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Transparency in the management of upstream oil and gas contracts in Indonesia is crucial to ensure the efficient and accountable management of natural resources. The two main contract schemes applied, Cost Recovery and Gross Split, each face challenges related to transparency. In the Cost Recovery scheme, transparency issues are related to the verification of costs submitted by contractors, while in the Gross Split scheme, transparency is needed in determining objective production-sharing parameters. Digital technology emerges as a solution to improve accountability, but its implementation requires strong regulatory support and infrastructure investment. The principle of good faith between the government and contractors is also a key factor in achieving effective transparency. Strengthening the capacity of SKK Migas as the regulatory body and ensuring information openness to the public are essential to building trust and creating sustainable management.

ERP software has become an essential tool for managing and organizing vast amounts of data within institutions, especially with the rise of big data concepts. As a relatively new innovation, ERP falls under the umbrella of digital transformations shaping the modern world. These systems, along with their associated applications, offer capabilities that facilitate integration and coordination among departments and processes within organizations. This, in turn, supports better strategic decision-making. Additionally, ERP systems play a crucial role in enhancing production processes and improving customer interaction, provided that the technology and the data it generates are utilized effectively  

Oil production from a reservoir will naturally decrease or even not be able to produce at all. This condition does not necessarily indicate that the oil reserves in the reservoir have run out. If we only rely on primary production methods (primary recovery), it is likely that there is still a lot of oil left in the reservoir, so advanced production methods are needed to be able to drain the oil that is still left in the reservoir. Advanced oil recovery technology or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) continues to develop to overcome the challenges in increasing oil production from reservoirs that have entered the secondary or tertiary production stage. One method that has attracted attention is Miscible Gas Flooding (MGF), which involves injecting certain gases into the reservoir. This method allows the creation of perfect mixing conditions (miscible) between the injected gas and the oil in the reservoir, thereby increasing the efficiency of oil transfer and maximizing recovery results. This technology is a solution to maximize the potential of oil wells that have experienced decreased productivity. The main principle of Miscible Gas Flooding is to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and gas, and reduce the viscosity of the oil, so that the oil can flow more easily to the production well. Commonly used gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂), or light hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. With the right pressure and temperature, these gases can mix homogeneously with oil, resulting in higher displacement efficiency compared to water or immiscible gas injection methods. These advantages make MGF one of the most effective approaches to increase oil well productivity in complex reservoirs. Although promising, the implementation of Miscible Gas Flooding requires careful planning and a comprehensive evaluation of reservoir conditions. Factors such as the minimum pressure to achieve miscibility, the type of gas used, and potential disturbances such as fingering or channeling must be carefully considered. In addition, operational costs and the infrastructure required are also aspects that need to be taken into account.

The goals of this study is to assess the expenses associated with the production of goods at Mr. Lamadi's ronggo chicken noodle umkm located on Jl. Manunggal Amd, Patoman, Pangkemiri, Kec. Tulangan, Sidoarjo Regency. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing samples selected based on primary data. The outcome of this study reveal the production cost of goods on chicken noodles for chicken noodle toppings and pentol amounting to Rp. Rp. 9.500, for the retail price of Rp 14.500 then for chicken feet noodles of Rp. Rp. 8.000 for a retail price of Rp. 12.000 and for original chicken noodles Rp. 7,500 with a retail price of Rp. 11,500. In this analysis, there is a price distinction between the COGS calculation and the selling price of chicken noodles at the market price.

With the rising demand in the food sector, particularly for ready-made spices, CV. Peduli Pangan, which focuses on producing sachets of pepper, has a notable chance for expansion. To address this demand, accurate forecasting of production is essential for guiding choices related to production planning. Forecasting is an important tool for decision-making that underpins various manufacturing and service sectors.This research aims to estimate the ideal production quantity of pepper sachets over the next 12 periods. Regression analysis is utilized to identify the best-fitting model based on the gathered data, facilitating an exploration of how important factors affect production. The resulting regression formula shows that the production levels are impacted by the cost of raw materials (HBB), product defects (PG), and workforce (TK). The constant figure of 11,109.687 signifies the fundamental production level when these factors are not considered. If all other factors are ignored, a decrease in production volume occurs when the raw material price (X1_HBB) is -0.15 and the defect rate (X2_PG) is -0.617. On the other hand, production volume rises if the labor factor (X3_TK) is valued positively at 37.317. This forecasting model is designed to aid CV. Peduli Pangan in making informed and precise production choices.

The fluctuation of fuel prices (BBM) significantly impacts the national economy and public purchasing power. This study examines the dynamic relationship between fuel price adjustments, economic growth, inflation, and the socioeconomic conditions of society. The findings reveal that an increase in fuel prices often triggers a domino effect, including rising transportation and production costs, ultimately affecting consumer prices and reducing purchasing power. Conversely, the decline in fuel prices provides a short-term boost to public spending but may challenge government revenue if fuel subsidies increase. Policy recommendations include balancing fuel price adjustments with measures to protect vulnerable groups and maintain economic stability.

In this digital-based era, it is widespread in all circles to flock to become umkm actors from teenagers, adults and even parents. The growth of MSMEs in Indonesia continues to show a positive trend. The latest data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs notes that the number of MSMEs in 2024 will exceed 65 million units, with a very wide range of sectors, from culinary to digital technology. In this study, we will discuss in one MSME sector, namely in culinary, sometimes there are many MSMEs that only focus more on sales and income, for this reason, this study will discuss the analysis of the calculation of the cost of production in Es Dawet Idola MSMEs. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting direct observations at the business location and in-depth interviews with business owners. The main objective of this research is to analyze the calculation of production costs of ice dawet idol so as to provide recommendations for the development of the business.  

Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice made of a single carbon atom and has extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. These properties make it a very important material for a variety of applications, including energy management and electronics. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach to evaluate the role of graphene in improving battery performance and environmental sustainability. The results show that graphene significantly improves the performance of lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries as well as sodium and magnesium-based batteries. In addition, graphene also has great potential for environmental applications such as water purification and pollutant adsorption. However, challenges such as production costs, toxicity, and scalability still need to be overcome for wider adoption.

This article is made to learn the definition, components, and calculation formula of the Market Entry Barriers Component Index and Function Index, where these two measuring instruments are very important in analyzing the market. The function of the Market Entry Barriers Component Index is to evaluate the level of difficulty that a company will face in entering a pre-existing market. The way to evaluate it is by looking at obstacles such as fixed costs, production capacity, regulation, and production. For the Function Index itself, it functions to see how much efficiency will occur and includes distribution, information flow, and market mobility. This article also aims to provide an example of how the calculation system for the two indexes works. Through this understanding, readers and companies can formulate more appropriate strategies in dealing with obstacles and taking advantage of opportunities in the market.

This study evaluates the investment feasibility of UD Al-Mustofa, a tobacco business in Kendal, by considering aspects of production, storage capacity, waste management, and market expansion opportunities. UD Al-Mustofa is strategically located, ensuring high mobility, optimal production scale, and an effective waste management system, which includes recycling solid waste into organic fertilizer, processing liquid waste, and mitigating gas emissions by conducting tobacco drying in areas far from residential zones. Although the business has not yet obtained certification for international markets, financial analysis indicates that investment in this venture is viable. The calculations show a payback period of 2.01 years, significantly shorter than the projected 10-year investment lifespan. The Net Present Value (NPV) reaches IDR 489,345,567, indicating positive returns, with a profitability index of 0.854. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 46% significantly exceeds Bank Indonesia’s interest rate of 5.75% in 2024, while the Average Rate of Return (ARR) of 78.8% is higher than the cost of capital. Based on these findings, UD Al-Mustofa has strong potential for further development, both in terms of production and market expansion..

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are profitable businesses that are owned by people or corporate entities that operate to satisfy personal needs and ensure their existence. Calculating and analyzing manufacturing expenses in order to establish the selling price of fried chicken goods is the goal of this study. The full cost method is used to achieve this. Using a quantitative approach, this research investigates the elements that influence selling prices. This research uses direct observation of objects and interviews with owners to obtain precise data. According to our observations and interviews with Mr. Stefanus (36), owner of the Ayam Gebuk Sambalado MSME, the business still uses conventional methods to calculate the manufacturing cost. This research uses the full costing method to make information on the cost of production more accurate. This is predicated on a comparison of the whole costing technique and the business method for determine cost of items created, which demonstrates that the final cost of goods manufactured differs significantly. This happens because business owners don't know how to calculate the correct cost of production, so they don't include costs correctly in the price calculation.

This research aims to analyze the determination of the cost of production at the Akar coffe Shop to determine the optimal product selling price. In facing intense competition in the coffe industry, determining the right selling price is very important for business continuity. The research method used is mix method approach with production cost analysis, which includes raw material, labor and overhead costs. The findings of the study indicate There is a difference in the calculations according to the simple approach and full costing which affects the selling price.This research emphasizes the importance of accuracy in pricing to maintain a balance between costs and profitability.

This research was conducted to determine the appropriate CV Restu Mande business strategy design using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and the Business Model Canvas (BMC) in achieving export targets. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection carried out in this research was interviews with the leadership of CV Restu Mande, observation both directly and indirectly, and documentation. The SWOT analysis carried out in this research produces a SWOT matrix as a recommendation for CV Restu Mande's business strategy. The results of the SWOT analysis, SWOT matrix, and proposed new Business Model Canvas at CV Restu Mande are that in the customer segments section, target consumers are added in the form of Indonesian communities abroad, in the channels section, websites, international e-commerce and overseas retail need to be added, in the customer relationship section, rewards need to be added for resellers, dropshippers and loyal customers, in the key resources section we need to add production facilities, in the key activities section we need to add more interesting and detailed marketing activities, in the key partnership section we need to add agent collaboration. or distributors, loyal customers, production partners, and international trade consultants or experts, and in the cost structure section it is necessary to focus on investment in production facilities.

Korean wave perm is the latest trend in curling hair. The price of the tools used is in the range of Rp1,000,000 to Rp5,000,000. The purpose of this research is to replace the digital perm tool with a hair dryer so that production costs can be reduced. The methods used in this research are observation, documentation, interviews, literature, questionnaires and experimental methods. Based on the assessment by 5 expert validators about the feasibility technique of using a hair dryer as a tool in curling that the technique effectiveness indicator scored 21 said to be feasible, time efficiency score 23 said to be very feasible, the cost got 21 said to be feasible, and the final result got 24 said to be very feasible. In addition, a public test was conducted to see the results of the public's level of liking for the technique of using a hair dryer as a curling tool by distributing questionnaires to 60 respondents, the results of which were 100% agreed that hair dryers could replace digital perm tools as well as save pioneering salon expenses, in the final results of the technique 55% of respondents liked it, 26.7% of respondents quite liked it and 18.3% of respondents really liked it so that 98.3% of respondents agreed that hair dryers could replace digital perm. It can be concluded that the hair dryer is feasible to use as a substitute for digital perm tools in curling korean wave perm.

People's mining activities in Gamey Village, Uwapa District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province are carried out to meet daily needs and improve the welfare of the local community. This mining activity is based on alluvial deposit conditions and is applied for mining sediments on the surface and using alcon machines. for high pressure water spray. This community mining activity is divided into several stages starting from preparation of mining land, processing and production processes as well as selling gold products for sale. This research aims to examine the gold processing used by small-scale miners in Uwapa District, Gamey Village, and its impact on the environment and public health. The main focus of this research is on the use of the sluice box method, which is the gold processing technique most commonly used by local communities. This method was chosen for its simplicity and low cost, although the gold recovery efficiency varies between 50-70%. Additionally, this research evaluates alternative technologies such as shake tables and centrifuges that can increase gold recovery efficiency and be more environmentally friendly. The research results show that the implementation of alternative technology requires training, procurement of adequate equipment and infrastructure as well as ongoing monitoring. By adopting better technology, it is hoped that gold mining activities in Gamey Village can run more productively and sustainably, improving community welfare without damaging the environment.

Research on Feasibility Analysis of the Etawa Peranakan Goat Milk Production Business (PE) at Tharraya Farm in Geli Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency aims to analyze the income of the goat milk (PE) production business at Tharraya Farm and analyze the feasibility of the goat milk production business (PE) in Tharraya Farm. The research area was determined purposively, namely based on certain criteria or objectives, taking into account that the Etawa goat milk industry in the area could provide the information needed in the research. Data analysis techniques used were I=TR-TC. The results of this research obtained an income of IDR 72,240,000 / year. Receipts amounting to Rp. 176,526,000 a year and total costs of 104,286,000. The livestock business is profitable and feasible to develop with an R/C of 1.69, п>0, while the percentage ratio of п/C x 100% is 60%. The Etawa Peranakan goat milk business at Therraya Farm is profitable and worthy of development

Tempe is an inherent food source for Indonesians, with a large number of tempe consumers in the local community. This community service program aims to improve students' understanding and skills in processing cempedak seeds into tempe, including drying methods that allow long-term storage. This activity was carried out from July to November 2024.  This activity was carried out in several stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the completion stage.  The program on the utilization of cempedak seeds in tempeh production shows promising potential as a food innovation based on local resources. The success rate of this program is not only measured from the production aspect, but also from the transfer of knowledge to students who act as agents of change in alternative food development. Some of the advantages of this activity program are that it provides an alternative utilization of cempedak seed waste into products with nutritional value. In addition, the production cost is relatively affordable compared to the use of soybean. The disadvantage of this program is that the availability of raw materials depends on the cempedak harvest season.

This research aims to evaluate strategies for increasing beef cattle productivity through optimizing concentrate feed based on local ingredients in Perbaungan, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Surveys and interviews were conducted to collect data regarding feeding patterns, costs and production efficiency. The research results show that concentrate feed, although more expensive than forage, provides higher efficiency in supporting daily weight gain in beef cattle. Local ingredients such as rice bran, palm oil cake and tofu dregs have great potential for use in concentrate formulations, thereby reducing costs and increasing the sustainability of livestock businesses. Optimal strategies include providing concentrate as needed, combining with forage, and managing feed stock. This optimization has been proven to be able to increase beef cattle. productivity and support national meat self-sufficiency efforts

Effective agricultural waste management has a huge potential to increase community productivity and income. Agricultural waste, often considered a problem, can be processed into valuable resources such as organic fertilizer, biogas, and animal feed. By utilizing organic fertilizer from agricultural waste, soil fertility can be enhanced and dependence on chemical fertilizers can be reduced, thus contributing to increased crop yields. Biogas produced from the fermentation process of waste can be used as an alternative energy source, which in turn can reduce operational costs and increase income. Moreover, animal feed derived from agricultural waste can improve the quality and quantity of livestock production, which also contributes to changes in the income of livestock farmers. Additionally, good agricultural waste management can reduce environmental pollution and improve public health. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness and knowledge among the community about sustainable agricultural waste management practices. This needs to be complemented by adequate infrastructure and training so that waste can be processed into resources that benefit everyone.    

Operations management is a series of activities related to planning, organizing, controlling and supervising all resources used in the process of producing goods or services. The main function of operations management is to create quality products or services, at efficient costs, at the right time, and in accordance with market demand. This research is quantitative research that works with numbers and the data is in the form of numbers which are then analyzed using statistics to test hypotheses or to answer specific research questions and to make predictions. This research approach is explanatory research where data collection is carried out simultaneously in one stage (one shot study} or in a cross-section through a questionnaire. One of the main impacts of operations management what is good is increasing the efficiency of the production process by designing and managing efficient production processes, companies can optimize the use of available resources, reduce waste, and increase output without increasing significant costs. Effective operations management has a significant impact on various aspects of company performance, including operational efficiency, cost control, product quality and service, and customer satisfaction. By implementing good operations management principles, companies can increase their competitiveness, reduce waste, and improve the customer experience.