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Indonesian as the national language of the Indonesian nation is also a language studied in various countries. The Indonesian Language Program for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) is a program aimed at teaching Indonesian to foreign speakers. One of the learning models applied in the BIPA program is the AKIK Learning Model (active, communicative, interactive and collaborative). This research aims to: (1) describe the application of the AKIK learning model in BIPA teaching. (2) Analyzing student responses to the AKIK learning model. (3) Identifying the obstacles faced in implementing the AKIK learning model. (4) Evaluate the results of Indonesian language learning using the AKIK learning model. The research results show that the implementation of the AKIK learning model is effective in improving the communication skills and understanding of Indonesian at Normal University South Luzon students. Students responded positively to the AKIK learning model, feeling more motivated and active in learning. However, several obstacles are faced, such as cultural and language differences and limited learning facilities that support technology. This research contributes to the development of the BIPA curriculum by recommending more effective teaching strategies. The results can be used as a reference for teachers and researchers in the field of foreign language teaching, especially Indonesian.

The Covid that hit Indonesia has made everything we do change drastically. There are many rules in our daily lives such as wearing masks, washing hands and maintaining distance. In addition, all areas of life are also affected, the most affected is in the field of education. The impact of covid 19 is certainly very influential for schools, even universities because online learning is carried out, this is certainly very impactful. In addition to having a great impact on online learning, there are also obstacles in implementing it, for example, students do not have mobile phones, or teachers are not proficient in using IT-based technology and many more. The impact of online learning is very diverse, the most affected is elementary school, because it is in elementary school that we start everything, both lessons and socializing. The impact of online learning, especially at the elementary level, is that students become lazy in learning, students are bored while studying, the lessons learned do not enter the brain due to lack of explanation by the teacher, student association becomes less and so on.

This study aims to: 1), Know the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency), Know about - factors that affect the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and the obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. To achieve this goal, researchers use data collection techniques through, observation, interviews, and documentation or literature studies. The data obtained from the results of the study were processed using qualitative analysis to find out about the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency and Know about- what factors influence implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. The results of this study show that: 1. the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles In Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency has not been fully carried out optimally because of the existence of people who are pro and con to every decision made, Regarding the implementation of the supervisory function carried out has been carried out properly so as to minimize the occurrence of deviations from the implementation of Village Regulations and APBDes. 2. factors that affect the implementation of BPD's supervisory function are affectedby 2 (two) factors, namely internal factors which include community support/participation in BPD, and good cooperative relations between BPD and Village Government. While the second factor is external factors which include the lack of benefits provided to BPD members, facilities and infrastructure, lack of human resources who fill BPD membership and the existence of communities that are pro and con to every decision made.

Leadership style can be defined as a collection of a person's behavior that aims to change and influence the minds of other people so that they are willing to follow the instructions and directions given. This research is a type of qualitative research that uses a descriptive approach. The aim is to explain and describe information obtained from the field as data in research. The location of this research was at SMKS St. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon, the research subject is the principal at SMKS St. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon. The data analysis method used refers to the theory of Miles and Huberman, which consists of several steps as follows: 1). Data Collection: Researchers collect data through interviews, observation and documentation. 2). Data Reduction: Researchers carry out selection returning to the data that has been collected at the data analysis stage. 3). Data Presentation: The reduced data is presented by the researcher at this stage. 4). Drawing Conclusions: Before drawing conclusions, the researcher double-checks the data that has been collected. Leadership is the ability and readiness of an individual to influence, encourage, invite, guide, mobilize, and if necessary force others to act in achieving organizational goals. Situational leadership is a leadership approach in which the leader's behavior is adapted to the varying conditions and situations of each subordinate. Indicators that influence situational leadership include: (a) the telling dimension, where the leader gives clear instructions when assigning; (b) selling dimension, which involves two-way communication between leaders and subordinates; (c) participating dimension, which includes assigning tasks and responsibilities to subordinates and supporting leaders in carrying out these tasks; and (d) the delegation dimension, where the leader gives authority to subordinates to act independently. At St. Mary's Vocational School Nahanson Parapat, the situational approach adapts leader behavior to specific conditions and subordinate needs, with four main styles, namely telling, selling, participating, and delegating. Situational leadership has been implemented with examples of implementation by the Principal practicing a telling approach in exam preparation, using selling in discussing new teaching scheduling, and participating in Prakerin planning. However, the delegating style is less applied because the Principal tends to control all aspects of decisions and tasks. In practice, situational leadership at St. Nahanson Parapat faces several obstacles, including the school environment and staff characteristics, which influence the effectiveness of implementing this leadership style. These obstacles require special strategies to overcome them, so that situational leadership can be more effective and adapt to existing situations, so that organizational goals are achieved optimally.

Learning the Koran requires special attention because of the high level of difficulty of the material. Blind teachers face complex challenges in classroom management and delivery of material, requiring special interpersonal communication strategies. This research aims to describe the interpersonal communication strategies of blind teachers in learning the Koran at MDTA Ahlul Ihya' Ponorogo, along with obstacles and solutions. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used by collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation from blind teachers, fellow teachers, students and parents. Data analysis includes reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The results show that communication strategies involve getting to know students personally, determining appropriate messages, methods and media. Barriers include difficulties in visual instructions, unclear use of symbols, impaired facilities, as well as semantic barriers due to incompatibility of language and background experience. The proposed solution includes deliberation and evaluation, collaboration with fellow teachers, meetings with student parents, and the creation of a learning guidebook.

In the current era of globalization, regional autonomy has become a very important part of public services. There is a need to address the problems that arise in Sokawera Village regarding the lack of facilities and skill level of village officials with the demands of a more dynamic community and an archival processing system that is still conventional. With the conveniences provided, it encourages people to utilize information and communication technology to help with their daily activities. The village government does not yet have a website address. This means that the information held by the village cannot be accessed by the wider community, causing Sokawera Village to still be very underdeveloped. In the era of increasingly advanced technology, a website-based information system can be implemented in Sokawera Village to overcome obstacles that can be used as a medium for village information and innovation. With the existence of a village information system in Sokawera Village, the community can directly access various kinds of information presented. Likewise, village officials can directly provide or update information related to the villages they support. All forms of information regarding purchasing products produced by local MSMEs can also be accessed on the village information system page. The methods used in this research are problem formulation, data collection, problem identification, system development using research results method.

The existence of the police is essential in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, because the police are structured in such a way from the regions to the center and are also in accordance with the duties and functions of the police in creating public security and enforcing the law. The problem raised in this research is: what are the steps taken by the National Police in tackling criminal acts of financing terrorism? What are the obstacles to the National Police in dealing with criminal acts of terrorism?This research is directed towards normative, or doctrinal, juridical legal research which is also referred to as library research or document study, because it is mostly carried out on secondary data in libraries. The results of the research and discussion explain the role of the National Police in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, namely maintaining public security and order, which is a dynamic condition of society as one of the prerequisites for implementing the national development process in order to achieve national goals which are characterized by ensuring security, order and the rule of law, as well as fostering it. peace, which contains the ability to foster and develop the potential and strength of society in warding off, preventing and overcoming all forms of law violations and other forms of disturbance that can disturb society. The National Police's efforts to tackle terrorism include repressive efforts, preventive efforts and preemptive efforts. The obstacle for the National Police in tackling terrorism is that it is hampered by the synergy of cross-sectoral cooperation, namely between the police, regional government and other related agencies.    

This research explores the vital role of business legality in supporting the growth and sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Through a combination of interview and direct observation approaches, we investigate the challenges faced by MSMEs in obtaining appropriate business legality and its impact on market access and financing. The findings indicate that a lack of understanding of the importance of business legality, complex licensing processes, and the need for specific requirements are major obstacles for MSMEs, especially those operating at the micro and small levels. Furthermore, we conclude that complete and legally valid business legality forms a solid foundation for the growth of MSMEs, enabling broader access to formal markets and financial resources. The approach of mentoring in obtaining the Business Identification Number (NIB) emerges as an effective solution in assisting MSMEs in overcoming challenges related to business legality. Comprehensive mentoring programs, ranging from education about the registration process to practical assistance in gathering required documents, provide much-needed support for MSMEs like Bu Siti in navigating complex registration processes. Evaluation and feedback, as well as effective information dissemination, also prove crucial in increasing MSMEs' awareness and understanding of licensing procedures and the benefits of having complete business legality. Thus, collaborative efforts from various parties can help create a more conducive environment for the growth of MSMEs in Indonesia.  

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts and obstacles in overcoming the crime of baby dumping in Manggarai Regency. This research is empirical research, which is research conducted directly in the field and carried out at the Manggarai Resort Police and the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A) of Manggarai Regency. Data collection techniques used interviews and document/literature studies. The data used were primary and secondary data. The results of the data processing were analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study show that: (1) The efforts made by the Manggarai Resort Police and DP3A of Manggarai Regency in overcoming the crime of baby dumping are Repressive and Preventive efforts. (2) The inhibiting factors in the efforts to overcome the crime of baby dumping in Manggarai Regency are the difficulty in identifying the perpetrators of baby dumping, limited human resources, facilities and infrastructure, agencies that do not carry out their duties properly, community conditions. 

This research aims to analyze and describe electronic parking policies that can consider the technology readiness factor of the people of Surabaya in order to realize a smart city. This type of research uses qualitative descriptive research, with data collection techniques carried out through observation and interviews. This research uses theory using Jan Merse's theory. The research results explain that the electronic parking policy which can take into account technology readiness factors is overall quite effective, although there are still obstacles that can be overcome with continuous monitoring and evaluation. The implementation of this policy supports the development of smart cities and is expected to improve the quality of life of Surabaya City residents.

Education is a basic right of every individual and has a crucial role in the development of human resources. However, the cost of higher education is often an obstacle for many families, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This research examines the high cost of higher education from an Islamic legal perspective, highlighting how the Koran offers a solution to this problem. A qualitative approach with literature studies is used to understand the views of Islamic law and Al-Quran solutions regarding higher education costs. The Koran teaches the importance of education and offers mechanisms such as zakat, sadaqah, and waqf to support more just and equitable education. This research shows that the implementation of Islamic principles can help overcome barriers to access to higher education, promote social justice, and build quality human resources

This study examines the strategies and implications of online learning for children with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with special needs, including those with intellectual disabilities, require education tailored to their unique needs. This research uses a literature review method, prioritizing research articles published in the last 5 years to gather relevant data on distance learning and effective strategies for children with intellectual disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a shift from face-to-face to online learning, posing significant challenges for children with intellectual disabilities who have difficulty with logical thinking and require direct interaction to understand material. Online learning offers advantages such as time flexibility and the use of technology, but also has drawbacks such as a lack of direct interaction, resulting in a limited understanding of the material. Parents play a crucial role in supporting children during online learning, but they face challenges such as limited knowledge and motivation from the child. This study found that parents often struggle to explain material to their children and maintain their learning motivation. To overcome these obstacles, recommended strategies include the use of simple language, repetitive explanations, and real-life examples. Online learning also brings children and parents closer, allowing parents to better understand their child's nature and create a closer relationship. In conclusion, support from family and teachers is essential to enhancing the effectiveness of online learning for children with intellectual disabilities, and adapting appropriate strategies can help overcome various challenges encountered during the online learning process during the pandemic.

Natuna Regency is one of the areas that has abundant marine potential and is one of the people's livelihoods. The backwardness of Natuna Regency as a lagging 3T region, foremost, and outermost is one of the obstacles that make Natuna Regency untouched from various assistance programs from the central government in providing assistance to the people in Natuna Regency. The Integrated Marine and Fisheries Center (SKPT) is one of the programs of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in the development of small islands and spatial-based borders and the marine and fisheries sector as the main driver. The main objective of this SKPT program is to utilize the marine and fisheries potential of Indonesia's outer islands to increase the capacity of the main actors in marine and fisheries and improve the welfare of the main actors in the marine and fisheries sector in a sustainable manner. The research method used descriptive qualitative with the number of informants 3 people. The results of this study are known that: (1) the effectiveness of the integrated marine and fisheries center program in the fishing cooperative of East Bunguran District, Natuna Regency is administratively effective, because the purpose of this program is clear, which is given to cooperatives and distributed to fishermen, (2) aid ships cannot be used because capital is needed and kapa cannot be used in the Natuna Sea,  (3) that the adequacy of the integrated marine and fisheries center program in the fishing cooperative of East Bunguran District, Natuna Regency is not sufficient, (4) the assistance vessels provided have been distributed equally to the KUB in East Bunguran District, (5) the community responded positively and very enthusiastic with the assistance of the ship, (6) assistance was distributed appropriately, namely to fishermen in East Bunguran District. The conclusion of the evaluation of the integrated marine and fisheries center program in the East Bunguran District Fisherman Cooperative has not been successful because the assistance vessels provided cannot be used by fishermen with specifications that are not in accordance with the wishes of the community and the conditions of the Natuna Sea.

Smuggling of used clothes is a criminal act that is still a serious problem in Indonesia.This is certainly a concern from various parties, especially Customs and Excise as an agency that has duties and responsibilities in the field of Customs. Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 10 of 1995 gives authority for Customs and Excise to carry out their roles in accordance with the scope of duties and functions carried out. However, in practice in the field, cases of smuggling of used clothes continue to be found, one of which is in the Atambua City area This research uses an empirical juridical research method, which is a study that directly examines the phenomenon of smuggling used clothes that occurs in the field, as well as the role of Customs and Excise investigators and the obstacles of Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the smuggling of used clothes by conducting an interview with the Head of the Atambua Customs and Excise Office, Head of the Atambua Customs and Excise Enforcement and Investigation Section, Atambua Customs and Excise Investigator Members and the public who are consumers and sellers of used clothes. The results of the study showed: (1) The role of Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the crime of smuggling used clothes in the Atambua City area includes preventive measures, namely socializing to the public about the smuggling of used clothes and conducting patrols. (2) The obstacles experienced by Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the crime of smuggling used clothes in the Atambua city area include the breadth of the surveillance area, accessibility, the high interest of the Atambua community in consuming used clothes, law enforcement factors where there are still law enforcement personnel involved in smuggling, facilities or facilities where the number of transportation and investigator members is still minimal, community factors where there is still a lack of sensitivity and community participation in eradicating the smuggling of used clothes in the Atambua city area.

The character of students at school is decreasing, especially the students. There are some students who are lazy about attending lessons, there are some students who skip school, there are students who do not take part in learning activities in a particular subject, and also the indifferent attitude of students in paying attention to the explanation of the teacher who is teaching in front of the class. Therefore, the role of the school committee is very necessary by collaborating with the school to find ways to guide students in character building. This research aims to determine the role of committees in developing student character as well as the obstacles faced by committees and schools in developing student character. The research method uses qualitative research, through observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. Research subject; Mr. Husni as the School Committee, Erda Wika as Deputy Head of Public Relations and 3 parents, namely Mr. Hendri, Mrs. Evi Aidar and Mrs. Mariana. Research results: (1) Committee planning can be seen in determining tasks and goals in accordance with what is to be achieved. The committee also discusses the planning of the program that will be implemented, the planning is discussed together with the school community and parents/guardians of students using various delivery methods, where in the planning there is the formulation of objectives, formulating tasks and developing work strategies. (2) The Committee regulates the strategy for developing the character of students in accordance with the work agenda as discussed in the work agenda directly at school meetings or general meetings which also include parents, guardians/students. (3) The obstacles experienced occur more often outside the school environment, due to the lack of parental supervision of children so that they are more likely to enter into free association. Meanwhile, in terms of funding, the obstacle experienced by the committee is that most parents of students are economically weak, because a weak economy can also be a problem or obstacle for students who want to go to school.

In recent years, news about human trafficking both domestically and across countries has increasingly been broadcast in print and electronic media. The rise in crimes that occur is caused by various factors that encourage perpetrators to commit crimes. Human trafficking is a practice of modern slavery that degrades dignity and can threaten the survival of the general public. The target or targets of this trading practice are usually people who earn low income and have low education. It is important to know that this crime can be committed individually or collectively. It is said to be joint if it is carried out in the name of a business entity and in the interests of the corporation based on the work relationship and work environment of the corporation. Corporations as legal subjects for the criminal act of trafficking in persons are regulated in Article 13 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons. The current obstacle is that the implementation or application of punitive sanctions against corporations is still not firm. This can be seen from the increasing number of cases where the perpetrator is a business entity or corporation. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method which examines legal materials such as books or articles that discuss human trafficking using secondary data for detailed analysis. qualitative. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations to commit criminal acts of human trafficking in Indonesia and to find out how criminal sanctions are applied against corporations for criminal acts of human trafficking in Indonesia.

This research aims to understand the government's efforts in increasing local revenue (PAD) through the development of tourism potential in West Manggarai Regency during the 2019-2022 period, specifically focusing on the natural tourism of Rangko Cave. The process of developing tourism potential, particularly the natural tourism of Rangko Cave, requires government efforts to overcome existing challenges by using strategies to increase the PAD of West Manggarai Regency. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, conducting structured interviews with informants such as the Head of the Regional Revenue Agency, the Head of the Tourism Office of West Manggarai Regency, the Head of Tanjung Boleng Village, employees of the Regional Revenue Office, employees of the Tourism Office of West Manggarai Regency, and the residents of Tanjung Boleng Village. The results show that the West Manggarai government and the residents of Tanjung Boleng Village have made efforts and strategies to increase local revenue through the development of tourism potential, particularly the natural tourism of Rangko Cave, as best as possible despite several obstacles, such as a lack of supporting facilities for good and structured services, which reduce the value of the tourism site.

This thesis aims to: 1) To understand how the role of madrasah diniyah in supporting the tahfidz program at PPTQ Baitul 'Abidin Darussalam Wonosobo. 2) To find out how the tahfidz program at PPTQ Baitul 'Abidin Darussalam Wonosobo. 3) To find out the supporting and inhibiting factors of madrasah diniyah in supporting the tahfidz program at PPTQ Baitul 'Abidin Darussalam Wonosobo.This thesis uses a descriptive qualitative approach where the type of research is field research. Data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation methods. The analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing.The results showed that: 1) The tahfidz program at PPTQ Baitul 'Abidin Darussalam is reciting with 3x deposits for muroja’ah and 1x for ziyadah. In addition, there are also up and down juz and ngglondong programs that aim to strengthen memorization. PPTQ Baitul 'Abidin Darussalam Kalibeber Wonosobo also has a vision in the tahfidz program, namely to form a generation of huffadz who have Qur'anic souls and are proficient in general science (shari'at), so that in memorizing students it is recommended to be able to understand and practice the contents of the Al-Qur’an. 2) Equipping students with religious sciences (shari'at) that are salafiyah, where sciences like this are not taught in formal educational institutions. After being able to learn the sciences of sharia, students will understand better and find it easier to practice in everyday life. So that it can realize a Qur'an memorizer who can practice what is memorized so that it is more useful. 3) The supporting factors for the role of madrasah diniyah in supporting the tahfidz program at PPTQ Baitul 'Abidin Darussalam Kalibeber Wonosobo are curriculum management and a systematic teaching and learning process. While the obstacle is that some students are still boarding for the first time, making students less interested in learning and having difficulty understanding the lessons, of course it takes a long time to be able to adjust to the environment, besides that the infrastructure is still inadequate.

This research aims to (1) determine sharia marketing strategies in increasing consumer buying interest carried out by Safira cafe owners in the reviewing village of Mare Sebo Ulu sub-district, Batang Hari district. (2) To find out the obstacles faced in efforts to increase consumer buying interest at Safira Cafe. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique in this research uses observation, interview and documentation techniques. The theory used in this research is the theory put forward by Abuznaid formulating the definition of sharia marketing, namely, wise decisions in order to satisfy customer needs through good behavior, providing healthy products or services (halalan thoyyibah) with the approval of both parties (seller and buyer). ) in order to achieve material and spiritual prosperity, this world and the hereafter through an ethical world. Apart from that, the theory used by Kotler, marketing is a way in which companies involve consumers, build good relationships with consumers and create value for consumers, so as to get good value or response from consumers in increasing profits and consumer feedback. The 4P marketing strategy used is, product, price, place and promotion. The results of this research show that, the marketing strategy carried out by Safira Cafe to increase revenue is with product strategies starting from improving the quality of the products presented, product health, product cleanliness and product halal. Pricing strategy, Safira Cafe has set affordable, relatively cheap prices. The prices offered by Safira Cafe are affordable and cheap in accordance with the economy of the community in the review village and are suitable for all teenagers and adults. Place strategy, safira cafe prioritizing the cleanliness of the place and consumer comfort while at the Safira Cafe. Promotional strategy, Safira Cafe does not promote via social media, only promotes by word of mouth, but quite a few people already know about the existence of Safira Cafe. Meanwhile, the income earned by Safira Cafe is still relative or fluctuating, namely depending on the number of visitors.

Education is an effort carried out by the government to educate society and advance the nation.  Without professional teaching resources, the quality of education will not improve. The aim of this research is to determine the level of professionalism of teachers through professional organizations in achieving quality education, and obstacles to community development. A professional teacher/instructor cannot only be responsible for teaching materials in his field of knowledge, a professional teacher must have a broad understanding /in depth about human nature and society. The teaching profession has various professional attributes, one of which is the professional teacher organization, which was created to ensure the teaching profession can play a maximum role in the educational process and the quality of education. This research uses qualitative methods with a library study approach (Library Research)