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This paper discusses the existence and position of customary law in Aceh, which has long grown and developed within the Acehnese community, as well as its recognition within the national legal system. The 1945 Constitution recognizes the existence of customary law communities and their traditional rights, as stated in Article 18B (2), which indicates the special and unique position of customary law within Indonesia's legal system. In Aceh, the position of customary law is clearly visible, especially since the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2006 on the Governance of Aceh, which further strengthens the position of Acehnese customary law in the national legal system. The recognition of customary law in the Indonesian constitution is expected to have a positive impact on the sustainability of customary law’s existence in Aceh and across Indonesia. Customary law in Aceh, with its various implementations, has become an inseparable part of the country's legal structure and the culture of the Acehnese people. Therefore, it is hoped that the recognition and protection of customary law will continue to evolve, creating a balance between customary legal norms and national law.

The Indonesian government has been actively combating illegal fishing practices at sea because they harm the country and reduce fish populations. However, attention to freshwater fisheries, especially endemic fish, is still limited. In fact, endemic fish play an important role in aquatic ecosystems and local culture. Fish resource conservation aims to protect, preserve, and utilize fish and their ecosystems and genetic diversity so that their existence and availability remain sustainable. The diversity of freshwater fish in Indonesia faces serious threats from human activities. The main factor is the introduction of new species that grow uncontrollably, becoming pests and harming ecosystems and communities. In addition, overfishing and declining habitat quality further exacerbate the situation. These threats pose a risk of extinction for endemic fish. Therefore, conservation efforts need to be strengthened to maintain ecosystem balance and support the livelihoods of communities that depend on fish farming. Legal protection is an important aspect in addressing this issue. Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries and Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Living Natural Resources and Ecosystems have provided a legal basis for fish resource management. However, their implementation and enforcement remain weak. This study uses a normative juridical approach with secondary legal materials, emphasizing the importance of improving the legal framework and more effective governance. Measurable, transparent, and sustainable conservation measures are needed to ensure the optimal utilization of fish resources. Thus, the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems and the welfare of communities that depend on endemic fish can be guaranteed.

Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes (Tipikor Law) requires the existence of state financial losses as an important element in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3. Following Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016, proof of state losses must be actual losses, rather than potential losses. However, in practice, there is a discrepancy between legal norms and the reality of law enforcement, especially in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) engaged in banking. There is disharmony between the Anti-Corruption Law, the State Finance Law, and the SOE Law, particularly regarding the financial status of SOEs as separate state assets. This study uses a normative legal method with a statute approach. The results show that proving state financial losses in banking SOEs related to corruption requires an examination by an authorised institution to declare state financial losses. Based on Article 10 paragraph (1) of Law No. 15 of 2006 concerning the Audit Board, it is explained that the Audit Board has the authority to determine the existence or absence of state losses. The audit process carried out by the Audit Board on state-owned banking enterprises suspected of causing state financial losses must be an investigative audit process, not a state loss calculation audit that is usually carried out on government institutions.

The proposed Asset Seizure Bill has become urgent because the existing criminal justice system, as stipulated in the Corruption Eradication Law and the Money Laundering Law, has not been effective in recovering assets derived from crime, especially if the defendant dies, flees, or the criminal proceedings are halted. This study aims to analyze in detail the extent to which the Asset Seizure Bill can be integrated into the existing criminal and civil procedural law framework in Indonesia, as well as how a transparent and accountable mechanism for managing seized assets can be established for the recovery of assets in the public interest. The method used is normative legal research with a legal, conceptual, case, and comparative approach. The findings show that this bill adopts the mechanism of Asset Forfeiture Without Criminalization with an in-rem approach (targeting assets, not perpetrators) through civil court proceedings, as well as implementing the concept of unexplained wealth to expand the scope of forfeiture and close legal loopholes. The implication is that this bill is a strategic instrument in eradicating corruption and recovering state losses amounting to trillions of rupiah, but its success is highly dependent on careful formulation, ensuring due process of law, and the existence of political will and readiness of law enforcement officials.

Job opportunities are available for prospective workers who are looking for work. The existence of job opportunities in an area will greatly open up opportunities for labor absorption, such as opening job opportunities for local inter-worker (AKL) workers, which is the placement of workers between regencies/cities working within one province. The research method used in this study is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation at the Pematang Siantar City Manpower Office. All data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively with all data collected using the theory of Fred R. David (2019), namely Strategy Implementation with 3 variables, namely Strategy Development, Human Resource Allocation, and Determining Budget Funds. Based on the research that has been conducted, it can be seen that the Pematang Siantar City Manpower Office has attempted to provide the best solution by designing several programs to provide more job opportunities. Viewed from the development strategy perspective, the Manpower Office has realized several work programs such as job fair events held, competency-based training programs that are already running, and focusing on information about the labor market. The analysis revealed several shortcomings, including the government's inconsistency in implementing the program. Furthermore, the government's human resource allocation has been unable to improve the quality of human resources, particularly in Pematang Siantar City. Furthermore, the government's budget allocation has been ineffective in determining appropriate funding, resulting in limited funding and ineffective program implementation.

Islamic insurance (takaful) is a financial instrument that functions not only as risk protection but also as an investment tool based on sharia principles. So far, the most commonly applied tijarah contracts in Islamic insurance are limited to wakalah bil ujrah and mudharabah. In fact, the development of modern society’s needs requires the diversification of contracts so that the offered products become more varied and competitive. This study aims to analyze the potential optimization of other tijarah contracts, such as musyarakah, murabahah, ijarah, and istishna’, in the development of Islamic insurance products. The research method used is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, which involves reviewing literature, journals, DSN-MUI fatwas, and related regulations. The findings indicate that the application of other tijarah contracts has the potential to enrich Islamic insurance product variations, enhance transparency in fund management, and strengthen the competitiveness of Islamic insurance compared to conventional insurance. Furthermore, the diversification of contracts can provide solutions to the limited and monotonous business models of Islamic insurance. However, several challenges arise, including the absence of specific regulations governing these contracts, limited public understanding, and technical complexities in implementation. This study recommends the active role of regulators, especially DSN-MUI and OJK, in formulating clearer regulations and encouraging Islamic insurance companies to innovate by applying diverse sharia-based contracts. Thus, the optimization of other tijarah contracts will not only strengthen the existence of Islamic insurance in Indonesia but also fulfill society’s demand for financial products that are halal, innovative, and competitive.

The use of the veil at the Ushuluddin Faculty is analyzed as a religious practice that involves factors such as religious teachings, environment, and personal motivation. The factor of religious teachings is the main driver, with female students viewing the veil as a religious commandment that must be obeyed as a form of devotion to Allah. The Koran instructs Muslim women to wear the hijab by wearing a headscarf that can cover their head and chest, but there are different opinions regarding this. the verse. The proposed research method involves interviews and literature searches with a qualitative approach. The aim of this research is to analyze the opinions of ulama regarding Surah Al-Ahzab verse 59 and analyze the community's views regarding the veil and hijab at the Ushuluddin Faculty. As for students' views regarding the veil and hijab , some of them can accept the existence of women who wear the veil, and there are several groups of people who cannot accept women who wear the veil, because those who wear the veil close themselves off from society and are reluctant to interact with the social environment.

. Sharia financial institutions in Indonesia have experienced significant growth in line with increasing public demand for financial systems that comply with sharia principles. This growth requires clear regulations and policies to create stability, legal certainty, and protection for customers. This article examines the dynamics of regulations governing Islamic financial institutions, from the initial role of Bank Indonesia (BI) to the establishment of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as the main supervisory and regulatory agency. In addition, this article also discusses the contribution of the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) in issuing fatwas that form the basis for the operation of Islamic products and services. With the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) and other related regulations, the supervision of Islamic financial institutions has become more integrated, effective, and adaptive to industry developments. This study confirms that the existence of comprehensive regulations and policies not only strengthens the governance of Islamic financial institutions but also encourages the growth and competitiveness of the Islamic financial industry at both the national and global levels.

The development of digital technology has shifted media consumption patterns, including radio media, which now faces a big challenge to remain relevant in the era of media convergence. OZ Radio Jakarta is one of the private radio stations that continues to survive with adaptive communication strategies. This research aims to find out the communication strategy of OZ Radio Jakarta in maintaining its broadcast existence in the digital media era. The research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews with three key informants, namely the producer, social media team, and marketing team of OZ Radio Jakarta, as well as documentation and observation. Data analysis used Communication Strategy theory (Effendy, 2000), Niche Theory (Dimmick, 2003). The results showed that OZ Radio Jakarta carries out a coordinated internal and external communication strategy, utilizes social media as an audience participatory space, and maintains the emotional value of conventional broadcasts. The strategy has succeeded in maintaining OZ Radio Jakarta's existence as an adaptive, creative, and capable audio media in a competitive digital media landscape. Keywords: Communication Strategy, Digital Media, Existence, Radio.

This study aims to explore how Indonesia's auspicious legal framework supports the establishment and functionality of cooperatives and identify challenges to its implementation. Used in this study is a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR), whose collection and review of literature were conducted through various academic sources with complementary legislation. The results of the research indicate that in spite of the existence of formal arrangements and rules for institutional factors and cooperative health assessments, field practice is weak due to lack of understanding, socialization, and effective supervision. Social and geographical diversity and legal limitations are also major concerns in the realization of adaptive and sustainable cooperatives. Therefore, the regulatory approach has to be reformed and the institutional strength of cooperatives increased to guarantee more effective functioning as well as in accordance with cooperative principles.

This study aims to find out the process of Family Card (KK) administration services and identify the obstacles faced in its implementation at the Ngaglik Village Office, Serengat District, Blitar Regency. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of village staff and communities who had managed KK, who were selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis is carried out through three main stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the administrative services of the family at the Ngaglik Village Office have been running quite optimally. This is shown by the existence of clear service procedures, good officer responsiveness, and the implementation of a digital system in the administrative process. However, there are still several obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of services, including the lack of initial information received by the applicant, the slow response of communication through digital media, and the limitation of supporting facilities such as technology devices and adequate service spaces. These findings show the need to increase service capacity through strengthening information systems, officer training, and providing more representative support facilities. This research is expected to be an input for the village government in developing administrative services that are more efficient, transparent, and responsive to the needs of the community.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

Gender mainstreaming (PUG) is a development strategy that integrates gender equality as a key principle in planning and budgeting. The city of Semarang has adopted this approach in various policy documents; however, its implementation still faces significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of the seven prerequisites for PUG according to the guidelines from the Ministry of PPPA, including commitment, policies, institutional frameworks, resources, sex-disaggregated data, gender analysis tools (GAP and GBS), and community participation. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews, document studies, and questionnaires. Key informants include local government organizations (OPDs) and civil society representatives. Data analysis is carried out using Miles & Huberman's interactive model with thematic analysis. The findings show that normative prerequisites such as policies and institutional frameworks are in place, but implementation remains weak, particularly in the use of sex-disaggregated data and the application of GAP-GBS. Supporting factors for success include leadership commitment from specific OPDs and the existence of cross-sector coordination forums, while the main obstacles are limited human resource capacity and insufficient gender-responsive budget allocation. This study reinforces the relevance of policy implementation theory in bridging the gap between normative frameworks and operational practices. Recommendations include ongoing training, mainstreaming sex-disaggregated data, and technical regulations that all OPDs must follow to enhance the effectiveness of PUG.

Coal is an important energy source that is still widely used in industry, especially the power generation industry, because of its high energy content. However, in the process of handling and storage, coal has the characteristic of being easily oxidized, This oxidation process, if it occurs continuously, can cause internal heat accumulation which eventually triggers spontaneous combustion. This study aims to analyze changes in coal quality before and after spontaneous combustionto find out how spontaneous combustionaffects coal quality in stockpiles. The research method used is a quantitative method where the data from laboratory tests on coal quality before and after spontaneous combustionis analyzed, the comparison of coal quality in stockpile 10 before and after spontaneous combustionis then graphed to see changes in the quality of each parameter. Based on the results of the analysis of changes in coal quality before and after spontaneous combustion, there were significant changes to several coal quality parameters, namely Total Moisture which was originally from 7.06% to 5.50% (down by 1.56%), Moisture which was originally 3.91% to 3.22% (down by 0.69%), Ash Content which was originally 8.84% to 14.67% (up by 5.83%), Volatile Matter which was originally 39.77% to 35.10% (down by 4.67%),  Fixed Carbon from 47.48% to 47.01% (down by 0.47%), Sulphur from 0.55% to 0.46% (down by 0.9%), and Calorific value decreased from 6,921 to 6,289 kcal/kg (down by 632 kcal/kg). This decrease in quality has a direct effect on the selling value and efficiency of coal combustion. The existence of an analysis of changes in coal quality due to spontaneous combustioncan help companies to find out how much of an impact losses can be caused by the occurrence of spontaneous combustion. By considering the potential losses due to spontaneous combustion, the company will make efforts to prevent the occurrence of spontaneous combustion in the future to minimize the losses caused.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the establishment of the Menara Pandang tourist attraction and the increase in the number of tourist visits to the Salib Kasih tourist destination. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation with several informants, namely the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Salib Kasih and Menara Pandang, the Tourism Office of North Tapanuli, tourism workers, local business actors, and visiting tourists. The results of the study show that the establishment of Menara Pandang has a significant relationship with the increase in tourist visits to Salib Kasih. This relationship can be seen from the growth in the number of tourists coming after the development of the new facility, namely Menara Pandang. Supporting factors of this relationship include the proximity of the two tourist sites, the development of integrated tour packages, active promotion through social media, and support from the local government in providing facilities and infrastructure. With this integration, tourists who previously only visited Salib Kasih are now encouraged to also enjoy the attraction of Menara Pandang, thus extending their length of stay and giving a positive impact on the local economy. Furthermore, this study also found that the existence of Menara Pandang strengthens the image of Salib Kasih as a religious tourism destination as well as natural tourism with its unique features and attractions. Therefore, the development of additional strategic tourist attractions can be an effective step in increasing both attractiveness and the number of tourist visits, especially in religious and nature-based destinations. This research emphasizes the importance of collaboration among stakeholders in sustainable tourism development.

This study aims to describe the management of the Keceme Drinking Water Supply System SPAM as an effort to overcome drought in Waru Hamlet, Girisekar Village, Panggang District, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The drought problem in the area has been going on for a long time, thus demanding a sustainable solution to meet the community's clean water needs. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews with SPAM managers and the community, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out with reference to George R. Terry's management theory which includes four management functions, namely planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. The results show that the existence of the Keceme SPAM greatly helps the community in obtaining access to clean water, although various obstacles still exist. The main obstacles include planning that is mostly not documented in writing, limited number and capacity of human resources in management, technical problems in the form of lime deposits that disrupt water flow, and high operational and maintenance costs of the network. However, the existence of social capital in the form of a spirit of mutual cooperation among the community, as well as policy support and facilities from the village government, are important factors driving the sustainability of SPAM management. This research is expected to provide practical contributions as a reference for other regions facing similar challenges, particularly in optimizing the use of local water sources as a sustainable drought mitigation strategy.

This study uses the rhinoceros beetle as the main subject in creating realism painting art because of its unique shape and strong symbolism of courage and resilience. In addition to having aesthetic value, the rhinoceros beetle also plays an important role in the ecosystem as a decomposer of dead wood and contributes to maintaining environmental balance. On the other hand, the existence of the rhinoceros beetle has cultural value in Indonesian society, especially in myths and traditional symbols. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, with the process of creating works involving visual studies and symbolic interpretations. A total of three paintings were created by highlighting the morphological details of the rhinoceros beetle realistically and inserting symbolic meanings in its visual composition. The results of the study indicate that the rhinoceros beetle can be a source of inspiration in fine art and function as an educational medium to increase public awareness of the importance of preserving local fauna, especially insect species that are often overlooked.

The purpose of this research is to determine the existence of the Almighty God in the Regulations for Establishing Houses of Worship. In this research the author uses normative legal techniques which are library research, which is carried out by examining all laws and regulations related to the problem that is the object of this research. This research is intended to find out the regulations for establishing places of worship in the Joint Regulations of the Minister of Religion and the Minister of Home Affairs Number 9 and 8 of 2006 based on the principles of the one and only God. The results of this research indicate that there is inequality in establishing places of worship for minority groups due to the requirements in these regulations being dominated by the majority group.  

The musical work “Syurga di Telapak Kaki Ibu” is a rearrangement of the Malay song composed by S. Effendi in 1990 and popularized by Aishah. This work highlights moral and religious values about honoring mothers. The purpose of this study is to describe the creative process of rearranging “Syurga di Telapak Kaki Ibu” using the rentak langgam format characteristic of Malay music. A descriptive–qualitative approach with a work-study method was employed. Data were collected through observation, literature review, and the composer’s five-month practice. The results show a new arrangement featuring a mournful melody, flowing harmonies, and the application of ornamentation techniques such as cengkok and grenek on melodic instruments (gambus oud, sape, bamboo flute, violin, accordion). The arrangement is structured in intro, verse, interlude, verse, interlude, and coda to create more varied emotional nuances while preserving the original essence of the song. This work is expected to strengthen the existence of classic Malay songs in the era of modern music and serve as a reference for students and traditional music practitioners in creating innovative works based on cultural heritage.