Village, Jumantono District, Karanganyar Regency, which will be implemented in August 2024, aims to overcome the problem of community service by focusing on preventing stunting and empowering MSMEs. The main problems identified include the high rate of stunting among children and limited knowledge and support for local MSME actors. The main aim of this activity is to increase public awareness regarding the importance of nutritious nutritional intake to prevent stunting, strengthen the branding of MSME products, and ensure that these products meet legality standards through the creation of a Business Identification Number (NIB) and halal certification. The method applied includes several strategic steps, namely making complementary food products in the form of spinach nuggets and fruit salad which are aimed at meeting children's nutritional needs and reducing the risk of stunting. In addition, information signs on stunting prevention were installed in strategic locations such as posyandu and village halls to increase public awareness. To support MSMEs, the KKN team also designs label and banner designs aimed at increasing the attractiveness and professionalism of products, as well as providing assistance in creating NIBs and halal certification so that MSME products can meet regulatory standards. The results of this activity show an increase in public knowledge regarding the importance of nutritious food and preventing stunting, as well as an increase in the ability of MSMEs to manage and market their products. MSME players benefit from new designs that increase the attractiveness of their products, as well as legality that expands market access. Qualitatively, this activity involved the active participation of 40 women in socialization and 15 MSME actors in the design and certification process, with full support from village officials and related agencies, which ensured the success and sustainability of the program.

The identification of academic flagship areas is crucial for higher education institutions as it helps enhance academic reputation and produce graduates who are competent in the workforce. However, the determination of these flagship areas is often subjective. Therefore, this study aims to identify the academic flagship areas at XYZ University using the Topic Modeling Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method. In this study, the LDA method is specifically used in the research field to analyze research journals at XYZ University from 2017 to 2021. The research results reveal three main topics that dominate the academic publications at XYZ University: business risk analysis, application system implementation particularly related to the pandemic, and information management with a framework in information technology. Based on this analysis, the flagship areas of XYZ University can be concluded to be in the fields of Information Technology and Business. Consequently, the University can more efficiently direct research resources and academic programs, as well as strengthen collaborations and its reputation as a center of excellence in these fields.

Technological developments in the Digital Era 5.0 have significantly changed the landscape of the accounting profession. Artificial intelligence (AI), big data, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the main factors influencing the transformation in the world of accounting. Accountants are no longer just playing the role of recorders of financial transactions, but are also required to have in-depth data analysis skills and an understanding of new technologies that support efficiency and accuracy in financial management. The biggest challenge faced is the automation of various tasks that were previously done manually, which can reduce the need for conventional accountants. However, on the other hand, this development also opens up opportunities for accountants to increase their role in financial analysis, business planning, and technology-based risk management. This socialization activity aims to provide an understanding to accounting students and high school students regarding the role and challenges of the accounting profession in the digital era. Through a community service program in the form of a Focus Group Discussion (FGD), participants were given insight into the importance of adapting to technological developments and strategies that can be applied to stay relevant in the world of work. The results of this activity showed that the students involved gained a better understanding of the digital transformation in the accounting profession and the importance of developing technology-based skills. Thus, it is expected that future accountants can improve their competitiveness and be ready to face changes in the increasingly digital and complex business world.

The online buying and selling system makes it easier for people to make transactions and creates business opportunities for business people to develop business transactions in collaboration with resellers without having to meet face to face, such as online buying and selling transactions for Namastudios bags. Online buying and selling transactions between suppliers and resellers are carried out by mutual agreement where the rights and obligations of the parties are regulated to avoid risks. However, there was a default in 2018 by the supplier that the goods sent did not match what was agreed. So resellers suffer quite a lot of losses. For these losses, the reseller filed a lawsuit at the South Jakarta District Court. The aim of the research is to provide legal protection and to find out the application of judges in court decision no. 629/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel. The research method uses normative juridical research with a case approach which uses data collection methods through secondary data which is analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research are legal protection for resellers for default, based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code, where the agreement made is not in accordance with the agreement, it is null and void, where the supplier is obliged to compensate the reseller for losses. The application of the judge's law in the decision is that the judge granted part of the decision and stated that the Defendant had committed an act of breach of contract based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code which did not fulfill one of the conditions for the validity of the agreement, namely the agreement contained in the notarial deed.

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have the potential to generate new jobs, offer diverse economic services to society, and contribute to accelerating national growth and stability. Of course, MSMEs are a very important sector of the national economy that can affect the lives of people in general.One of the objectives of this research is to find solutions to the problems found in the business information system of Dim Sumeya MSMEs in Pangandaran. Furthermore, data collection techniques are applied through observation and interview stages. This study was carried out by applying descriptive qualitative techniques which include analysis, summary of phenomena, as well as direct depiction of phenomena from data obtained through observations and interviews. The study collected information through interviews with the owner of Dim Sumeya. The results indicated that Dim Sumeya has not maximised its digital financial transaction recording and still does it manually. As a result, the author recommends the use of the BukuWarung application. Through this application, Dim Sumeya can support their micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the management of the financial system, thus minimising the risks associated with using the application.

The maritime industry is undergoing rapid transformation, requiring systematic, evidence-based methodologies to improve product and service innovation success rates. Traditionally, maritime businesses have relied on intuition-based decision-making, leading to inefficiencies, increased risks, and inconsistent innovation outcomes. This study investigates the role of structured scientific methodologies in maritime innovation management, emphasizing how systematic approaches enhance decision accuracy, minimize risk, and improve long-term sustainability. This research provides original value by evaluating the effectiveness of structured scientific approaches in maritime innovation, an area where limited studies have explored the intersection of philosophy, leadership, and evidence-based decision-making. The study addresses the following research questions: To what extent do structure scientific methodologies improve product and service innovation success? How do industry leaders, lecturers, and students perceive the role of evidence-based decision-making in innovation? Using qualitative research methods, the study collected data from maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, followed by thematic and comparative analysis. Results indicate that structured methodologies significantly improve innovation outcomes, but barriers such as industry reluctance and lack of competency development hinder adoption. The study concludes that integrating scientific reasoning into maritime leadership training can enhance innovation success, mitigate risk, and foster a culture of evidence-based strategic management.

The maritime industry requires financially literate and strategically competent professionals to navigate challenges in shipping management, business sustainability, and economic resilience. However, vocational maritime education often lacks practical financial training and sustainability-driven business strategies, creating gaps between academic learning and industry needs. This research addresses these gaps by analyzing how maritime education aligns with financial sustainability and business competency development. Unlike previous studies that separately examine maritime education or financial sustainability, this research integrates expert insights, graduate experiences, and educator perspectives to develop a holistic framework for maritime business and financial training. The findings contribute to policy discussions on improving vocational curricula and bridging industry-academia gaps. This study investigates the effectiveness of maritime vocational education in developing competencies in financial decision-making, economic resilience, and business sustainability. It evaluates curriculum alignment with industry demands and identifies key areas for enhancement. A qualitative research design was used, incorporating semi-structured interviews with 13 maritime professionals, 4 educators, and 33 graduates. Thematic analysis was applied to assess vocational training effectiveness in financial sustainability and business resilience. Findings reveal strong technical competency but gaps in financial literacy and sustainability-driven business strategies. Maritime education programs scored 9/10 in effectiveness, but practical applications of financial decision-making and risk management need reinforcement. This study provides actionable insights for vocational training reforms, emphasizing applied financial education, industry collaboration, and sustainability-driven business strategies. The findings support future curriculum development to equip maritime professionals with enhanced financial and managerial competencies for industry leadership.

Default, or breach of contract, is a common problem in business transactions and can have significant impacts, both financially and non-financially. This article analyzes the various forms of default, such as failure to fulfill obligations, delays, or non-performance in accordance with the agreement. The impact of default is not only directly related to financial losses—for example through fines or damages—but can also damage business relationships and the company's reputation. Therefore, good contract design is very important in reducing this risk. Effective contract design should include clear clauses regarding obligations, deadlines, and sanctions that apply in the event of a breach. Penalty clauses are often used to provide incentives for the parties involved to fulfill their obligations. Furthermore, in the context of globalization and international transactions, it is important for contracts to include clear dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation or arbitration, to avoid escalation of problems. This article aims to provide practical guidance for companies in designing contracts that not only reduce the risk of default, but also ensure the sustainability of mutually beneficial business relationships. With a thorough understanding of legal risks and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, companies can maintain smooth operations and prevent major losses due to default.   Keywords : Default, Breach Of Contract, Contract Drafting, ,, , Mediation, Arbitration, Corporate Reputation, Risk Management.

This study aims to analyze legal certainty in the post-acquisition integration process and its impact on the protection of shareholders' rights based on the Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT) and the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK). Using a normative legal approach and case studies, this study finds that the absence of specific regulations, weak supervisory mechanisms, and the lack of synchronization of corporate culture are the main factors causing integration failure and potential losses for shareholders, especially minority shareholders. To realize a fair and sustainable integration process, it is necessary to strengthen internal governance based on the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), risk-based supervision, and external regulatory reforms that are more responsive to business dynamics. This study recommends the active involvement of authorities in regulating post-acquisition integration and the implementation of transparent and accountable evaluation mechanisms to protect the interests of all stakeholders. These findings contribute to the formulation of a fair and adaptive integration model in the Indonesian legal and economic environment.  

Bankruptcy is one of the main threats to business sustainability, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This article explores the importance of financial planning, accurate record-keeping, and cash flow management strategies to mitigate bankruptcy risks, focusing on a case study of Rumah Makan Fajar Jeumpa. The findings reveal that irregular transaction recording, ineffective cash flow management, and the absence of structured financial strategies are key factors contributing to financial vulnerability. By implementing simple financial record-keeping systems, creating budget projections, and diversifying income sources, MSMEs can enhance operational stability and reduce financial risks. These findings emphasize that comprehensive financial planning, supported by adequate financial literacy, is crucial in ensuring business sustainability and fostering MSME growth.

The development of the Indonesian nation at this time is development in the economic field to improve the standard of living and welfare of the entire nation. So how can we direct students toward an active financial life? This can be achieved by teaching entrepreneurial activities to students, so that students develop entrepreneurship, for example through school cooperatives. Business values ​​(characteristics) are conveyed through actual sales activities in school cooperatives. Where some students are directly involved in the management of the student's school cooperative itself. Based on this background, the objectives of this research are: (1) Describe student cooperative activities at SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo to form student entrepreneurship participants. (2) description of student entrepreneurship through student cooperatives at SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo. (3) Describe the factors that support and hinder the growth of entrepreneurial creativity in students of SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo through student cooperatives. The research method used to write this research is descriptive qualitative research taken from various journal articles and the author collects and analyzes various references to these articles. All data that is summarized in scientific articles on qualitative data does not use numbers, tables, g-tables or graphs, but rather in the form of descriptions from various sources or scientific journal references. Research using descriptive techniques is data analysis by describing or illustrating the collected data just like that, without drawing conclusions. The following can be interpreted from data analysis: 1) Activities that aim to form the entrepreneurial spirit of students are as direct learning and student participation in various activities in cooperatives, and entrepreneurial activities of students are formed following the activities of various cooperatives. Entrepreneurial values ​​among students are leadership, confident, communicative, responsible, honest handling, diligent, cooperative and willing to take risks. (2) Entrepreneurial skills developed by students, for example the ability to provide good service and communication, manage and make good use of time, lead cooperatives well and think smartly to seize opportunities. (3) The enabling aspect is encouragement or motivation from parents of students and students who have the desire to become entrepreneurs, while two things that become inhibiting factors are: Lack of funds and geographic location

This qualitative literature review explores the impact of stringent environmental policies on environmental risk management and audit costs. It investigates the evolving role of environmental regulations in shaping corporate risk management strategies, particularly focusing on how businesses address environmental risks and the associated costs of audits. The review synthesizes findings from various studies, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental risk management into corporate governance structures to mitigate financial and legal risks. It also emphasizes the necessity of environmental audits in ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks, despite their associated costs. The review concludes that while the initial costs of environmental audits may be high, their long-term benefits, including regulatory compliance, risk reduction, and improved stakeholder relations, justify the investment. Future research should address the challenges faced by SMEs and explore the geographical and sector-specific differences in managing environmental risks.

This study aims to analyze the business operations of LDR Café by examining the production, sales, and financial aspects. Given the increasingly competitive culinary industry, this study uses a field research methodology that includes observation, questionnaires, and documentation to collect primary and secondary data. The findings of the analysis indicate that non-financial factors, location, building materials, technology, and production processes are important things to consider. The marketing aspect also shows good potential with a significant increase in sales. In terms of finance, this business has been running along with the age of the project for seven years. The suggestions given include the development of more modern production technology, expansion of marketing distribution, and preparation of more detailed financial reports to monitor business performance. This study is expected to provide insight for culinary entrepreneurs in optimizing their businesses amidst tight competition.

Bankruptcy is a state in which a company is unable to fulfil its financial obligations or a situation where the corporation initially functions but thereafter fails in business management. Bankruptcy is a state in which a firm lacks the money to operate its operation. The objective of the research is to identify the variables contributing to bankruptcy in PT. Garuda Indonesia. This research employs the Altman Z-score methodology using a bankruptcy calculation. This analysis indicates that the firm is at risk of bankruptcy, since its present assets from 2016 to 2019 are insufficient to meet its financial obligations. Companies must use deliberate, clear, and suitable measures to enhance operational cost efficiency. An inadequate business plan and human resources without a clear vision and goal for the organisation contribute to losses. This research seeks to evaluate the financial performance of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk from 2016 to 2019 using the Altman Z-Score model. The population and sample in this research consist of the complete financial statements of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the years 2016 to 2019. The findings of this research indicate that from 2016 to 2019, the bankruptcy rate at PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk was unfavourable, as shown by a Z-Score below 1.10, signifying a state of bankruptcy. The most pronounced decrease was seen in the Working Capital to Total Asset ratio, particularly in 2019. This results from the annual growth in current obligations.

The era of Industry 5.0 marks a paradigm shift in the global business landscape, integrating advanced technologies with human-centric values to create more agile and responsive organizations. This study explores the application of Management Control Systems (MCS) in the digital era, focusing on technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The research method involved conducting an interactive webinar via the Zoom platform, including material presentations, panel discussions, and Q&A sessions. Evaluation was carried out through participant feedback to improve the quality of future activities. The findings reveal that implementing digital technologies in MCS enhances operational efficiency, flexibility, and organizational competitiveness. However, challenges such as workplace culture resistance and cybersecurity risks remain significant obstacles. Proposed solutions include continuous training and interdisciplinary collaboration to support sustainable digital transformation. With the right strategic approach, organizations can leverage the opportunities of the Industry 5.0 era to achieve sustainability and innovation.