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This article examines Paul's perspective on slavery in early Christianity with a focus on the concept of spiritual equality and views on spiritual freedom. Although Paul did not explicitly call for the physical liberation of slaves, the concept of spiritual equality in Christ became a moral basis that highlighted the dignity of every individual regardless of social status. Paul's view of spiritual freedom was interpreted as a potential encouragement to support physical and social liberation, although it did not propose direct changes in law or policy. This research also details possible responses of early Christian communities to this concept in practical contexts, including efforts to support human rights and create an ethical environment that respects the values ​​of freedom and human dignity.  

Adlerian counseling is a counseling approach that refers to individuals who want to achieve their life goals by motivating them towards mastery and fulfillment of life needs, Adler also considers that social interest is a measure of mental health. In the Adlerian counseling process, multicultural competence is considered very important as a form of empathy that can be shown by counselors to individuals with the same cultural background. This research method is skinative with a type of literature study, literature study is a technique or method by reviewing sources that have been made before, such as collecting library data, reading, recording, and reprocessing materials that will be used for research. The purpose of the research is to discuss Adlerian counseling in a multicultural perspective. The results of this study include (1) Adlerian counseling there are several techniques that can be used including interpretation, dream analysis, and also free association. (2) Adlerian counseling has stages that are important to do, namely developing relationships, exploring the dynamics of individual psychology, and finally encouraging self understanding and insight. (3) Adlerian counseling has advantages and disadvantages, which can be adjusted to the problems of the counselee that must be resolved. (4) Adlerian counseling often uses a multicultural perspective where the counseling process must run by adjusting the culture between the counselor and the counselee in order to establish a deep relationship and empathy based on similar cultural backgrounds.

This paper presents findings from a survey conducted among high school students to explore their views on religious education and its role in promoting intercultural respect. The survey aims to understand students' perspectives on how religious studies influence their attitudes toward different cultural and religious groups. Results show that students exposed to diverse religious teachings tend to demonstrate higher levels of tolerance and curiosity about other cultures, supporting the notion that religious education can play a critical role in fostering intercultural understanding.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the Indonesian economy, including Warung Madura MSMEs. This research aims to analyze the development strategy of Warung Madura MSMEs from an Islamic economic perspective. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with Warung Madura owners and economic observers. A literature study was also carried out to explore the concept of Islamic economics and its application in developing MSMEs. The results of the research show that Warung Madura's MSME development strategy from an Islamic economic perspective offers a holistic and sustainable approach. By applying the principles of justice, sustainability, business ethics, human resource development and access to appropriate financing, Warung Madura can increase its competitiveness and contribute more to the local economy. It is hoped that this research can provide insight for stakeholders in formulating more effective MSME development policies and programs

This study aims to Determination of factor prices is an essential element in the economic system that includes aspects of production and distribution. In the perspective of Islamic economics, factor pricing not only relies on economic efficiency, but must also pay attention to the principle of distributive justice in line with Islamic values.  The research method uses a qualitative approach with a literature review or library reaseach. The data used in this study are sourced from various literature books and scientific articles. The results of the study discuss the concept of factor pricing based on the theory of marginal products, labor markets, time allocation, equilibrium, and return on investment without usury. The analysis focused on the link between economic efficiency and fair distribution in accordance with maqashid sharia. The results show that optimal factor pricing within a sharia framework can support market equilibrium, increase labor productivity, and promote income distribution across different sectors of the economy. In addition, sharia-based policy interventions are needed to overcome market distortions and ensure the realization of holistic economic justice.

This research aims to analyze the role of management accounting in decision making and improving company performance, with a focus on the application of main techniques such as Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis, Activity-Based Costing (ABC), and Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Through a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and case studies on several companies, this research found that management accounting techniques contribute significantly to optimizing costs, increasing operational efficiency, and planning long-term strategies. The use of CVP Analysis helps companies plan more profitable product costs and prices, while ABC provides more accurate cost allocation for each activity in the value chain. On the other hand, BSC helps companies to assess performance as a whole, not only from a financial perspective, but also from non-financial aspects such as customer satisfaction and service quality. However, this research also identified several challenges, including limited resources, insufficient understanding of these techniques, and resistance to change within organizations. Limitations in the research sample and observation time are also factors that need to be considered. Overall, this research confirms the importance of implementing management accounting in improving company performance, but also shows that internal and external factors need to be considered in its implementation.

Kelley's perception theory and attribution theory are two main approaches in psychology that examine how individuals understand and give meaning to other people's behavior. Perception theory, based on the concept that people view the world through a subjective lens, highlights the importance of individuals' interpretations of social information in shaping their perceptions of others. In contrast, Kelley's attribution theory focuses on the way individuals explain behavior, both their own and that of others, through causal attributions to internal (such as personality) or external (such as situation) factors. By combining different psychological perspectives, these two theories provide valuable insights into the complexity and diversity of how humans understand and process social information in everyday interactions.    

In this research, the concept of edupreneurship is used as an approach in designing the process of applying creativity in providing education to the public about opportunities to increase financial coffers. The potential for good cooperation between pkk mothers who meet every week and the abundant natural potential can increase income and add value. One of the abundant potentials is the mangrove plant whose leaves and fruit can be used. This research aims to (1) map the environmental and economic potential of the Tapak Village community with an edupreneurship perspective (2) Increase community creativity, especially coastal communities which have abundant mangroves (3) Create jobs for the community to increase financial coffers. The research method used in this research was carried out by a project in Tapak Village. Data obtained through interviews and documentation. with research subjects namely the community of pkk mothers in Tapak Village, Tugu District, Semarang City. The research results show that the potential of the Tapak Village community has abundant resources in the form of mangrove plants, considering that the community is enthusiastic and united. Abundant resources in the form of mangrove plants can be used as processed food which has sales value in the field of health snacks.

In the maritime industry, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) fully supports gender equality programs. IMO's form of support regarding gender equality is stated in resolution 14 of the Standard of Training Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) Amendment 2010, which states that IMO supports women to play an active role in the maritime industry, including their active role as ship crew. Male and female crew members have different leadership qualities. This research aims to determine the differences in leadership characteristics of male and female crew members and to determine the relationship between leadership characteristics and gender perspectives on organizational conditions on ships. This research is qualitative research. The approach used in this research is grounded theory.  The results of this research lead to the knowledge that differences in the gender of ship crew who are leaders will cause differences in treatment of subordinates or humans in an organization on a ship. At the middle level, the leadership results of male crew members are less effective than female crew members. Meanwhile, the leadership character of male crew members will be maximized when they have full power in the highest position in the organizational structure on the ship.

This article examines the evolving landscape of digital privacy rights within civil law frameworks. With technological advancements outpacing regulatory measures, there is a growing need for robust legal standards to protect personal information. This study compares privacy regulations across several jurisdictions, assessing the efficacy of existing laws and identifying key challenges faced by policymakers. The article proposes a set of guidelines that could help harmonize digital privacy standards globally, ensuring individual rights are adequately protected in an increasingly interconnected world.

The Public Housing Savings Program or what is known as Tapera has become a national polemic which is starting to become unsettling among the Indonesian people. The People's Housing Savings Management Agency (BP Tapera), which until now seems to only collect public funds through savings with a savings scheme that is still unclear. By looking at this problem, the author found that the Additional Service Benefits program that previously existed and could run exactly the same as the Tapera program with income tax cuts for each taxpayer, this shows that it would be more effective if there was just one program so that there would be no inequality. According to the Minister of Manpower's Regulation regarding the procedures for granting, requirements and types of additional service benefits, it is stated that the type of additional service benefit can be in the form of a housing mortgage, which to date not all people use.

Meanwhile, from an Islamic economic perspective, demand and supply are the same as conventional economics. However, there are restrictions for individuals to act economically in accordance with Sharia (the Quran and Sunnah as well as the Ijtihad of Islamic scholars or economists). Slutsky's theory explains the behavior of consumers who allocate income to maximize consumption satisfaction, which is acceptable in Islam as long as it does not violate the principle of moderation. Price and Income Impact: Islam teaches us to consider the impact of prices and income on the economic balance of individuals and society, In Islamic economics, Islamic norms and moral values are used as principles in economics The Hicksian theory, which focuses on consumer satisfaction, is acceptable if it does not neglect the spiritual aspect. Price and Income Impact: Islam encourages its followers to consider the impact of the economy on social welfare. The Hicksian theory helps to understand how changes in prices and income affect consumption decisions. Islam criticizes the assumption that consumers are always rational and have complete information, as humans have limitations and weaknesses..

This study examines the impact of audit lag, audit quality, prior audit opinion, opinion shopping, and audit client tenure on the going concern audit opinion of Consumer & Cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2021–2023. A going concern audit opinion reflects the auditor's concerns about a company's ability to sustain operations in the future. The population consists of 163 companies, with 103 selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 309 data points over three years. This quantitative research relies on secondary data from independent audit reports available on the IDX. Logistic regression analysis, performed using SPSS 23.0, reveals that audit quality significantly and negatively influences the likelihood of a going concern audit opinion and prior audit opinions have a significant positive impact. Conversely, audit lag, opinion shopping, and audit client tenure do not significantly affect going concern audit opinions. These findings provide insights for auditors, regulators, and stakeholders regarding factors that influence auditors’ assessments of a company’s financial stability in the Consumer & Cyclical sector.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management in Kurnia Supermarket, Tanjungpinang City. The type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews. The sample used was purposive sampling. The informants are 3 people, namely 1 manager and 2 employees from the goods arrangement staff and cashier division, in order to obtain a comprehensive perspective related to the implementation of performance management implemented. The results of the study show that performance management at Kurnia Supermarket has been implemented well. This is reflected in the implementation of clear goal setting, achievement of performance targets, and employee competency development that focuses on improving work quality. This implementation also supports the improvement of operational efficiency which has a positive impact on the company's overall performance. Although it has shown positive results, the study also found several challenges, such as a lack of understanding of some employees regarding the performance management system and limited human resources in some divisions. Therefore, it is recommended to improve communication and increase socialization about performance management to all employees to achieve more optimal results.

The goal of democratic reform is to build an efficient and effective government management structure. Good governance, reflected from top to bottom, is demonstrated through the efficiency of civil servants in a country. This research focuses on the Badan Kepegawaian Daerah (BKD) of Batam City, as its performance reports reveal issues in evaluating employee performance. While BKD Batam has adhered to Government Regulation No. 46 of 2011 on Employee Performance Appraisal in the Execution of Official Duties, the current evaluation method is not effectively implemented. This regulation is expected to contribute positively by assisting government agencies in assessing the performance of their employees. The study combines qualitative methodology with a descriptive field research approach and inductive theoretical perspective. The aim is to describe and analyze the effectiveness of performance appraisal at BKD Batam, along with identifying the factors that hinder effective evaluation. Using interactive data analysis techniques, the findings conclude that BKD Batam's current performance evaluation system is ineffective due to its lack of integration with established standards and performance indicators. The key factors hindering effective performance evaluation include: 1) the subjective nature of the current evaluation; 2) the improper placement of civil servants in positions not aligned with their educational background; 3) the lack of strong understanding regarding the importance of performance evaluation among both evaluators and those being evaluated; and 4) a decline in supervision during the performance evaluation process.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supply chain management on company performance with competitive advantage as a mediating variable in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The sample in this study used culinary SMEs as the object of research. While the method used in sampling is purposive sampling. Samples were taken as many as 344 respondents with the criteria of culinary SMEs in Magelang Regency which had a minimum workforce of 5 people and the business was over 2 years old. The analytical tool used is path analysis using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that supply chain management and competitive advantage partially have a positive effect on company performance, supply chain management has a positive effect on competitive advantage, and competitive advantage has an effect on company performance, and competitive advantage can mediate supply chain management relationships on company performance.

This research aims to uncover the symbolic meaning of stupas placed in front of houses of Buddhist communities affiliated with Vihara Mahanama in Semanding Village, Central Java. Stupas as architectural and symbolic elements hold important positions in religious practice and cultural identity of local Buddhist communities. This study employs a qualitative approach using case study methods with ethnographic perspectives. Data collection techniques include field observations, in-depth interviews with Buddhist communities and vihara leaders, and visual documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively-interpretively using symbolic anthropology frameworks and semiotic architecture theory to reveal symbolic meanings contained in the form, placement, and social function of stupas in daily life. The results show that stupas are not merely religious ornaments, but represent multiple layers of meaning: spiritual values, cosmic symbolism, protection, and markers of Buddhist cultural identity in predominantly non-Buddhist environments. Stupa symbolism also reflects processes of cultural adaptation and spirituality rooted in the social dynamics of the Semanding Village community. This research contributes to understanding the integration of Buddhist symbols in contemporary Indonesian society and their role in maintaining religious identity in multicultural contexts, while also providing insights into the domestication of sacred symbols in everyday spaces.

This research examines how religious education can be used to foster a sense of global citizenship among students. Through case studies from selected schools and interviews with educators, the study identifies specific pedagogical strategies that encourage students to engage with global issues from an ethical and intercultural perspective. The findings suggest that religious education, when integrated with discussions on global issues, can empower students to become active, empathetic, and socially responsible citizens.

This classroom action research aimed to explore an innovative approach to teaching English that specifically targets the development of communication skills required for implementing sustainable business strategies. The study was conducted at the Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI) Semarang, involving 30 management students. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through surveys, interviews, classroom observations, and English proficiency tests. The findings revealed that the innovative teaching method, which integrated sustainability concepts and focused on developing relevant business communication skills, effectively enhanced students' English competence and understanding of applying sustainability concepts in business. The increased English proficiency positively impacted students' comprehension and ability to implement sustainability principles in business contexts. The study concludes that integrating sustainability concepts into English language learning for business purposes is an effective strategy for developing management students' competencies as change agents in promoting sustainable business practices. Recommendations for future research include expanding the sample, conducting longitudinal studies, exploring teachers' perspectives, and collaborating between business management academics and English language experts.

Meaningful learning is analyzed through the interaction between learning subjects and the episteme framework of education. This research is to determine the interpretive activities of causality of the relationship between 3 (three) dimensions of the subject phenomenological analysis model (ethnographic context of learning) and determine the influence of the meaningful process of interaction between learning subjects. So that this approach model uses several observations of semiotic analysis variables, gestures, and interpersonal relationships. It also seeks to translate between interactions, semiotic resources, and meaning-making. Analysis using the theory of Meaningful Learning Ausubel model learning at Islamic Junior High School Al-Azhar 15 in Cilacap. To determine the meaningfulness of the interaction of learning the Mathematics Ecomathrigi model, data collection techniques use observation, documentation, and interviews. The results are there was a significant mutual influence between students-teachers-artifacts in the meaningfulness of mathematics learning; The significant influence is also due to the use of the Ecomathrigi model learning approach in building learning interaction; The consequences of the significant influence of cognitive structure on new students on alumni perspectives on mathematics learning, teachers and schools.