Publication Search

Paid online matchmaking services that have developed through Facebook use consumer profiles to promote and find partners. This practice raises legal issues, particularly those related to consumer protection and the risk of digital harassment—also known as cyberbullying—in the form of derogatory, discriminatory, or offensive comments about consumers' personal standards that are displayed publicly. The purpose of this study is to assess the legal liability of business actors for cyberbullying when operating online matchmaking services and to assess the extent to which legal protection tools are available to consumers. This study uses a normative legal approach, utilizing case studies of legislation and conceptual studies on the practice of paid matchmaking services on social media. The results of the study show that businesses are required to guarantee the safety, comfort, and protection of consumer rights in all digital-based commercial activities, including managing content and interacting with people on social media. Non-material losses, such as psychological pressure and abuse of consumer dignity, are caused by a lack of supervision and a lack of moderate comment mechanisms. Therefore, regulations on personal data protection must be strengthened, content moderation responsibilities must be determined, and legal accountability mechanisms for business actors in the digital ta'aruf business must be made clear.

This study aims to answer the following questions: First, what are the concepts of the rule of law and democracy, and how are they related? Second, what is the concept of human rights and how does it relate to the rule of law and democracy in Indonesia? The method used in this study is normative legal research, focusing on the study of legislation and scientific literature on the rule of law, democracy, and human rights. The approaches used include a legislative approach to examine the provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations; a conceptual approach to examine the theory of the rule of law, the theory of democracy, and the theory of human rights; and a historical approach to trace the development of these three concepts in the Indonesian context. The research data was obtained from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the concepts of the rule of law and democracy are two interrelated and inseparable principles. Both in the traditions of the rechstaat and the rule of law, respect for human rights is placed as a key pillar, which is now understood more broadly to include issues of freedom, social justice, and protection from arbitrariness. The relationship between human rights, democracy, and the rule of law affirms that the law must be the highest authority, with the constitution as its highest foundation. The supremacy of law is an important element in the practice of democracy because the constitution functions as a social contract that regulates power and guarantees the protection of human rights.

This study examines the renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) Baru as an effort to synchronize with the Criminal Code (KUHP) 2023, as well as analyzing crucial articles that potentially cause legal uncertainty in the criminal justice process in Indonesia. Using a juridical-normative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, this research analyzes secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that KUHAP Baru successfully addresses some of the mismatches with KUHP 2023 through regulations on alternative punishments, corporate accountability, and protection for vulnerable groups, but still faces conceptual and technical challenges such as legislative disharmony and minimal public participation. On the other hand, crucial articles such as Articles 5, 16, 74, 90, 93, 105, 112A, 124, 132A, and 137A pose risks of legal uncertainty due to the expansion of law enforcement authority without adequate oversight, which can violate the due process principle and human rights. The study's conclusion emphasizes the need for further revisions to strengthen legal certainty and harmonize the criminal justice system.

This community service activity aims to increase the understanding of students at State Senior High School 2 Mataram regarding information security by introducing the concepts of coding and cryptography in digital messages. The rapid use of messaging applications among teenagers makes students increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats, necessitating education on how data protection works in online communication. This program is implemented using a descriptive method consisting of planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The material covered includes basic cryptography concepts, end-to-end encryption mechanisms, and the practical process of the Diffie–Hellman key exchange thru the interactive simulation "Alice and Bob." Learning is designed contextually and participatively so that students can connect theory with the digital applications they use every day. The evaluation results showed an improvement in students' understanding, reflected in their active participation, ability to answer questions, and adequate post-test scores. This activity not only strengthens digital security literacy but also raises students' awareness of the importance of protecting personal data in online communication. This program is expected to be the beginning of more sustainable digital security learning development in the school environment.

This community service activity aims to increase the understanding of students at State Senior High School 2 Mataram regarding information security by introducing the concepts of coding and cryptography in digital messages. The rapid use of messaging applications among teenagers makes students increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats, necessitating education on how data protection works in online communication. This program is implemented using a descriptive method consisting of planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The material covered includes basic cryptography concepts, end-to-end encryption mechanisms, and the practical process of the Diffie–Hellman key exchange thru the interactive simulation "Alice and Bob." Learning is designed contextually and participatively so that students can connect theory with the digital applications they use every day. The evaluation results showed an improvement in students' understanding, reflected in their active participation, ability to answer questions, and adequate post-test scores. This activity not only strengthens digital security literacy but also raises students' awareness of the importance of protecting personal data in online communication. This program is expected to be the beginning of more sustainable digital security learning development in the school environment.

This study analyzes the legal protection of children as perpetrators of rape within Indonesia’s national legal system and Aceh’s Qanun Jinayat, focusing on the Syar’iyah Court’s decisions that often fail to confirm the fulfillment of children’s rights to education, rehabilitation, and reintegration. Although the principle of the best interests of the child requires comprehensive protection, the absence of clear implementing regulations has created uncertainty. Using a normative juridical method with legislative and case approaches, the research draws on secondary data enriched with primary data and qualitatively analyzed. The findings show that both national law and Qanun Jinayat emphasize child protection based on the best interests principle. National law mandates special procedures such as mentoring, closed hearings, psychological assessments, and diversion, while Qanun Jinayat, through Article 50, stipulates lighter and proportionate uqubat for children. These frameworks complement each other in ensuring education, psychological recovery, and social reintegration. However, several Syar’iyah Court decisions have not explicitly included recovery rights, resulting in ineffective protection and legal uncertainty. The study recommends that the Syar’iyah Court explicitly incorporate children’s rights to education, rehabilitation, and reintegration in its verdicts. Furthermore, the Aceh Government should issue Standard Operating Procedures or Governor’s Regulations to provide a clear legal basis for implementing child uqubat in line with the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.

Divorce often creates new problems, one of which is related to child custody and visitation rights for parents who do not have custody. Prohibiting visitation by the custodial parent not only violates the rights of the non-custodial parent, but also disregards the child's right to receive affection from both parents. The purpose of this study is to examine the types of legal protection available to non-custodial parents who are prohibited from seeing their children. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. Data collected from interviews with legal practitioners and parties who have experienced similar problems are included in this study. The results show that prohibiting parents who have custody from meeting their children is against the law and contrary to the principle of the best interests of the child. Parents who do not have custody rights can file a lawsuit to revoke custody rights, as stipulated in SEMA No. 1 January 2017. This study emphasizes the importance of the law in balancing the rights and obligations of parents after divorce for the best interests of the child.

The development of information technology has produced a significant transformation in election administration mechanisms, including within the City of Palangka Raya. The digitalization of various services and information systems requires the General Elections Commission (KPU) to enhance transparency while simultaneously ensuring the security of voter data and election results. This study aims to examine the key challenges faced by the Palangka Raya KPU in balancing the need for information openness with data protection in the digital era. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through literature review, direct observation, and structured interviews with KPU staff, election supervisors, and relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that digitalization improves the effectiveness of public information dissemination, including through the use of Sidalih and Sirekap, yet it also introduces vulnerabilities such as potential voter data breaches, cyberattacks, and the spread of disinformation through social media. Moreover, limitations in human resources with technological expertise serve as constraints in optimizing digital security. Conversely, the implementation of data security standards and improvements in voter digital literacy contribute to strengthening public trust in the election process. Thus, the Palangka Raya KPU needs to reinforce cybersecurity infrastructure, enhance internal technical capacity, and broaden public education programs to safeguard electoral integrity amid increasing transparency demands and digital risks. Collaboration among government, academia, and the community is a strategic element in maintaining the quality of democracy in the digital era.

Business legality is a very important component in the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Business legality provides MSME players with legal protection, easier access to financing, and greater opportunities for growth. The Business Identification Number (NIB) is the official identity of business actors used to obtain business licenses and commercial or operational permits through an integrated electronic licensing system, namely Online Single Submission (OSS). The objective of this community service program is to increase the understanding and awareness of MSME actors in Kelayu Selatan Village, Selong District, East Lombok Regency, regarding business legality, particularly the creation of an NIB. To support more efficient assistance tailored to the needs of each business operator, this activity was conducted door-to-door and included several stages, such as observation and data collection on MSMEs, dissemination of information on the importance of business legality, assistance in creating OSS accounts, and assistance in the application process until the issuance of the NIB. The results of the activity showed an increase in awareness and knowledge about the importance of business legality. It is hoped that this program will encourage MSMEs to transform into formal businesses that are competitive and sustainable.

Indonesian families are currently still faced with various challenges, including the low knowledge of mothers about childcare, which can have an impact on child development. This is crucial and a sign that there is a need to improve competence as parents, therefore the Great Parents School provides a way to overcome problems in childcare practices. This study aims to explain the transformation of young mothers who have participated in the Great Parents School program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, the informants in this study are young mothers who have undergone the Great Parents School program and accompanying facilitators, while the data collection process uses observation, interviews, and documentation with the research location in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. The results of this study show that the empowerment process refers to the ACTORS theory, namely authority, self-confidence, trust, opportunity, responsibility, and support for mothers who have attended the Great Parents School. Mothers who have attended the Great Parents School have experienced improvements in their knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to childcare. This improvement can be seen through their understanding of the role of parents, the application of family functions such as instilling religious values, compassion, and protection, as well as the application of parenting and discipline patterns, and an understanding of communication skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Great Parents School serves as a bridge for mothers to become more empowered through improvements in childcare.

This study explores the Village Cross as a symbol of inculturation, integrating Catholic faith with the Nosu Minu Podi ritual in Dusun Perintis, Balai Sebut Village, Sanggau Regency. Nosu Minu Podi, a post-harvest rice ritual, originally centered on the ancestral statue (Pantak) as the main focus of worship. The introduction of Catholicism led to a symbolic transformation, replacing the Pantak with the Village Cross while maintaining ancestral values and harmonizing them with Catholic practices. This research uses a qualitative approach combining ethnography and contextual theology. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and field documentation. Findings reveal that the Village Cross serves dual functions: as a religious symbol affirming God’s presence and spiritual protection, and as a marker of social and cultural identity. This transformation strengthens community solidarity, preserves traditional practices, and provides a medium for faith formation among youth. The study highlights that inculturation enables the integration of local traditions with religious teachings, creating space for contextual, inclusive, and practical pastoral approaches. It contributes to scholarly understanding of the interplay between religion, culture, and community identity, emphasizing the enduring relevance of local wisdom in contemporary religious practice.

In recent years, there have been more and more cases of misuse of social media accounts, especially Instagram, through hacking carried out by individuals for illegal purposes. These hacks often involve using the victim's account for fraudulent actions, such as requesting money via the direct messaging feature to the account's followers. This problem raises a number of legal questions, including how the law regulates hacking and fraud on social media platforms such as Instagram, as well as the types of criminal sanctions that can be imposed on perpetrators. This research uses a normative legal approach to analyze existing regulations, especially the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE). Based on the ITE Law, hacking is defined as an illegal activity to access, take or transfer electronic system data without permission, which can be subject to criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment and/or fines. In addition, if hacking is followed by fraud, the perpetrator can be charged with additional articles related to fraud as regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). This research also highlights the important role of social media organizers in protecting users through developing security features such as data verification. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to strengthening legal protection for social media users in the digital era.

The weak mechanism for royalty payments to songwriters in Indonesia, despite Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright clearly regulating moral rights and economic rights. In practice, there are still various violations in the form of unauthorized use of songs, low compliance with royalty payments, and suboptimal performance of Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) and National Collective Management Organizations (NCMOs). This study aims to analyze the concept of songwriters' economic rights, the mechanism for managing royalties, and the effectiveness of legal protection in its implementation. The research method uses a normative juridical approach by examining laws and regulations as well as conceptual data related to copyright management. The results show that although regulations have provided a strong legal basis, the implementation of royalty payment mechanisms still faces structural and technical obstacles, including the transparency of CMOs, the legal awareness of users of works, and weak law enforcement against violations. This study emphasizes the importance of improving the mechanisms for collecting and distributing royalties so that the protection of the economic rights of creators can be carried out effectively and fairly.

In Indonesia, copyright infringement in the music sector continues to be a significant issue, particularly when musical works are commercially exploited by businesses. This study examines the accountability of businesses towards music royalty payments through a case study of Mie Gacoan and the Collective Management Institute (LMK) SELMI. The research method used is normative juridical with additional research data collected through literature review, including related regulations and various previous studies on music copyright protection. The results of the study confirm that businesses are obliged to pay royalties for the use of copyrighted works, as stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2014 and Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021 concerning Song/Music Royalty Management. The dispute between Mie Gacoan and LMK SELMI demonstrates the weak awareness of businesses regarding legal obligations and highlights the importance of the LMK's role in ensuring the fulfillment of creators' economic rights. This study emphasizes that legal certainty, the level of public awareness of the law, and consistency in law enforcement are important factors in realizing copyright protection in Indonesia.

The integration of cloud computing and data security systems is vital for the operational success and competitiveness of fintech startups. Cloud computing enables these startups to scale quickly, manage resources efficiently, and reduce infrastructure costs, making it an indispensable tool for businesses in the rapidly evolving fintech sector. However, with the benefits come significant challenges, particularly in data protection and cybersecurity. As fintech services handle sensitive financial data, ensuring robust security measures such as encryption, access controls, and continuous monitoring is crucial to maintaining user trust. Furthermore, regulatory compliance, both local and global, adds complexity to the data protection strategies of fintech companies. This research explores the key factors that drive cloud adoption in fintech, the security challenges associated with cloud environments, and the strategies implemented by startups to address these challenges. Interviews with IT managers from Indonesian fintech startups reveal that while cloud computing offers scalability and cost-effectiveness, issues like compliance with local regulations and the protection of sensitive data remain major concerns. The research suggests that fintech startups should invest in both cloud infrastructure and advanced cybersecurity measures to protect their operations and customer data. Additionally, creating a comprehensive roadmap for regulatory compliance and fostering partnerships with cybersecurity firms will help mitigate risks and ensure long-term success. The findings highlight the importance of integrating cloud computing with effective security strategies to navigate the complex regulatory and security landscape of the fintech industry.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the main instruments of social protection policies in Indonesia that aims to reduce poverty through conditional social assistance. However, in its implementation, this program still faces various problems related to the accuracy of the aid distribution targets, especially in urban areas such as Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta. This study aims to analyze various problems in the distribution of PKH social assistance, assess their impact on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, and identify strategies that can ensure targeted assistance. The approach used is qualitative descriptive with a case study method, through data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation of PKH companions, Beneficiary Families (KPM), and village officials in Jagakarsa District. The results of the study show that although PKH has provided real benefits for most KPMs, its implementation is still constrained by inaccurate data, limited capacity of companions, low digital literacy, and weak coordination between agencies. On the other hand, targeted distribution of assistance has been proven to increase access to education and health, improve household economic conditions, and encourage behavioral changes towards independence. Therefore, an integrated strategy is needed including strengthening the capacity of social companions, digitizing the distribution system, active community participation, and local culture-based empowerment education to ensure the long-term effectiveness of PKH in reducing poverty rates.

This study examines the impact of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in adaptive learning on the learning interests of Generation Z students in higher education. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combined quantitative and qualitative methods to gain a comprehensive understanding. Data were collected from 300 respondents through a survey measuring student engagement and motivation, as well as in-depth interviews to explore their experiences with AI-based learning tools. The results indicate that 75% of students felt more motivated and engaged when using AI-based tools, with significant improvements in their understanding of the material. The study also identified challenges in AI implementation, including concerns over personal data protection, educator readiness, and ethical use of the technology. These findings suggest that AI has significant potential to enhance the learning experience by promoting greater engagement and deeper understanding. However, appropriate regulation, infrastructure, and support are needed to optimize AI’s use in education and address emerging challenges effectively.

The rapid rise of Indonesia’s digital economy is changing how people participate as citizens and how their consumer rights are protected. This study explores the legal dimensions of digital citizenship through a normative juridical review of the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law. Although these laws provide basic safeguards, significant problems remain such as data privacy violations, unclear algorithmic practices, cross-border legal barriers, and deceptive online advertising. Low public legal awareness and the absence of a unified dispute-resolution system further leave consumers vulnerable to powerful global digital platforms. The study argues that stronger protection requires embedding digital citizenship principles into Indonesia’s legal framework, harmonizing national rules with international standards, enhancing platform oversight, and improving digital literacy. In conclusion, a flexible and forward-looking legal approach is crucial to making consumer protection a core part of digital citizenship and ensuring public trust and human rights in the digital era.

Rubber prices experience significant and prolonged fluctuations, which impact farmer incomes and management decisions. Understanding historical patterns and price predictions is considered crucial for production planning, marketing, and farmer protection policies. This study aims to identify the characteristics of rubber price time series in Lahat Regency and develop a reliable forecasting model to support short- to medium-term decision-making. This study uses secondary data on monthly average producer prices for the period January 2019–December 2023. The analysis includes the Augmented Dickey–Fuller stationarity test to determine the need for transformation, differencing, and/or logarithmic transformation when necessary, identification of autocorrelation patterns using ACF/PACF, model estimation on the processed data, and evaluation of residual diagnostics (Ljung–Box, normality test) and forecasting accuracy metrics (RMSE, MAE, MAPE, Theil). The level data shows non-stationarity and becomes stationary after the first differencing; The model on log-transformed data had significant parameters and higher explanatory power than the model on de-differenced data, with RMSE and MAPE values ​​within a reasonable range. Forecast confidence intervals widened at longer time horizons, indicating increased projection uncertainty. Conclusion: Validated forecasts can inform farmers and policymakers to manage price risk and design market interventions.

This study aims to assess the growth rate of harvested area and rice production in Bengkulu Province during the 2019–2024 period and to examine spatial variation across districts as a basis for regional agricultural policy planning. The data used are secondary, consisting of a series of spatial and temporal data on harvested area and rice production; the analysis method includes calculating the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for each indicator and examining temporal and spatial patterns across districts. The analysis results indicate a negative growth rate in the rice sector, with a relatively larger contraction in harvested area compared to production, accompanied by fluctuations and differences between years, indicating heterogeneity in agricultural performance at the district level. These findings have clear policy implications: the need for agricultural land protection measures, improvement and maintenance of irrigation infrastructure, increased farmer access to technology and markets, and the implementation of indicator-based growth rate monitoring to determine intervention priorities. To strengthen the policy base, recommended further research includes field verification and combined (quantitative-qualitative) studies to identify local factors driving the observed trends and fluctuations.