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This study discusses the relevance and role of hybrid learning strategies as a conceptual solution to the crisis of effectiveness in traditional fiqh learning in Islamic boarding schools in the digital age. The background of this study stems from the problem of declining efficiency and interactivity of classical learning methods such as sorogan and bandongan amid technological developments that demand pedagogical innovation. This study aims to analyze theoretically how the integration of traditional pesantren values and modern learning approaches can be applied without eliminating spiritual identity and scientific sanad. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of the latest scientific literature on Islamic education and hybrid learning. The results show that a hybrid learning model based on synchronous and asynchronous approaches can increase flexibility, effectiveness, and student participation in the learning process, while maintaining personal relationships with teachers. The theoretical implications enrich the concept of integrating Islamic education and technology, while the practical implications offer an adaptive curriculum model for Islamic boarding schools to respond to the challenges of the digital age without abandoning Islamic values.

Employment agreements are essential legal instruments that regulate the rights and obligations of workers and employers in industrial relations, aiming to ensure legal certainty and balance. In practice, however, the implementation of employment contracts often faces challenges such as differing interpretations, unequal bargaining positions, and inconsistent application of labor regulations. These issues require an effective and constructive dispute resolution mechanism that can address contractual problems while preserving employment relationships. In the Indonesian labor law system, mediation is recognized as a key non-litigation mechanism facilitated by government-appointed mediators to help parties reach mutually acceptable solutions. This study examines the mediation mechanism for resolving employment agreement disputes in Indonesia and analyzes its role as an alternative to court proceedings that emphasizes deliberation, efficiency, and cooperation. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes relevant labor laws, mediation regulations, and legal doctrines through a comprehensive literature review. The findings show that mediation is conducted through structured stages, including dispute registration with labor authorities, mediator appointment, facilitated negotiations, and the formulation of agreements or written recommendations. Mediation effectively promotes consensual solutions, reduces procedural complexity, and encourages cooperative communication. It also supports the preservation of harmonious and sustainable employment relationships by prioritizing consensus over adversarial processes. Strengthening mediator competence and improving legal awareness among workers and employers are therefore crucial to optimizing the effectiveness of mediation in resolving employment agreement disputes in Indonesia.

This research investigates the execution of data-informed and inclusive regional development planning within the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Sidoarjo Regency, concentrating on four analytical aspects: data integration and management abilities, the efficiency of participatory processes, technical and institutional obstacles concerning interoperability, and capacity-building strategies for facilitators tasked with translating public aspirations into planning priorities. The study is positioned within the national framework to establish evidence-based and participatory planning in reaction to the growing complexity regional development. Despite Bappeda Sidoarjo implementing multiple data platforms and participatory channels such Musrenbang forums, online submission systems, and sector-specific information systems the results indicate that issues like data fragmentation, insufficient digital literacy, and ineffective follow-up mechanisms continue to impede planning effectiveness. Employing qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews, observation, and document review, the research reveals that data integration has not reached single source of truth because of the lack of a cohesive data architecture and compatible standards among government entities. Participatory methods have increased inclusivity, but the quality of proposals and verification processes is still variable, hindering the incorporation of grassroots feedback into planning priorities. Moreover, the ability of facilitators the subdistrict and village levels is crucial in determining the quality of the compiled proposals. The research ends by highlighting the importance of improved data governance, increased actor capability, revised participatory processes, and clear follow-up mechanisms. Suggestions encompass constructing a unified data framework, offering ongoing technical training, standardizing digital Musrenbang processes, and establishing publicly available proposal-tracking system integrated within the yearly planning cycle.

This study aims to evaluate the public transportation service policy of Trans Jatim Bus Corridor 2, operating on the Mojokerto–Surabaya route, using the six evaluation indicators proposed by William N. Dunn: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, direct observations, and secondary data analysis. The findings reveal that the Trans Jatim Corridor 2 service has significantly contributed to improving accessibility and mobility for the people of East Java. In terms of effectiveness, the service meets transportation policy objectives by offering strategic routes, consistent schedules, and accessible bus stops. Efficiency is demonstrated through optimal utilization of limited fleets and operational costs, while still meeting high passenger demand. Regarding adequacy, the service is generally sufficient; however, overcrowding during peak hours indicates the need for capacity improvements. Equity is reflected in the widespread distribution of bus stops, although disparities remain in the availability of facilities and route information across several stops. The service shows high responsiveness through quick handling of passenger complaints via applications and social media. Additionally, service appropriateness is evident in its punctual operations supported by GPS-based monitoring and real-time information through the TRANSJATIM-AJAIB application. Overall, the evaluation shows that Trans Jatim Corridor 2 provides effective, efficient, and responsive public transport services, yet requires improvements in capacity and equitable distribution of facilities to achieve optimal service quality.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of using BNI Bank’s QRIS in improving transaction convenience and efficiency at the canteen of Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (UNTAG) Surabaya. The research was conducted by a team led by Ida Ayu Nuh Kartini, S.E., M.M., together with students of the Management Study Program, during November–December 2025. The rapid development of digital banking has encouraged the adoption of QRIS as a standardized non-cash payment system regulated by Bank Indonesia. This study aims to examine the level of QRIS BNI utilization, assess ease of use (application access and QR code scanning), and evaluate transaction efficiency, including time savings, queue reduction, and error minimization. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using a survey method with a five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 36 respondents consisting of students, lecturers, and administrative staff who had used QRIS at the canteen. Primary data were analyzed descriptively using averages and percentages, supported by relevant literature. The results show that QRIS is perceived as highly effective, with scores above 90% for ease of use (95%), transaction speed (92.78%), reduction of change-related issues (97.78%), support for digitalization (97.22%), and security (91.11%). The main limitation identified is dependence on internet connectivity (85%). Overall, respondents strongly support the full implementation of non-cash payment systems at the campus canteen.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the strategic role of freight forwarding and delivery service companies in maintaining the efficiency of supply chains. However, the increasing complexity of delivery processes also raises various operational risks, such as package damage, loss, delivery delays, and distribution errors. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in freight forwarding companies operating in Brebes Regency and to assess the effectiveness of the risk management practices applied. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, involving company management, operational staff, couriers, and customer service personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and supported by average risk score analysis. The results show that most aspects of risk management fall into the high and very good categories, with an overall average score of 3.89. This indicates that the company has implemented risk management effectively, particularly in incident evaluation, risk measurement, and cooperation with insurance providers. Nevertheless, improvements are still needed in reducing the frequency of operational risks and enhancing the use of digital technology for risk monitoring to ensure a more comprehensive and sustainable risk management system.

This study aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of Islamic monetary policy in Indonesia in facing digital transformation, particularly through the instruments of Sertifikat Bank Indonesia Syariah (SBIS) and Sukuk Bank Indonesia (SukBI). The digital transformation of the national financial system demands an adaptive monetary policy that remains grounded in the principles of maqashid shariah. In the context of Islamic economics, monetary policy not only functions to regulate the money supply and maintain price stability but also ensures the realization of justice and economic welfare. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using literature-based data collection from official publications of Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and relevant academic references on Islamic monetary policy. The analysis adopts an inductive approach by examining the roles of SBIS and Sukuk BI in supporting the stability of the Islamic financial system and their alignment with maqashid shariah values such as al-‘adl (justice), al-wudhuh (transparency), and ar-rawaj (circulation of wealth). The findings indicate that digitalization has positively impacted the efficiency and transparency of Islamic monetary instruments, where SBIS plays a role in regulating the liquidity of Islamic banks in a non-usurious manner, while Sukuk BI serves as an essential instrument in maintaining national economic stability. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the limited digital infrastructure for Islamic finance and the need to strengthen regulations to ensure that digital monetary systems remain consistent with sharia principles.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various doses of 6.25% Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and 0.1% polymer flocculant in reducing Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and assessing pH changes in coal stockpile wastewater at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton Unit 9. Stockpile wastewater typically contains high levels of suspended solids originating from water spray activities that carry fine coal particles. The coagulation–flocculation process was performed using the jar test method with PAC dosages of 35 ppm, 50 ppm, and 65 ppm, along with flocculant dosages of 6 ppm and 7 ppm. pH and TSS were analyzed before and after treatment to assess process effectiveness. The results indicate that a PAC dosage of 35 ppm combined with a 6 ppm flocculant achieved the highest TSS removal efficiency of 98.15%. Increasing PAC dosage resulted in reduced performance due to overdosing effects, leading to charge destabilization and impaired floc formation. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing coagulant dosage to improve stockpile wastewater quality for safe reuse in operational activities.

This community service program aims to optimize construction project planning through assistance in preparing a business feasibility study at PT Sahabat Anugrah Sejati. The construction sector is a strategic industry that requires effective resource management, proper risk mitigation, and accurate planning to ensure project success. Therefore, the program supported the partner in analyzing financial, managerial, market, and economic aspects prior to making investment decisions for the proposed project. The results show that the project is feasible based on the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analyses. An efficient organizational structure, a competent management team, and strong supervision mechanisms further strengthen the project’s operational readiness. Increasing demand for construction services also enhances the company’s market prospects. However, several areas still require improvement, including heavy equipment utilization, material efficiency, and digital marketing strategies. This program provides strategic recommendations to help PT Sahabat Anugrah Sejati improve project feasibility, operational effectiveness, and long-term business sustainability.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings, particularly in formative assessments, offers significant benefits in terms of personalized learning, real time feedback, and increased efficiency. However, the successful implementation of AI driven formative assessments depends not only on technological capabilities but also on socio cultural and organizational factors that shape its adoption. This study explores the socio technical factors influencing the use of AI in formative assessments, emphasizing the importance of considering cultural diversity, institutional culture, and educators' beliefs. AI technologies, while powerful in automating grading and providing personalized assessments, often face limitations in addressing complex student responses that require human judgment. Furthermore, cultural factors, such as students' prior exposure to technology and different cultural attitudes towards AI, play a critical role in the acceptance and effectiveness of these tools. Organizational factors, including leadership support, digital literacy, and the readiness of institutions to adopt AI, are also key determinants in the successful implementation of AI systems in education. Teachers’ beliefs about assessment influence their acceptance and use of AI tools, highlighting the need for professional development and training to ensure that AI enhances pedagogical goals rather than replacing human expertise. The study concludes that the alignment of technology, culture, and assessment beliefs is essential for the effective use of AI driven formative assessments in educational settings. Recommendations for educational institutions include adopting a socio technical approach to AI integration, with a focus on providing resources, training, and fostering a culture of innovation. Future research directions should focus on expanding studies to diverse educational contexts, conducting longitudinal research on AI’s impact on learning outcomes, and exploring additional socio technical frameworks to guide AI adoption in education.

The JKN Mobile application is an electronic-based service innovation introduced by BPJS Health to facilitate JKN participants in accessing healthcare services and managing their membership information. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of outpatient patients regarding the effectiveness of the JKN Mobile online registration system at Baubau City Regional General Hospital. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, with informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected to capture the meanings of patients’ experiences in using the application. The findings show that most patients are satisfied with the practicality, speed, and flexibility of the online registration system. However, technical problems, particularly unstable internet connectivity, remain a major challenge. Furthermore, the online registration system has contributed to improved service efficiency and patient satisfaction. These findings indicate the importance of continuous evaluation and improvement of the JKN Mobile online registration system to enhance service quality and health information system development at Baubau City Regional General Hospital.

This article examines the typology and classification of regional government apparatus in Indonesia by analyzing their structure and functions within local governance. The study draws on recent theoretical literature (2020–2025) and legal frameworks to map how different types of regional apparatus such as executive agencies (“dinas”), supporting agencies (“badan daerah”), secretariat, inspectorate, and territorial units are organized and classified. Using a normative-juridical and conceptual approach, the paper reviews relevant laws, regulations, and academic studies to identify patterns of structural typology and functional differentiation within local governments. The findings reveal that many local governments still apply structural-heavy models rather than functionally tailored organizations, leading to excessive bureaucracy and inefficiency. The analysis suggests that a clearer classification aligned with functional roles can improve governance effectiveness and administrative efficiency. The article concludes by recommending that local governments re-evaluate their organizational structures to better reflect the functional needs of governance, rather than merely replicate structural models.                                                               

Digital-based learning evaluation is an important effort to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the assessment process. However, learning evaluation practices at MTsN 2 Kota Tangerang are still dominated by conventional methods and the limited use of simple digital applications. This community service activity aims to strengthen digital-based learning evaluation practices through training on the use of the Zep Quiz application for teachers. The activity employed a participatory and applicative approach, including observation, focus group discussions, training and mentoring, and program evaluation. The training was conducted in a hybrid format and focused on introducing, developing, and analyzing learning evaluations using Zep Quiz. The results indicate that teachers improved their understanding and skills in designing and operating digital-based learning evaluations independently.Teachers also demonstrated high enthusiasm and active participation throughout the activity. Although technical challenges such as varying levels of digital literacy and limited internet access were encountered, these issues were addressed through direct mentoring. Therefore, the Zep Quiz training was effective in strengthening digital-based learning evaluation practices at MTsN 2 Kota Tangerang.

This study evaluates the Cageur Jasa Health Service Program at the Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center in Tangerang City, which was developed as an innovation to expand access to basic healthcare services through home visits. The program aims to improve service quality, strengthen family independence in maintaining health, and support the achievement of the 12 indicators of the Indonesia Healthy Program with a Family Approach (PIS-PK). The evaluation applies William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness supported by theoretical frameworks from public administration, public policy, and health service innovation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews with informants, and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that the program’s implementation has not fully achieved its intended objectives, as evidenced by declining service coverage, several PIS-PK indicators remaining below 50%, increasing disease findings, and the persistence of maternal and infant mortality cases. Limitations in resources, coordination, infrastructure, and suboptimal promotive and preventive efforts further hinder the program’s effectiveness. Overall, the study concludes that although Cageur Jasa contributes to improving healthcare access, its implementation at the Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center remains suboptimal and requires continuous improvement.

Public service reform in Indonesia increasingly emphasizes inter-agency collaboration as a mechanism to enhance administrative efficiency, service integration, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs; however, in many regions, including West Kotawaringin Regency, collaborative practices remain fragmented due to uneven human resource (HR) capacities, inconsistencies in standard operating procedures (SOPs), and limited technological integration across institutions. This study aims to examine the current state of HR collaboration, identify key barriers and enabling factors, and propose an integrated and adaptive HR collaboration model to strengthen public service delivery. Using a qualitative multi-case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with leaders and operational staff from multiple regional government agencies and analyzed using NVivo 15 to generate thematic coding and visual tools such as word clouds, hierarchy charts, and project maps. The findings indicate that current collaboration is largely transactional and administrative, exemplified by the physical co-location of agencies at the Public Service Mall (MPP) without effective systemic interoperability. Three critical themes emerged: gaps in HR distribution, competencies, and role clarity; structural and behavioral constraints including sectoral ego, SOP discrepancies, and limited digital integration; and opportunities to enhance collaboration through shared digital dashboards, inter-agency forums, and cross-functional HR mobility. Based on these results, the study proposes a three-pillar Integrated and Adaptive HR Collaboration Model comprising comprehensive digital integration, flexible HR competency sharing, and inclusive service co-creation involving community stakeholders, offering both theoretical contributions to collaborative governance and practical guidance for regional governments seeking to improve public service effectiveness.

Toko Jahit SA’aminah is a business engaged in tailoring services and the sale of sewing supplies that still manages data manually using record books. This condition causes several problems, such as slow data recording, the risk of data loss or damage, difficulties in monitoring the status of tailoring work and inventory, as well as obstacles in preparing tailoring service and sales reports. This study aims to design and develop a web-based tailoring service and sales information system to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of operational performance. The system development method used is the waterfall method, which includes the stages of requirements analysis, system design using UML (Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, and Class Diagram), implementation using the Laravel framework with the PHP programming language and MySQL database, as well as system testing using the Black Box Testing method. The results show that the developed system is able to facilitate the management of tailoring service and sales data, monitor the status of tailoring work, check the availability of sewing supplies, and accelerate the preparation of tailoring service and sales reports to be submitted to the owner of Toko Jahit SA’aminah.

This study aims to examine the effect of employee competence, behavioral control, and trust on employee performance at the Bojonegoro District Health Office with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as an intervening variable. The background of this study is related to the importance of employee performance in achieving public service organizational goals, particularly in the health sector. This study uses an explanatory quantitative method with a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The research sample consisted of 100 employees at the Bojonegoro District Health Office. The results of the analysis show that the influence of employee competence on employee performance is not significant, but employee competence has a significant influence on OCB. Behavioral control has a significant effect on employee performance, but its effect on OCB is not significant. Trust has a significant effect on OCB, but its direct effect on employee performance does not. OCB is proven to have a significant effect on employee performance. Therefore, OCB plays an important role as a mediator in improving employee performance. This study provides a theoretical contribution by clarifying the relationship between variables in the context of public service-based government organizations. In practical terms, the results of this study are expected to form the basis for recommendations to improve the quality of human resources and develop managerial strategies at the Bojonegoro District Health Office in order to support the effectiveness and efficiency of public services.

As a high-value crop, potatoes necessitate balanced nutrient management for optimal growth and yield. This research aimed to assess how varying applications of NPK 20-20-10 fertilizer influenced potato growth, yield, tuber quality, agronomic efficiency, and economic viability within tropical climates. The experimental setup involved a randomized complete block design, incorporating four replications across seven distinct treatments: a control, a standard inorganic fertilization regimen, and NPK 20-20-10 applied at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 times the suggested dosage. The findings indicated that applying NPK 20-20-10 significantly enhanced several parameters, including plant height, branch count, tuber count, tuber weight, and overall yield components, when contrasted with the control group. Notably, the 1.25 times recommended dose demonstrated superior performance, leading to a 34.9% increase in tuber number and a 68.6% rise in tuber weight compared to the control. Agronomic effectiveness scores surpassed 100 for dosages ranging from 0.75 to 1.50, with the 1.25 dose registering the peak value. Economic evaluations confirmed the profitability of all NPK treatments, and the 1.25 dose yielded the most favorable R/C ratio and a net profit of IDR 29,053,400. Consequently, the recommended application for potato cultivation is 675 kg/ha of NPK 20-20-10, distributed in three equal parts at planting, four weeks post-planting, and six weeks post-planting. Thus, these results underscore that NPK 20-20-10, when applied at 1.25 times the recommended rate, presents an agronomically effective and economically sound strategy for sustainable potato farming in tropical settings.

This research is purposely conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness, efficiency, applicability  and appropriateness of modern firefighting systems installed on board ships. As a result, the review attempt to  ascertain the significance of firefighting systems on ships in terms of their safety, types, structure, principles as  well as installations. In this way, the review tries to justify the importance of these systems on board ships. The design of this survey revolves around three basic elements that incorporate the complete firefighting  procedure. These components include: modern technology of firefighting, different types of systems that are  used on board ships and people traits in terms of drilling, firefighting training to deal with any incident of fire.  In the previous decade, the globe has experienced massive destructions, harms and injuries resulting from fire incidents on ships. This has triggered and ignited enhanced fabrication and staging of new practices,  technologies and inventions aimed at efficiently deal with fire incidents so as to support the safekeeping and  reliability on these fire systems on board ships. Equally, through this technological enhancement, the  firefighting systems have been designed to facilitate rapid detection capable of differentiating between real  smokes or flames indicators in case of a fire event on board ship. In recent times, these technological  developments have been viewed as strategies that help ship owners to ensure better protection of the crew’s life,  ship’s inventories as well as minimising on the possible losses that occur as a result of fire events on board ship.  Therefore, with the review of the recent or latest methods and technologies for speedy fire detection on ships,  the review demonstrates enhancement attributes, features and qualities of these new systems. Additionally, the  paper critically evaluates the components of these firefighting systems, as well as looking at their competences,  capabilities, benefits and applicability on board ships.

Land navigation capability is a fundamental competence that must be possessed by Marine Corps cadets to support the success of military training and operations. Along with technological advancements, the utilization of modern navigation devices such as offline maps integrated with smartwatches has emerged as a strategic alternative to enhance the effectiveness of ground operation training. However, the implementation of this technology within military education institutions, particularly at the Indonesian Naval Academy, remains limited. This study aims to analyze the optimization of smartwatch-based offline maps to support ground operation training for Marine Corps cadets. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was employed through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects included instructors from the Marine Department and Marine Corps cadets of the 70th cohort. The findings indicate that smartwatch-based offline maps offer significant advantages in terms of practicality, durability in wet terrain, accessibility of navigation data, and movement efficiency compared to conventional GPS devices. Nevertheless, the utilization of this technology is constrained by the absence of structured curriculum integration, limited specialized training, and insufficient technological proficiency among instructors and cadets. Therefore, this study recommends incorporating smartwatch-based offline map training into the formal curriculum to enhance the readiness, professionalism, and independent navigation skills of Marine Corps cadets in modern military operations.