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This study investigates the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in the manufacturing sector, with a focus on comparing the experiences and outcomes of small and large enterprises in Europe. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research examines how these enterprises adopt CSR practices and the resultant impacts on financial and environmental performance. The findings indicate that both small and large enterprises benefit significantly from CSR, evidenced by improvements in key financial metrics such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), as well as reductions in carbon emissions and enhancements in energy efficiency. Small enterprises, despite facing challenges such as limited financial resources and lack of expertise, achieve notable local community engagement and operational efficiencies through targeted CSR initiatives. Large enterprises leverage their extensive resources to implement comprehensive CSR strategies, resulting in substantial environmental and financial gains. The study highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement, government support, and a robust organizational culture in facilitating effective CSR adoption. These insights underscore the need for supportive measures to help SMEs overcome barriers and enhance their contributions to sustainable development.

Article 244 of the latest Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) prohibits racial and ethnic discrimination. However, its implementation is still subject to debate. This research aims to analyze the hadith perspective on Article 244 of the new Criminal Code regarding racial and ethnic discrimination. This research uses qualitative methods with a text analysis approach. Information is collected from hadith books and other related literature. Information is analyzed using deductive and inductive methods. The research results show that the hadith has a perspective that is in line with Article 244 of the new Criminal Code regarding racial and ethnic discrimination. These hadiths teach that all humans are equal before Allah SWT, and there should be no discrimination based on race or ethnicity. This research recommends that the new interpretation of Article 244 of the Criminal Code considers the hadith perspective. This is important to ensure that the application of this article does not violate the principles of justice and equality.

This research will discuss the legal analysis of article 338 of the Criminal Code relating to murder, as well as the legal perspective provided by the hadith from Samurah Radhiyallahu'anhu. Article 338 of the Criminal Code is a criminal law provision in Indonesia which regulates murder. In this context, an analysis will be carried out on the legal implications of the article, both in its application and interpretation. Apart from that, this abstract will also discuss the perspective of Islamic law regarding murder based on hadith from Samurah Radhiyallahu'anhu. Hadith is the second source of law in Islam after the Koran and is often a guide in interpreting various legal issues. By analyzing this hadith, we will consider how Islamic law views the act of murder and the factors that influence it. Through this approach, this abstract will present a comprehensive understanding of murder in the context of Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. By considering legal perspectives from these two different sources, it is hoped that we can provide a broader and deeper view of the issue of murder in the legal realm..

Ethical decision-making in educational leadership is a critical aspect of ensuring effective governance and fostering a positive school climate. Insights drawn from Islamic scholars provide valuable perspectives on moral principles that guide leaders in educational settings. This study explores the ethical considerations and decision-making processes influenced by Islamic teachings among educational leaders. This research aims to investigate how Islamic scholars' insights inform ethical decision-making practices in educational leadership. It seeks to analyze the ethical frameworks advocated by Islamic teachings and their application in contemporary educational contexts. This study employs a literature review approach to examine scholarly articles, books, and Islamic texts that discuss ethical principles relevant to educational leadership. The research focuses on synthesizing and analyzing existing literature to identify key themes, principles, and practices advocated by Islamic scholars in guiding ethical decision-making among school leaders. The findings highlight that Islamic scholars emphasize principles such as justice (adl), compassion (rahma), honesty (sidq), and accountability (mas'uliyyah) as foundational to ethical leadership in education. Ethical decision-making processes are guided by Islamic teachings that prioritize the well-being of stakeholders, fairness in decision outcomes, and adherence to ethical norms. Insights from Islamic scholars offer nuanced perspectives that enrich contemporary discussions on ethical leadership and governance in educational settings

This abstract discusses the role of Abu Hurairah's hadith in the context of handling bullying, as well as the relevance of Article 76c of 2014 in modern legal efforts. This research aims to explore the Islamic understanding of hurtful behavior and the way modern law deals with similar cases. Through a text and literature analysis approach, this study dissects Abu Hurairah's views on abusive treatment and its implications in society. Furthermore, legal analysis on Article 76c of 2014 is explored to understand the legal response to bullying. The results demonstrate the complexity of blending religious views with modern law in addressing rapidly changing social issues. The suggestions from this study highlight the need for inter-religious exchange and intrigue in defining successful arrangements in addressing the issue of oppression, incorporating instructive, legal, and social viewpoints.

Extramarital affairs are becoming an increasingly prevalent social phenomenon in the modern era. This research aims to examine the understanding and definition of extramarital affairs in Islam, the concept of extramarital affairs based on Hadith Abu Dawood No. 1692, the sanctions and punishments for the perpetrators, preventive measures for extramarital affairs from an Islamic legal perspective, and its correlation with the provisions of adultery in the Criminal Code of Indonesia (KUHP) Article 284. A qualitative method with a text and content analysis approach is used to conduct this research, as well as a literature study. The research results show that extramarital affairs in Islam are categorized as a major sin that has the potential to damage the harmony of families and society. Hadith Abu Dawood No. 1692 emphasizes the prohibition of extramarital affairs and provides an overview of the sanctions for the perpetrators. Preventive measures for extramarital affairs in Islam include fostering faith and morality, strengthening families, and providing sexual education. The Criminal Code of Indonesia (KUHP) Article 284 regulates adultery with criminal sanctions, but its relevance as a sanction for perpetrators of extramarital affairs still needs to be studied further. This research concludes that Islamic law plays an important role in preventing and addressing extramarital affairs, and its integration with positive law needs to be considered to realize justice and the common good.

This study explores the Islamic legal perspectives on online trading of defective goods, considering hadiths, laws, and comparisons with positive law, in the context of the increasing electronic commerce in the modern world. Findings highlight the seller's obligation to transparency and responsibility for defective goods, as well as the rights of buyers, providing a basis for practical recommendations including enhancing information transparency, forming policy based on Sharia principles, educating business operators and consumers, developing dispute resolution mechanisms in accordance with Islamic law, and implementing technology to improve transparency and compliance. Thus, it is hoped that consumer protection in the context of online trading can be enhanced in line with the moral and ethical principles of Islam, which in turn will support the sustainable development of electronic commerce

This journal aims to understand the role of career women in children's education based on hadith and constitutional perspectives. The method used is literature study, namely data collection by finding sources from various books, reviewing, and processing them. The results showed that the hadith and the constitution have similar views in viewing the role of career women in children's education. The hadith emphasizes the mother's responsibility in caring for and educating children, but does not prohibit women from working. The constitution guarantees women's right to work and education, and ensures that children's rights to education and care are fulfilled. In conclusion, the role of career women in children's education is not contrary to Islamic teachings and positive law in Indonesia. Career women can play an active role in educating children while still paying attention to the needs and rights of children.

The franchise business trend is growing rapidly, including in the iced tea trade. One of them that is currently viral is the Solo iced tea franchise business. This research examines the widespread trading of solo iced tea franchises from the field and habitus perspective of Pierre Boudieu. In this research, researchers used a qualitative and descriptive approach about the rise of the Solo Ice Tea Business. The author uses case study research with literature study and in-depth interviews. Habitus' perspective shows that people's consumption habits and preferences for local products contribute to the popularity and growth of this franchise. The development of the Es Teh Solo franchise is strongly influenced by the interaction between social structure (Field) and individual disposition (Habitus). The combination of economic, social and cultural capital is the key to success in a competitive market.    

Legal protection for children who are victims of domestic abuse is an issue that requires serious attention in the legal system. Children who experience abuse in the domestic environment are vulnerable to long-term physical, psychological and emotional impacts. This article discusses legal protection efforts that can be taken to protect children who are victims of domestic abuse. This research explores the international and national legal framework that regulates children's rights and their protection, and focuses on legal instruments that can be used to address this problem. Through a normative legal analysis approach, this article outlines various steps that can be taken by relevant institutions and authorities to ensure strong protection for children who are victims of domestic abuse. Some of the recommended steps include increasing public awareness regarding children's rights, strengthening cooperation between child protection agencies, the police, and the justice system, as well as expanding the definition and enforcement of laws related to domestic abuse. This article also reviews challenges that may arise in the implementation of legal protection efforts, including underreporting of cases, stigmatization, and imbalances in access to justice. Therefore, integrating a multidisciplinary approach and providing psychosocial support to child victims is also an important focus in overcoming this problem. By integrating legal, social and psychological perspectives, this paper concludes that legal protection for children who are victims of domestic abuse requires a comprehensive approach involving various stakeholders. Only through concerted efforts to strengthen the legal framework and its implementation, and ensure equitable access to justice, can children be effectively protected from the impacts of abuse in the domestic context.

This research aims to examine Hamka's views on neo-Sufism and understand how he views this phenomenon from a religious, social and intellectual perspective. Hamka, as one of the Islamic reformers in Indonesia, tried to harmonize the exoteric (natali) and esoteric (batini) aspects in his teachings. He offers a concept of Sufism that prioritizes cleanliness of the heart and seeks to synergize social and spiritual elements. This research uses a qualitative research design with a content analysis method. The data analyzed includes descriptions and opinions from books written by Hamka as well as discussions of thoughts written by them and others. Through this analysis, the researcher seeks to understand the complexity of the relationship between religious traditions and the challenges of modernity in Hamka's view of neo-Sufism. The results of the research show that Hamka criticizes certain aspects of neo-Sufism which he considers to be contrary to true Islamic teachings, such as mystical practices that have no basis in the Koran and Sunnah, as well as excessive emphasis on spiritual experiences without being based on solid religious knowledge. Hamka emphasized the importance of knowledge, education and spiritual guidance in achieving a correct understanding of Islam and the practice of Sufism in accordance with Islamic values. Hamka's views on neo-Sufism also reflect his concern about the social and cultural changes of his time. He offers active, dynamic and progressive Sufism as a solution to the spiritual crisis of modern humans. Hamka emphasized the need for stronger and more dynamic involvement in society, as well as maintaining a balance between worldly life and the afterlife. This research provides insight into the complexity of the relationship between religious traditions and the challenges of modernity within the framework of Hamka's thinking, as well as the importance of maintaining the integrity of Islamic teachings in facing the dynamics of changing times. The study of Hamka's views on neo-Sufism provides an important basis for understanding the religious and intellectual dynamics in contemporary Islam.    

The world of education and teaching in this contemporary phase cannot be separated from hegemonic relations between policy stakeholders. Policymakers who will exist in 2022-2023 are involved with Gen X, individuals born in the 1965-1980 period. In its power as a policy maker, education is directed and expected to become a concrete step like a machine that produces moral human beings. Morals in education are intended so that students can have the values of love, love each other within the limits of norms and have commendable ethics both in religious and cultural values. The problem in this research concerns contemporary issues regarding the hegemony of power over the moral educational process in the view of the philosophy of science at the ontological, epistemological and axiological levels. The aim of this research is to reveal the hegemony of power over the moral educational process in the view of the philosophy of science at the ontological, epistemological and axiological levels. The method used in this research is qualitative with a philosophy of science approach. From the perspective of the philosophy of science, the hegemony of power over moral education goes through three phases; ontological as a search for the nature of what and why of moral education; epistemological as a review of the hegemony of power towards moral education in the philosophical aspect and axiological as a review of the usefulness of aspects of the hegemony of power towards moral education. The results of the research show that there is a hegemony of rulers who have power which is marked by the symbol of the Minister of Religion as the ruler of Gen With this moral education, educators will continue to be wise and wise in their lives, because the function of Islamic education in Indonesia is to improve and teach morals to their students so that they become human beings who have moral values.

Restitution for child victims of serious criminal abuse is a human right guaranteed under the legislation. Indonesia Child Protection Law explicitly contains provisions regarding special protection for children who are victims of physical violence, established through several measures such as treatment and rehabilitation, psychosocial assistance as well as providing protection and assistance in every judicial process. In line with that, the victimology perspective developed in Indonesia's criminal law system also recognizes the vulnerable position of victims in the law enforcement process, thus requiring further action in the form of restitution for criminal victimization. However, in its implementation, inconsistencies in law application by law enforcers and societal factors often hinder the fulfillment of holistic restitution, which creates injustice for child victims whose rights are only partially fulfilled. Therefore, this research aims to examine the fulfillment of restitution for child victims of serious criminal abuse through the victimology perspective. This study employs a normative juridical methodology with a statutory approach and study case on South Jakarta District Court Decision number 297/Pid.B/2023/PN Jkt.Sel.. The data used in this study is secondary data and analyzed descriptively to provide a concise overview following the progressivity of children's rights protection who are victims of serious criminal abuse under Indonesian law. The findings of this study convey that the implementation of legal protection for child victims of serious criminal offense in South Jakarta District Court Decision number 297/Pid.B/2023/PN Jkt.Sel. by law enforcers has not been fully maximized and complies with the related laws as the main legal basis for the fulfillment of the right to restitution.

Abstract Child exploitation is one of the most serious cases. Triggered by increasingly advanced and widespread globalization, child exploitation in Thailand continued to increase from 2019 to 2022. As a country that has long ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Thailand's determination to resolve child exploitation cases is questionable. This article examines the effectiveness of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Thailand from 2019 to 2022, using Arild Underdal's perspective on the effectiveness of the regime and explaining it clearly. The results of this study show that the Convention on the Rights of the Child that has been ratified by Thailand has not yet been fully enforced. This is evidenced by a steady increase every year from 2019 to 2022. This shows that child exploitation cannot be solved with current laws.  

Learning about computer components in schools often relies on textbooks or practical exercises, which can sometimes result in student boredom. Therefore, learning requires innovation to optimize the student learning experience and provide a fresh perspective on the material. One such innovative approach is the use of augmented reality (AR) technology. AR is a breakthrough and innovation in the fields of multimedia and image processing that is rapidly evolving. This technology can transform a previously flat or two-dimensional object into something that appears real and integrated with the surrounding environment. Consequently, it can be applied in education to provide an engaging and enjoyable visual experience. This research aims to develop an educational application for introducing computer components using augmented reality technology, which is expected to assist teachers in delivering the material effectively to students. The research employs a Research and Development methodology, with application testing conducted using Alpha testing. The result of this study is an educational media application for learning about computer components using augmented reality technology, which is engaging and adds a new dimension to the teaching and learning process.    

Understanding the concept of Justification by Faith is crucial for Christians, as it enables them to gauge their comprehension and application of this doctrine in their lives. Many Christians have yet to fully grasp this foundational aspect of their faith. This study aims to elucidate the true significance of Justification by Faith by comparing the perspectives of Paul and James, which at first glance, seem contradictory. This research employs a literature review approach, involving the identification, classification, and analysis of relevant literature on the topic of Justification by Faith according to Paul, James, and Calvin. The study involves a hermeneutical analysis of biblical texts, a comparison of theological perspectives, and a systematic organization of findings. Paul asserts that justification occurs through faith, independent of works, as an act of God's grace (Romans 3:28, 4:5). The law reveals human sinfulness and the need for divine justification through faith in Christ. James emphasizes that genuine faith is demonstrated through works (James 2:24). He argues that faith without works is dead and insists on the necessity of works as evidence of true faith. Calvin integrates both perspectives, emphasizing that justification by faith is inseparable from the process of regeneration by the Holy Spirit. He views faith as a gift from God that leads to good works, the fruit of genuine faith. Justification by Faith is an act of God that can only be achieved through His grace and the sacrifice of Jesus Christ (Romans 4:5; 5:6). Faith is rooted in the truth of God's revelation in Christ, culminating in belief in His crucifixion and resurrection. Both Paul and James agree that faith and works are essential in a genuine response to God, with good works being the inevitable result of true faith. This study underscores the interconnectedness of faith and works, aligning with Martin Luther's assertion that good works are the fruit of righteousness. The comprehensive understanding of Justification by Faith involves recognizing it as a divine act that provides hope for salvation through faith, a gift from God facilitated by the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8; Galatians 5:22).  

It is important to carry out this research because the digital tourism theme is a theme that is still relatively little carried out by other researchers. This research uses qualitative methods with literature review techniques with the results discussing 37 research article publications that are relevant to this research. The research results show that the application of digital tourism has a lot of potential that can change the way the tourism industry operates and interacts with tourists, including increased accessibility, enhanced tourism experiences based on AR and VR technology, and effective marketing. The application of Digital Tourism opens up various interesting opportunities in the tourism industry, including: digital marketing, virtual tourist experiences with AR and VR, tour guide applications, online booking, tourism data analysis, environmental conservation, and personalization of tourist experiences.The development or trend of digital tourism in 4 eras has apparently experienced a significant increase. Some of the challenges faced related to Digital Tourism include: lack of a comprehensive framework, limited understanding of technology users, the need to measure the sustainable impact of digital technology, data privacy and security issues, long-term impacts of digital tourism use, collaboration with parties involved in digital tourism, cross-cultural perspectives and implementation of management strategies using intelligent systems.    

Education is a basic right of every individual and has a crucial role in the development of human resources. However, the cost of higher education is often an obstacle for many families, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This research examines the high cost of higher education from an Islamic legal perspective, highlighting how the Koran offers a solution to this problem. A qualitative approach with literature studies is used to understand the views of Islamic law and Al-Quran solutions regarding higher education costs. The Koran teaches the importance of education and offers mechanisms such as zakat, sadaqah, and waqf to support more just and equitable education. This research shows that the implementation of Islamic principles can help overcome barriers to access to higher education, promote social justice, and build quality human resources

The development of digital technology and increasingly widespread internet access in recent decades has led to a significant increase in online gambling participation. The ease of access offered by online gambling platforms has attracted a wide range of people regardless of age, gender, or socioeconomic background. However, this phenomenon also brings serious negative impacts, including addiction that can trigger criminal behaviour such as fraud, theft, and money laundering. This research aims to explain the relationship between online gambling and criminal behaviour from a criminal psychology perspective and discuss the social implications and effective prevention strategies. The method used is a literature study, with analysis of various data sources from books, journals, and previous research. The results of the review show that online gambling not only affects the economy, religion and mental health of individuals, but can also damage household harmony and social relationships. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of online gambling addiction and criminal behaviour so that more effective intervention approaches can be formulated.

Today's crimes are increasingly showing increasingly modern patterns, one of which is the crime of money laundering (" money laundering "). The crime of money laundering is understood as the act of hiding the origin of funds which are illegal because they are obtained from a criminal act which appears to be legitimate. Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering. The stages of money laundering which consist of conversion (" placement "), layering (" layering "), and integration ("integration") in its development are carried out by utilizing cyberspace (" cyber "), so that it constitutes " cyber crime ", the handling of which is increasingly difficult and complex, because this crime can be a transnational crime, even though law enforcement officers in carrying out their authority are limited by jurisdiction. Apart from that, special competence and expertise is also needed in the field of " cyber ". " Cyber money laundering " is an inevitability that must be faced as a form of " white collar crime " in the 21st century era, so that efforts to prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering can be achieved. implemented optimally.