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Many studies have described meta-analysis on the overall effect of e-learning influence in learning. However, there has been no meta-analysis of the overall effect of STEM-based e-learning on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).  The purpose of this study investigates the effect of STEM-based e-learning on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review (SL) and meta-analysis. Data sources came from 10 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Eric, and Springer. Data analysis used the Hedge formula to calculate effect size with the help of the JSAP application. The findings show that the effect size value (ES = 0.793) is medium. This explains that STEM-based e-learning provides a very high positive impact and is effective in improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Furthermore, HOTS characteristics do not cause heterogeneity in the results of STEM-based e-learning research on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills. The findings suggest that educators should choose STEM-based e-learning as one of the learning models to improve students' Higher Order Thinking skills in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of parenting styles on the development of students' social concern character. The research was conducted in class VA with 21 student of SDN 1 Pengadangan as respondents in the academic year 2022/2023. The research method used is quantitative research with an ex-post facto research method. The results of the hypothesis test analysis conducted by the researcher indicate that there is an influence of parenting styles on the development of students' social concern character using the t-test formula, with the testing criteria being that if the tcount >  ttable value at a significance level of 0.05 (5%), then there is an influence between variables X and Y. Based on the results of the hypothesis test calculation of the influence of parenting styles on the development of students' social concern character, with a tcount 12.143 > ttable 2.080 at a significance level of 0.05. Meanwhile, the significance value of the influence of parenting styles on the development of students' social concern character is 0.00 < 0.05 (5%). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an influence of parenting styles on the development of fifth-grade students' social concern character.

This research is motivated by the rise of drug abuse in Indonesia, one of which is caused by a lack of understanding of adolescents about the dangers of drugs, therefore understanding the dangers of drugs should be done as early as possible starting from elementary school level and fostering elementary school students to become young people with character and towards the golden generation. Thus, the need for media that can help elementary school students in understanding the dangers of drugs and character generation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of e-book “The Dangers of Drugs” and to determine the difference in the ability to understand the dangers of drugs and character generation by using e-book “The Dangers of Drugs”. The research method used is pre-experimental design with research design using one group pre - test-post test design. The population in this study is all students of SDN Tebet Timur 15 morning and SDN Manggarai Selatan 01. The sample was 28 students of Grade 5 SDN Tebet Timur 15 am and 28 students of Grade 5 SDN Manggarai Selatan 01. The results showed 1) the influence of the use of e-book “The Dangers of Drugs” in fostering students to become a younger generation of character based on the results of posttest data analysis and questionnaires and 2) there are differences in the ability to understand the dangers of drugs and character generation by using e-book “The Dangers of Drugs” based on the results of pretest and posttest data analysis.

This study aims to determine the effect of extracurricular activities carried out in elementary schools on the formation of students' character. The type of research used in this research is library research from research that has been done before. The method used in this study is using qualitative methods. Data collection in this study was carried out by means of literature studies from journals, books, and other sources that have been recognized for their accuracy. The results of the analysis from this study indicate that there is a visible influence from extracurricular activities on the character of students in elementary schools. With the extracurricular activities carried out, students can develop their character and interests and talents.

This study aims to determine the effect of extracurricular activities carried out in elementary schools on the formation of students' character. The type of research used in this research is library research from research that has been done before. The method used in this study is using qualitative methods. Data collection in this study was carried out by means of literature studies from journals, books, and other sources that have been recognized for their accuracy. The results of the analysis from this study indicate that there is a visible influence from extracurricular activities on the character of students in elementary schools. With the extracurricular activities carried out, students can develop their character and interests and talents.

The study of the background with the student at clean-up elementary school has not yet formed his character, it can be seen from the student doing his duty to see his friend, cleaning the class being told by the teacher. The purpose of this study is to describe the independent character education through extracurricular scout activities at devotion nusshal elementary school, which is between 666 and its support factors and constraints. It is a qualitative descriptive study. Research subjects are principals and extracurricular scouts. Data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study explain that the implementation of extra-curricular scout activities can establish a student's independent character is seen in the self-reliance attitudes of each student based on the regular exercise and camp exercises. To the performance of independent character education in extracurricular activities the self-forming self-help group of self-supporting values includes confidence, responsibility, hard work, being able to make decisions, being able to work alone, and respecting time.

This study aims to find out how extracurricular activities carried out at SDN 244 Guruminda and SD Plus Al Ghifari can help develop students' character and skills. The research used a descriptive analysis method with the research subjects being the deputy head of the school in the field of curriculum and students. Data collection techniques by conducting interviews and observing extracurricular activities at school. As a result, extracurricular activities at school are able to have a good impact on students in the form of developing students' character and skills. Extracurricular activities carried out outside the classroom provide a variety of learning that is not only fixed in the classroom. Extracurricular activities provide learning experiences outside the classroom for students to become independent human beings, able to work together, able to solve problems, be creative, and always behave well. Therefore, schools as educational units should always carry out extracurricular development activities in order to create students who have good character as a provision to more easily survive life in the future.

The role of extracurricular activities in the guidance and development of students in elementary schools is very important in providing a holistic and in-depth learning experience outside the ordinary academic environment. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of extracurriculars in fostering and developing students at SD 186 Cipadung and SD Al-Ma'soem. This study uses a qualitative method that produces and processes descriptive data such as interview transcripts. The results of this study show that extracurricular roles instill character values ​​such as hard work, discipline, teamwork, leadership, and responsibility. In addition, extracurricular roles can develop students' potential interests and talents.

As an effort to contribute to development in order to support sustainable development, it is necessary to have a good understanding of human resources and natural resources. One of them is by studying the relationship between humans and the environment, namely through ecoliteracy activities (literacy that studies humans and the environment) in schools which aim to equip students, so that students can have a good understanding of the environment. This study aims to describe ecoliteracy skills through environmental care activities at Cipanagon Elementary School, find out the inhibiting factors in the process of implementing ecoliteracy in schools, find out alternative solutions that teachers can do in implementing ecoliteracy in schools. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. Data collection techniques used are through observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it was stated that the ecoliteracy skills of Cipanagon Elementary School students through environmental care activities, had a percentage of 65% included in the good category so that these ecoliteracy skills were well applied at school. This cannot be separated from the teachers' strategies in shaping student character, and supporting the implementation of these ecoliteracy skills.

The implementation of educational institutions between teachers and students has a very close relationship in improving student achievement. School as an educational institution that seeks to form a generation that is reliable, faithful and pious, has noble character and is skilled through general and religious education and the majority of its students receive religious education from their parents, so that their academic achievement is lacking, seen in the daily behavior of students who often take actions that are violates student rules and there are still those who are not orderly in participating in religious activities, so that teacher strategies in improving student learning achievement are needed to minimize bad acts or morals committed by students. The research approach is qualitative research, with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the research are 1) Reflective strategies applied by the teacher in learning to improve student achievement in PAI subjects at MA Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar which are carried out by: a) the teacher brings different experiences into learning, b) helps students understand the material based on their experience c) the quality of assignments given by the teacher, demands the involvement of thought processes, and requires evaluation, d) the teacher conditions students in a learning environment including facilitators of implementation agendas, space and time of implementation, with a supportive learning environment, achievement student learning will be able to improve properly. 2) the espositoric strategy applied by the teacher in learning to improve student achievement in PAI subjects at MA Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar, by: a) preparing all material readiness, b) Emphasizing material through lecture and question and answer methods. c) giving a good example or role model to students, 3) heuristic strategies used by teachers in learning to improve student achievement in PAI subjects at MA Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar by activating a) teaching materials. b) Its implementation is preceded by an appreciation in advance and giving direction on the intent of the material objectives.

An important component of high quality human resource development is education. According to Law no. 20 of 2003 Article 1 Paragraph 1, the Republic of Indonesia states that education is a serious and fundamental effort to advance learning objectives and the educational process so that students actively develop their potential to have a strong sense of identity. spirituality, self-identity control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed for oneself, society, government and country.

An important component of high quality human resource development is education. According to Law no. 20 of 2003 Article 1 Paragraph 1, the Republic of Indonesia states that education is a serious and fundamental effort to advance learning objectives and the educational process so that students actively develop their potential to have a strong sense of identity. spirituality, self-identity control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed for oneself, society, government and country.

Madrasas have a dual role, namely as a place to gain knowledge and form the character of akhlakul karimah. Madrasas also remain in the main challenge to always improve quality institutionally through developing madrasas into quality educational institutions. This study seeks to describe the implementation of quality development strategies at MAN 1 Ciamis and MAN 2 Ciamis. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with the research subjects being the Head of Madrasah, Deputy Head of Madrasah, Teachers, and Students. To obtain data used techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and triangulation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the development strategy carried out by MAN 1 Ciamis and MAN 2 Ciamis are: 1) development of superior programs according to the characteristics of madrasas; 2) student program by selecting the acceptance of new students and the development of talent interests; 3) human resource development program with attention to HR recruitment and competency development through training; 4) infrastructure development program to support learning activities.

Madrasas have a dual role, namely as a place to gain knowledge and form the character of akhlakul karimah. Madrasas also remain in the main challenge to always improve quality institutionally through developing madrasas into quality educational institutions. This study seeks to describe the implementation of quality development strategies at MAN 1 Ciamis and MAN 2 Ciamis. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with the research subjects being the Head of Madrasah, Deputy Head of Madrasah, Teachers, and Students. To obtain data used techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and triangulation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the development strategy carried out by MAN 1 Ciamis and MAN 2 Ciamis are: 1) development of superior programs according to the characteristics of madrasas; 2) student program by selecting the acceptance of new students and the development of talent interests; 3) human resource development program with attention to HR recruitment and competency development through training; 4) infrastructure development program to support learning activities.

This research is motivated by the existence of a new policy in the project program to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students in character education, in practice, namely to form Indonesian students who have basic competencies and behaviors that are in accordance with Pancasila values. In order for students to have national character in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the government issued a project program to strengthen Pancasila student profiles to support the implementation of character education for elementary school students. This study uses a qualitative approach and descriptive method. Data collection techniques by means of interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques by means of data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification, and conducting data validity. The results of this study are 1) school program policies to develop character education are the realization of the school's vision and mission as well as project programs to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students. 2) the process of implementing the project to strengthen the Pancasila student profile based on the Kepmendikbudristek guidelines No. 56 of 2022 Guidelines for Implementing the Curriculum. 3) the obstacles faced are in terms of the family economy and the lack of facilities from schools. 4) efforts made in dealing with obstacles, namely by evaluating consistently, making modules, annual programs, semester programs adapted to programs that will be implemented in schools.

This research is motivated by the existence of a new policy in the project program to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students in character education, in practice, namely to form Indonesian students who have basic competencies and behaviors that are in accordance with Pancasila values. In order for students to have national character in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the government issued a project program to strengthen Pancasila student profiles to support the implementation of character education for elementary school students. This study uses a qualitative approach and descriptive method. Data collection techniques by means of interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques by means of data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification, and conducting data validity. The results of this study are 1) school program policies to develop character education are the realization of the school's vision and mission as well as project programs to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students. 2) the process of implementing the project to strengthen the Pancasila student profile based on the Kepmendikbudristek guidelines No. 56 of 2022 Guidelines for Implementing the Curriculum. 3) the obstacles faced are in terms of the family economy and the lack of facilities from schools. 4) efforts made in dealing with obstacles, namely by evaluating consistently, making modules, annual programs, semester programs adapted to programs that will be implemented in schools.

Based on the problem background, the researcher conducted research on developing critical thinking in high school. Which is where this study aims to describe teacher strategies in developing critical thinking characters in high grades. This study uses a type of qualitative research. The research location was at SD Negeri Sawojajar 01. The implementation of this research was in June 2023. Respondents in this study were class IV teachers, class V teachers, class IV students and class V students. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data validity was carried out by source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The result of this research is to develop critical thinking in high grades, one of which is SD Negeri Sawojajar 01. The teacher's strategy in developing the critical thinking character of high grade students at SDN Sawojajar 01. Learning at school can be done in the classroom. From the results of this study students produce effective learning so that it will help teachers more easily do learning in class. Because students in high grades have thoughts that are conducive to learning.

 This study was motivated by the lack of use of digital-based learning media in the learning process, the absence of counseling and guidance on the dangers of drugs in SDN Kalibaru 07 morning, as well as environmental factors around the school, namely Kalibaru Barat village, which is an area prone to drug abuse. To overcome these problems, efforts are needed to develop stop-motion animation video media that aim to produce stop-motion animation videos that are practical and effective. This research uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The analysis phase includes an analysis of Learning media development needs and the characteristics of learners. The design phase includes the design of the GBPM and storyboard as a reference in developing stop-motion animation video media. The development phase includes product development and validity tests by experts, namely material experts with an average percentage score of 96.42% in the category "Very Decent", media experts with an average percentage score of 100% in the category "Very Decent", and linguists with an average percentage score of 96.87% in the category "Very Decent". The evaluation phase was conducted by providing a user response questionnaire, namely for teachers with an average score percentage of 95% in the category "Very Good", and learners with an average score percentage of 92.73% in the category "Very Good". The results showed that stop-motion animation videos are very good at instilling anti-drug attitudes in elementary schools.

The main problem in this reseach is how strengthen character in the independent curriculum in forming character in grade 1 students, the process of applying ethical values to students and the results of strengthening character though learning Javanese. This type of research is descripve qualitative. In this study the data collection used included: observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation.the analytical method used is three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. In learning Javanese, habituation can be carried out if the school environment can play a role in the habituation of learning Javanese, including the use of spoken language, behavior, and habits of these factors that have an influence on students, based on the research results that has been done, it can be concluded that the analysis of strengthening character in the independent curriculum through learning Javanese at SD Negeri Sawojajar 1 is carried out with good.  

This research is motivated by the problem of corruption, which is currently still the main cause of obstruction of national development. Anti-corruption education as a preventive form of corruption eradication is attempted to build anti-corruption attitudes and understanding of students. Indications that students are infected with corruption are characterized by lying to get benefits and lack of discipline. Seeing the challenges in order to improve the character of students, the P5 program was formed, namely the profile project of strengthening Pancasila students in the independent curriculum. Thus, this research aims to create an interactive learning media in the form of an E-Book with the title "Berani Anti Korupsi" as a facilitator for students to learn anti-corruption education through P5 activities.  This research uses the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis (Analyze), Design (Design), Development (Development), Implementation (Implementation) and Evaluation (Evaluation). The results of the assessment obtained through experts and users indicate that the Interactive E-Book media "Brave Anti-Corruption" can be applied as a learning media that supports anti-corruption education in Fourth grade in elementary school.