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This study was conducted to review the quality of test items in Business Economics and General Administration subjects using a classical analysis approach. The assessment process included examining validity, reliability, difficulty level, the ability of questions to differentiate student abilities, and the accuracy of distractors. The research approach used was descriptive quantitative, with 32 students from grades XI and XII majoring in Accounting as subjects and 50 multiple-choice questions as instruments. The main focus of this study was to ensure that the evaluation tools used were truly capable of describing students' competency achievements. Data analysis was conducted through observation results and student responses on Google Forms, which were then processed using the Anates Version 4.0 application. The results of the analysis showed that most of the questions had high validity and reliability, good discrimination power, and a moderate level of difficulty. However, the overall quality of the distractors was not good enough, and there were no questions in the difficult category. Overall, the quality of the questions in this subject can be categorized as good and suitable for evaluating the learning of vocational high school students in grades XI and XII.

Curriculum and education is an inseparable relationship because the curriculum is very important in education, if there is no curriculum then education will not be realized because the curriculum is a guideline for the maintenance of education in addition to that the curriculum is always adapted to the existing situation and circumstances. One of the educational institutions that are active in applying K-13 is MA Putri 1 Al-Amien Prenduan, where this institution is under the umbrella of Al-Amien Prenduan Pesantren Pondok. Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan is composed of 4 parent institutions, namely Tarbiyatul Banaat Diniyah Al-Amien (TIBDA), Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Amien (MTsA) accredited status in 2005, Madrasah Aliyah Al-Amien (MAA) accredited status in 2004, Madrasah Aliyah Skills (MAK), and the Middle School of Information Technology (SMK IT) established in 2008. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. As for the data collection technique in this research, it is using methods of interview, observation and documentation. The interview method used is a structured interview to extract detailed data from the source. From the findings in the field obtained based on the results of interviews, documentation, and observations can be concluded into several points: 1) the K13 learning plan in improving student performance performed by the teacher is by first mapping the KD by establishing the theme that is in the teacher's book. 2) K13 learning process in improving student learning performance more emphasizes cognitive aspects with emotional, and psychomotor support. 3) Authentically evaluate in K13 learning to improve this student’s learning performance using various techniques and starting instruments

Family management plays a pivotal role in establishing equilibrium between emotional dynamics and communication among family members. The family environment constitutes the primary context in which children learn to interact, communicate, and develop their character. Parental communication patterns, along with their capacity for emotional regulation, serve as critical determinants of a supportive home atmosphere conducive to children’s developmental and educational outcomes. This study aims to examine the influence of communication management and emotional management within the family on the development of children’s emotional intelligence and their overall academic success. This research employs a literature review approach by critically analyzing various sources, including scholarly journals, books, and relevant empirical studies. The findings indicate that effective communication management characterized by openness, empathy, and mutual respect strengthens parent child emotional bonds, enhances learning motivation, and improves academic achievement. Furthermore, sound emotional management enables parents to regulate stress and model appropriate self-control, thereby fostering a harmonious and productive learning environment within the household.

The process of determining scholarship eligibility often faces challenges related to subjectivity and uncertainty in assessment criteria, which can result in inaccurate and unfair decisions. Scholarship selection generally involves multiple criteria, such as academic achievement, family economic conditions, and supporting factors that are difficult to evaluate using conventional decision-making methods. Therefore, an appropriate decision support approach is required to handle such uncertainty effectively. This study aims to implement the Fuzzy Mamdani method in a decision support system to determine scholarship eligibility more objectively and accurately. The research method consists of data collection, fuzzification of input variables, formulation of fuzzy rules, inference using the Mamdani approach, and defuzzification using the centroid method to obtain a crisp eligibility value. The results show that the Fuzzy Mamdani method is capable of producing flexible eligibility scores by considering the degree of membership of each criterion. The generated output reflects real conditions more comprehensively compared to traditional methods. The implementation of this method can assist decision-makers in improving transparency, consistency, and fairness in scholarship selection. This research is expected to contribute to the development of intelligent decision support systems in the field of educational assessment.

The phenomenon of students displaying lazy attitudes and a lack of learning motivation represents a major challenge in the teaching and learning process of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in various schools across Indonesia. This condition has a direct impact on low levels of student engagement and the achievement of expected learning objectives. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the multidimensional causes of this phenomenon, including internal student factors such as learning interest, levels of self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and learning styles, as well as external factors encompassing the role of teachers, particularly in the selection of instructional methods, classroom management, and pedagogical interactions. In addition, the family environment, peer influence, and digital culture are also important factors affecting students’ learning motivation. The article also presents various practical and integrated strategies that can be implemented by PAI teachers to enhance students’ learning motivation. The proposed approaches include strengthening value-based classroom management rooted in Islamic principles, applying active, participatory, and contextual learning methods, and reinforcing collaboration between schools and families in building a positive learning culture. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and classroom action research (CAR), the analysis shows that teachers’ emotional engagement, the implementation of educational reward systems, reflection on religious values, and experiential learning are able to increase students’ intrinsic motivation. This study implies the importance of curriculum innovation and strengthening professional development for PAI teachers to better orient learning toward fostering students’ enthusiasm for learning and the sustainable development of religious character in the digital era.

Regional financial management in the era of decentralization demands absolute transparency and accountability from local governments to the public. This article is the result of a Public Sector Audit Project aimed at critically analyzing the interrelationship among the three main pillars of auditing: financial accountability, regulatory compliance, and performance effectiveness through the Value for Money framework (3E: Economy, Efficiency, and Effectiveness). The methodology employed is descriptive qualitative research using document analysis techniques on Audit Reports (Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan/LHP) and regional financial management regulations. The findings reveal an “accountability paradox,” where the achievement of an Unqualified Opinion (Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian/WTP) does not fully correlate with the absence of corruption practices or improvements in public welfare. The study identifies procurement of goods and services as well as grant expenditures as areas particularly vulnerable to non-compliance. Furthermore, the effectiveness aspect of budgeting is often neglected due to the predominantly administrative focus of audits. This article recommends transforming the role of Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) into strategic partners, strengthening auditor independence, and integrating information technology–based audits to mitigate maladministration risks and ensure tangible economic benefits for society.

The primary objective of this research is to enhance English academic proficiency among seventh-grade pupils at UPT SMP Negeri 4 Takalar, specifically regarding "Introduction" subject matter, through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) framework. This study was necessitated by observed deficiencies in student engagement and challenges in vocabulary acquisition, particularly concerning regular and irregular verbs, which had previously led to unsatisfactory academic performance. Utilizing a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, the investigation was executed over two distinct cycles with a cohort of 24 students from Class VII B. Data acquisition involved the administration of performance assessments and systematic classroom observations. Subsequent analysis revealed a marked enhancement in learning achievements. During Cycle I, the mean score was recorded at 78.75, corresponding to a classical mastery rate of 37.5%. Following instructional refinements in Cycle II, the average score rose to 80.42, while the classical mastery rate increased to 50%. Moreover, observational evidence highlighted constructive behavioral shifts characterized by heightened engagement in collaborative discussions and improved oral communication confidence. Consequently, this study concludes that deploying the PBL model serves as an effective strategy for augmenting both English academic achievement and social interaction within the classroom environment.

Gross motor development in infancy is a crucial aspect of child growth that requires early and continuous stimulation. Limited maternal knowledge and skills in providing appropriate stimulation may hinder the achievement of infants’ gross motor milestones. This program aimed to empower mothers to stimulate infants’ gross motor development through tummy time and baby yoga at PMB Lina Contesa. A community empowerment approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design was applied. The participants were mothers with infants aged 3–12 months. The intervention included health education, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and mentoring in performing tummy time and baby yoga. Evaluation was conducted by assessing maternal knowledge and skills before and after the program. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 56.4 ± 8.7 to 85.2 ± 6.9 after the intervention. In addition, the proportion of mothers who were able to correctly perform gross motor stimulation techniques increased from 27.8% to 88.9%. These findings indicate that empowering mothers through education and training in tummy time and baby yoga is effective in improving maternal knowledge and skills and has the potential to support the optimization of infants’ gross motor development.

Facilities and infrastructure are essential components in the provision of education, functioning to support the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes, student comfort, and the achievement of quality learning outcomes. In boarding-based Islamic schools (madrasah), facility needs become more complex due to the integration of formal academic curricula with religious instruction and a full residential system. The National Education Standards (SNP) serve as the national reference for the fulfillment of educational facilities in Indonesia; however, the standards do not specifically regulate boarding facilities, resulting in a gap in facility fulfillment among pesantren-based madrasah. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of educational facilities and infrastructure at MTsS Sunanul Husna, South Tangerang City, with the SNP and to identify inhibiting factors affecting the fulfillment of such standards. The research employed a qualitative case study design through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using interactive procedures, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that academic facilities are categorized as adequate, with classrooms, teacher rooms, administrative offices, computer laboratories, and a UKS room available and functioning, although the library and student sanitation facilities require improvement. Boarding facilities such as dormitories, worship areas, and kitchen facilities are categorized as good, despite not being covered in the SNP. The study reveals that financial limitations, centralized authority at the foundation level, and the absence of national standards for boarding education represent the main inhibiting factors. The study implies the need for the formulation of facility standards specifically for boarding madrasah and for strengthened collaboration among the government, foundations, and communities in fulfilling educational infrastructure.

Academic productivity is a vital indicator of student success in higher education, but it is often hampered by the complexity of tasks, transitions in the learning environment, and digital distractions that trigger procrastination. This phenomenon demands a high degree of adaptability so that students do not become trapped in physical and mental exhaustion due to unmanaged workloads. Therefore, this study aims to analyze in depth the causal relationship between time management skills and academic productivity, as well as investigate their role in mitigating academic stress levels in students. The research method applied is a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach. The research data was sourced from secondary data in the form of 21 reputable scientific articles (national and international journals) published between 2020 and 2025. The data analysis process was carried out through the stages of data reduction, synthesis of findings, and narrative conclusion drawing to systematically map the relationship between variables. The results and discussion of the study show that time management has a significant positive correlation with improved learning achievement. Specific indicators such as daily schedule planning, priority setting, and self-regulation have been empirically proven to increase task completion efficiency and Grade Point Average (GPA) achievement. Conversely, poor time management was identified as a major predictor of cognitive overload and exhaustion, especially among students with dense curricula such as engineering majors. This study concludes that mastery of time management is not merely a scheduling tool, but a fundamental cognitive strategy that functions as a coping mechanism to maintain mental health and achieve an optimal study-life balance.

The village is the lowest level of government that directly interacts with the community in providing and delivering public services. This requires the support of competent village officials, who are able to provide transparent and accountable services. Orderly and professional village administration is a crucial foundation for achieving good village governance. However, village administration issues remain a significant challenge that requires serious attention. This Community Service activity aims to improve the capacity of village officials in public service through administrative training in Rinbesihat Village, West Tasifeto District, Belu Regency. This community service activity involved university students and was implemented in several stages: initial coordination with the sub-district and village governments, problem mapping, activity implementation, and evaluation. The results of this community service activity were increased knowledge, which in turn improved the quality of village officials in village administration. With this training, it is hoped that village administration management can become more orderly, effective, and support the achievement of good and accountable village governance.

Adolescent mental health is an essential component of optimal growth and development, yet it often receives less attention compared to academic achievement. Adolescents are in a vulnerable developmental stage characterized by emotional changes, social pressure, and environmental demands, which increase the risk of mental health problems. This activity aimed to improve knowledge and promote positive attitudes among junior high school students regarding adolescent mental health, including its definition, signs and symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies. The method used was a health education intervention employing a pre-test and post-test design. The activity was conducted at Al Amanah Junior High School, South Tangerang City, involving 25 students. The evaluation instrument consisted of a 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire with a maximum score of 100. The results showed that the average pre-test score was 98.40%, while the post-test score increased to 99.60%, indicating a 1.20% improvement. Although the increase was relatively small due to the high baseline knowledge (ceiling effect), the findings demonstrate that the educational intervention effectively reinforced students’ understanding of adolescent mental health. In addition, interactive discussions during the session contributed to increased awareness and reduced stigma related to mental health issues. This mental health education program has the potential to support early prevention efforts and foster a more supportive school environment for adolescents’ psychological well-being.

This study aims to analyze in depth the quality of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in the learning process at schools and its implications for early childhood development. The quality of educators is viewed as one of the key factors determining the success of learning implementation and the achievement of educational objectives at the early childhood education level. This study employs a literature review method, which involves collecting various relevant scientific articles, books, and other academic sources related to the research topic, followed by systematic analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding and conclude the findings. The results indicate that the quality of educators has a significant influence on teachers’ success in performing their roles as facilitators, mentors, and educators in supporting children’s cognitive, social, emotional, and motor development. Therefore, the quality of early childhood educators needs to be continuously developed and improved through education, training, and professional development to maintain and enhance the quality of learning activities in schools. In addition, support from various stakeholders, including the government, educational institutions, schools, and parents, plays a crucial role in efforts to improve the quality of early childhood educators in an optimal and sustainable manner.

Honesty (ṣidq) is a fundamental moral value in Islam that serves as the foundation for personal integrity and social ethics. In the current era of globalization and growing materialistic culture, this value faces serious challenges as societal orientation shifts from moral virtue to economic achievement and social image. This study employs a narrative review method, analyzing recent literature on moral education, Islamic ethics, and contemporary social dynamics. The findings reveal that honesty functions not only as a personal virtue but also as a social force that strengthens public trust and national stability. However, the global wave of materialism has weakened the internalization of ṣidq, especially among younger generations. Restoring honesty as the moral identity of the nation requires synergy among character-based education, spiritual reinforcement, and public policies that promote transparency and integrity. The recontextualization of honesty through Islamic spiritual principles and Rokeach’s value theory offers a path toward moral recovery for Indonesian society amid the global challenges of the 21st century.

This study focuses on analyzing the application of cloud computing as a supporting infrastructure for digital transformation in the implementation of Smart City at the Communication and Information Agency (Diskominfo) of Muara Enim Regency. In the era of digital transformation and accelerated urbanization, the need for smart city management based on information technology has become increasingly urgent. Cloud computing plays a strategic role in providing integrated, scalable, and efficient data services to support the effectiveness of public services and data-driven decision-making. This study aims to analyze the extent to which cloud computing has been implemented in the Muara Enim Diskominfo environment, identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of its implementation, and evaluate its contribution to the achievement of Smart City objectives. This study uses a comparative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of cloud computing at the Muara Enim Communication and Information Agency is still in the development stage, with positive achievements in data management efficiency and inter-unit collaboration, but facing obstacles in terms of system integration and human resources. This research contributes to strengthening academic understanding of cloud computing implementation strategies in the context of local government, as well as providing practical recommendations for policy makers to improve digital infrastructure readiness towards a sustainable Smart City.

The academic crisis among Physics students often arises due to the pressure of the credit semester sistem (SKS), grade demands, and heavy study loads. This condition drives students to focus solely on achieving academic results, while the essence of learning as worship is often overlooked. This study aims to explore how the values of Islamic education, particularly the orientation towards rewards, can help students cope with academic pressure. The methods used include literature review and a quantitative survey with an online questionnaire completed by 56 Physics and Physics Education students at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. The analysis results show a significant correlation between the SKS pressure and changes in learning behavior (r = 0.807), while the orientation towards rewards acts as a spiritual balance. The findings suggest that Islamic education plays a crucial role in building academic resilience through values of sincerity (ikhlas), patience (sabar), trust in God (tawakal), and balance (tawazun). Thus, academic achievements can become a means of worship while contributing positively to society. This study highlights the importance of spiritual values in achieving balanced academic success.

School leadership plays a strategic role in improving educational quality through effective management, the creation of a positive school culture, and the achievement of learning outcomes, while women’s participation in educational leadership continues to face structural and cultural challenges related to gender stereotypes. This study aims to analyze the leadership styles of female principals at SMK Negeri 1 Penawar Tama and SMK Negeri 1 Banjar Margo, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and examine the strategies implemented to improve school quality. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with principals, teachers, and students as research subjects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, passive participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using interactive qualitative analysis techniques involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, with validity ensured through triangulation and member checks. The results indicate that female principals apply a combination of democratic-participatory, transformational, visionary, humanistic-communicative, and professional exemplary leadership styles. These leadership practices are reflected in inclusive decision-making, open communication, moral exemplarity, and strategic programs oriented toward student competence and institutional development. Supporting factors include strong personal commitment, high discipline, a conducive school climate, and stakeholder support, while inhibiting factors consist of limited infrastructure, policy changes, internal differences of opinion, and gender-based social pressures. The study concludes that, despite existing obstacles, female principals are able to implement adaptive and participatory leadership strategies that foster a positive work climate, enhance school community involvement, and contribute significantly to improving the quality and sustainability of vocational education.

Abstract: Character education has become a critical challenge in secondary education, particularly in learning contexts that emphasize cognitive achievement over affective and behavioral development. Although Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is widely recognized for its potential to foster collaboration and responsibility, character outcomes are often treated implicitly and rarely evaluated systematically. This study aims to develop and evaluate a character-oriented Project-Based Learning framework using a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology in Islamic secondary education. The research was conducted through iterative design cycles involving problem analysis, instructional design, implementation, evaluation, and refinement. Explicit character indicators were embedded into each phase of the PjBL process and assessed using quantitative and qualitative instruments. Statistical analysis of pretest and posttest data revealed significant improvements in students’ character-related outcomes following the implementation of the proposed framework. Qualitative findings further indicated enhanced student engagement, collaboration, and social responsibility during project activities. The results demonstrate that integrating explicit character indicators into PjBL through a DBR approach enhances the effectiveness of character education beyond conventional instructional practices. This study contributes to the literature by providing a structured and empirically validated framework that bridges Project-Based Learning, Design-Based Research, and character education. The proposed framework offers practical implications for educators seeking to integrate affective learning objectives into active learning environments.

Stunting is a health issue that remains a concern for the government, particularly in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely the nutritional status of children under five. Stunting, or chronic malnutrition, causes children to fail to grow, which is influenced by mothers' knowledge of nutritional fulfillment in children, especially from the first 1,000 days of birth until the child is 2 years old. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on parents in preventing stunting in Sumeith Pasinaro Village. The targets of this study were pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and parents who had children aged 1-5 years. This study used a One Group Pre-test-Post-test design with paired sample t-test analysis. There were 12 participants in the activity. Data were collected through a multiple-choice questionnaire administered before and after the socialization with the material “Prevent Stunting from the Heart.” The average pre-test score of the participants was 6.75 and then increased to 9.33 on the post-test, with a difference of 2.58. The paired sample t-test results showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.014 (< 0.05), indicating a significant increase in participants' knowledge after receiving education. Therefore, health education through socialization activities is effective in increasing mothers' knowledge about stunting prevention. Activities like this are important to continue as an effort to reduce the incidence of stunting in the community.

This research aims to analyze the adaptive role of a dance teacher in teaching the subject of music art at SMK Asta Mitra Purwodadi, as well as identifying the patterns of collaborative approaches and the implementation of the Deep Learning strategy in the learning process. This phenomenon attracts researchers due to the case of a teacher teaching cross-disciplinary subjects, although still within the domain of the arts. This study employs a qualitative method using observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation techniques. The main subject of this research is Bu Evi, a dance teacher who also serves as the music art instructor. The research results indicate that the non-specialist teacher (with a dance background) successfully overcomes limitations in teaching music by performing a role transformation into a facilitator focusing on expression, rhythm, and performance. The implementation of Deep Learning is realized effectively through a kinesthetic approach, where abstract music concepts (such as tempo and dynamics) are translated through body movement exploration, which is proven to increase student enthusiasm and understanding. Furthermore, the teacher implements a strategic collaborative pattern with the music extracurricular teacher, where responsibilities are divided between aspects of expression/movement and the deepening of theory/vocal technique, ensuring talented students still receive adequate technical development. Assessment focuses on performative aspects (expression, tempo, teamwork, and self-confidence). This research concludes that the teacher's professionalism and pedagogical creativity are the main keys to bridging competency gaps, while simultaneously ensuring the achievement of the goals of the Merdeka Curriculum in shaping student character and 21st-century skills.