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In the field of education, cheating remains a critical issue of academic dishonesty. This phenomenon does not merely affect students' grades but also obstructs the development of core character values, including integrity, responsibility, and independence in the pursuit of knowledge. This article aims to analyze the factors influencing cheating behavior and evaluate various forms of intervention from the perspective of early detection of problematic behavior. This study employs a literature review method, examining 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. The findings reveal that cheating behavior is influenced by internal factors such as self-efficacy, self-control, self-confidence, religiosity, and self-esteem as well as external factors, including peer conformity, parental pressure, the learning environment, and evaluation systems. Effective interventions include group counseling services, classical guidance, modifications to evaluation systems, and the utilization of Artificial Intelligence-based technology to detect potential academic fraud. Consequently, efforts to prevent cheating behavior require a multidimensional approach involving students, teachers, parents, and school policies to cultivate an academic culture of integrity.

Travertine is a non-marine carbonate rock precipitated from calcium- and bicarbonate-rich waters, commonly associated with hot springs, streams, and lakes in tectonically active regions. This study presents a systematic literature review of travertine deposit characteristics, encompassing mineralogical composition, geochemical signatures, petrographic textures, morphological types, isotopic properties, biotic–abiotic controls on formation, early diagenesis, and petrophysical implications. The synthesis indicates that travertine is predominantly composed of calcite, with aragonite forming under conditions of elevated temperature, high Mg/Ca ratios, and rapid CO₂ degassing. Travertines display exceptional textural diversity, ranging from abiotic crystalline crusts to microbially mediated fabrics such as shrub, peloidal, and stromatolitic structures. Major morphologies include fissure ridges, mounds, terraces, cascades, and slopes, strongly governed by tectonic setting, topography, hydrology, and substrate geology. Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O), strontium isotopes, trace elements, and REE patterns effectively constrain fluid provenance and distinguish thermogene from meteogene travertines. Microbial activity plays a crucial role in biomineralization, influencing precipitation rates, crystal morphology, and lamination patterns. Early diagenetic processes occurring during active deposition may significantly modify primary fabrics and geochemical signals. Travertine petrophysical properties exhibit distinctive porosity–velocity relationships, making them valuable analogues for subsurface carbonate reservoirs. This review highlights that travertines record complex interactions among physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes and hold significant value for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and carbonate reservoir studies.

This study aims to investigate the influence of audit committee characteristics—including the proportion of independent audit committee members, audit committee size, and the frequency of audit committee meetings—on the risk of financial statement fraud in companies in the real estate and infrastructure sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024. This study is grounded in agency theory and signaling theory. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, involving 62 companies or 310 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression via SPSS version 27. The findings of the study indicate that, collectively, the three audit committee characteristic variables, along with the control variables, have a significant impact on financial statement fraud risk. However, when examined individually, the proportion of independent audit committee members, the size of the audit committee, and the frequency of audit committee meetings do not show an influence. Meanwhile, the profitability control variable (ROA) showed an influence on financial statement fraud risk. This study concludes that the extent to which an audit committee can prevent fraud depends not only on quantitative factors such as the number of members or meeting frequency, but is also more influenced by the quality of the audit committee members’ capabilities and commitment in carrying out their oversight duties.

Background: Sectio caesarea can delay physical function recovery in postpartum mothers, affecting daily activities. Early mobilization is an intervention that may accelerate recovery. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization in accelerating physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients at RS Muhammadiyah Selogiri. Method: Quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-four postpartum mothers were divided into intervention (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The Barthel Index, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and observation sheets were used. Results: The intervention group showed faster recovery with significant improvements in Barthel Index scores, time to ambulate independently, and pain reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Early mobilization effectively accelerates physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage on Supply Chain performance, with Monitoring Opportunity as a mediating variable at the Library Office of Mesuji Regency. The research problem arises from the limited structure of knowledge-sharing practices, weak documentation of organizational knowledge, and the potential risk of knowledge leakage that may disrupt the effectiveness of library service supply chains. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 115 employees of the Library Office of Mesuji Regency and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares with SmartPLS. The results show that Knowledge Sharing has a positive and significant effect on Supply Chain performance and Monitoring Opportunity. Knowledge Leakage does not have a significant direct effect on Supply Chain performance, but it has a negative and significant effect on Monitoring Opportunity. Furthermore, Monitoring Opportunity significantly mediates the relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Supply Chain performance, but does not mediate the relationship between Knowledge Leakage and Supply Chain performance. These findings indicate that knowledge sharing becomes more valuable when supported by monitoring capability, while knowledge leakage should be controlled through documentation, access control, and knowledge protection mechanisms. This study contributes to knowledge management and supply chain literature in public library service organizations.

Background: Sectio caesarea can delay physical function recovery in postpartum mothers, affecting daily activities. Early mobilization is an intervention that may accelerate recovery. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization in accelerating physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients at RS Muhammadiyah Selogiri. Method: Quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-four postpartum mothers were divided into intervention (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The Barthel Index, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and observation sheets were used. Results: The intervention group showed faster recovery with significant improvements in Barthel Index scores, time to ambulate independently, and pain reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Early mobilization effectively accelerates physical function recovery in post-sectio caesarea patients.

The management of medicines and Medical Consumables (MCs) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals. Common problems include stock imbalances, such as shortages and overstocking, which negatively affect service efficiency, increase operational costs, and raise the risk of product expiration. These issues are often caused by inadequate planning that is not based on consumption data, as well as limited knowledge of pharmacy personnel in applying appropriate inventory control methods.This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of pharmacy staff in managing inventory using fast moving and slow moving methods based on real hospital data. The implementation method consisted of education, training, and hands-on mentoring conducted in several stages. The activity began with the analysis of medicine and medical consumables usage data from January to December 2025 at Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, followed by training on pharmaceutical logistics management, and continued with practical exercises on classification and inventory control. Evaluation was carried out through discussions, case studies, and observation of participants’ ability to apply the methods.The results showed that 50.7% of medicines and 52.4% of medical consumables were categorized as fast moving, while the remaining items were classified as slow moving. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of inventory classification, stock turnover analysis, and data-based planning. Participants were also able to identify items at risk of stock-outs and overstocking, enabling more appropriate control measures.This activity had a positive impact on the efficiency of pharmaceutical inventory management, reduced the risk of stock-outs and overstocking, and supported the improvement of healthcare service quality. Therefore, the fast moving and slow moving methods can be considered effective and applicable approaches for data-driven pharmaceutical inventory management in hospital settings

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) is an increasingly popular horticultural commodity in Indonesia, attracting both farmers and consumer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of single‑micronutrient fertilizer Mn‑EDTA (12%) in enhancing the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). The treatments consisted of control, standard NPK, 0.25 NPK, 0.50 NPK, 0.75 NPK, and 1.00 NPK. The experimental findings demonstrated that the application of single‑micronutrient Mn‑EDTA (12%) fertilizer had a highly significant effect on vegetative growth and yield components of sweet corn, with statistically higher values compared with the control treatment. In general, fertilizer dosages equivalent to 0.25–1.00 NPK produced greater plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, ear length, ear diameter, biomass weight, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, plot yield, and productivity than the control. The RAE calculation indicated that the fertilizer was effective when applied at dosages equivalent to 0.75 and 1.00 NPK. The highest effectiveness was observed at the 1.00 NPK dosage, with an RAE value of 101%. Notably, the application of Mn‑EDTA (12%) fertilizer at the 1.00 NPK dosage provided significant field effectiveness, as reflected by the RAE value of 101%. This result implies that the use of single‑micronutrient Mn‑EDTA (12%) fertilizer at the 1.00 NPK dosage increased yield by 1.01 times compared with the yield improvement obtained from the reference fertilizer relative to the control treatment.

The digital transformation driven by the acceleration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed leadership paradigms and the structure of the modern workplace. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the various strategic opportunities and systemic risks arising from the integration of AI into contemporary organizational leadership practices, where technology is no longer merely a tool but a collaborative partner in managerial processes. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on 30 reputable scientific journals with publications spanning up to 2026, this article analyzes the transition of the leader’s role from a conventional hierarchical model toward the concept of Augmented Leadership. Data analysis results indicate that AI implementation offers significant opportunities through data-driven decision-making systems with high precision, intelligent resource allocation optimization, and enhanced leadership intervention effectiveness, which has been documented to reach up to 35%. However, this transformation also brings a series of complex multidimensional risks, including algorithmic biases that could trigger inequality cascades, ethical dilemmas related to operational transparency (black box), and the potential erosion of the meaning of work for employees. The discussion in this article emphasizes that the success of this transformation depends not only on technical expertise, but also on redefining leadership competencies to prioritize emotional intelligence and ethical governance frameworks such as the CARE Framework (Control, Awareness, Responsibility, and Evaluation).

The acceptance sampling test of coffee cherries is an important quality control stage in Arabica coffee processing, yet operational evidence at the estate level remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of acceptance sampling for coffee cherries and to identify the proportions of normal and defective cherries as a basis for improving harvest quality. The research was conducted at an Arabica coffee estate in Situbondo by observing monthly harvest samples from April to August 2024 to classify cherry color (red, partially ripe, green, and black) and fruit density after soaking (partially empty, empty, single bean, and double bean). The results showed that the cherry composition consisted of 93.63% red, 3.54% partially ripe, 0.09% green, and 2.84% black cherries. The density test results indicated 4.30% partially empty cherries, 0.79% empty cherries, 10.27% single-bean cherries, 84.58% double-bean cherries, and 4.00% coffee berry borer-infested cherries. These findings indicate that acceptance sampling is useful for identifying harvest lots that do not meet quality standards and can serve as a basis for improving red cherry picking practices, harvest timing, and field supervision.

The oil and gas industry requires efficient initial processing to separate reservoir fluids into oil, gas, and water phases. The Separator Unit is the main facility that plays a vital role in the surface facility production stage. This study aims to evaluate the type of separator used, identify control components, and understand the working principles and operational procedures of separators in the Main Production Facility (MPF) area. The methodology used is direct observation and literature studies during the implementation of practical work in July 2024 at PT. Citic Seram Energy Limited, Seram Non Bula Block, Maluku. The observation results show that the type of separator used is a Horizontal Three Phase Separator with tag codes 03-V-001A and 03-V-001B operating alternately. The separation process is carried out based on differences in fluid density utilizing gravity, supported by internal components such as deflector plates, mist extractors, weirs, and straightening vanes. Separator operation is maintained at an operating pressure of around 55 psig to ensure optimal separation efficiency and work safety. The conclusion of this study indicates that effective separator operation requires stable pressure and temperature control as well as routine maintenance to prevent sediment buildup and maintain product quality.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the inquiry learning strategy on students' critical thinking skills in Islamic Education (PAI) learning. The research employed a quantitative approach using an experimental design to examine the effectiveness of the strategy in improving students’ learning outcomes. The subjects of the study consisted of students who were divided into two groups, namely an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction through the inquiry learning strategy, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods commonly applied in classroom learning activities. Data collection was carried out through critical thinking tests and classroom observations to obtain comprehensive information regarding students’ learning processes and achievements. The results of the study indicate that students taught using the inquiry learning strategy experienced a significant improvement in their critical thinking skills compared to students who learned through conventional methods. Therefore, the inquiry learning strategy is proven to be effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in PAI learning. This study is expected to become a useful reference for educators in developing more innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning strategies in the educational process.

Using Non Performing Financing (NPF) as a moderating variable, this study looks at how profit sharing and profit margin financing affect the effectiveness and stability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The primary topic discussed is how various Islamic financing arrangements affect the operational effectiveness and financial stability of banks, as well as whether credit risk enhances or diminishes these connections. This study aims to examine the direct impacts of financing modalities as well as the moderating influence of NPF on the performance of Islamic banks. Based on secondary data from eight Islamic banks in Indonesia between 2018-2024, this study employs a quantitative methodology using panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings indicate that while profit margin financing has no discernible impact on efficiency, profit sharing financing has a favorable and considerable impact. Profit margin financing has a negative and negligible impact on stability, whereas profit sharing financing has a positive but negligible impact. Additionally, by changing the direction of influence, NPF significantly moderates the association between profit sharing financing and both efficiency and stability. However, it does not significantly moderate the effect of profit margin financing on efficiency, but it does on stability. In summary, the effectiveness of Islamic financing is heavily reliant on risk management, especially credit risk control, where NPF is a key factor in evaluating whether financing can improve stability and efficiency in Islamic banks.

This study aims to critically analyze bioethanol production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) based on previous research findings and to develop a project-based learning design for SMA/SMK students. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles published in the last five years. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that bioethanol production efficiency is strongly influenced by pretreatment methods, fermentation conditions, and process control, with yields generally categorized as low to moderate. Previous studies also reveal that project-based learning significantly enhances students’ conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills. Based on the synthesis of these findings, this study proposes a structured project-based learning design that integrates bioethanol production as a contextual learning medium. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of aligning technical feasibility, educational objectives, and sustainability principles in developing science-based learning projects in secondary education.

 The development of digital technology and social media has driven changes in Generation Z's consumption behavior, particularly through self-reward lifestyle, shopaholic behavior, and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). These three factors have the potential to increase consumptive spending patterns and decrease the quality of financial management. This study aims to analyze the influence of self-reward lifestyle, shopaholic behavior, and FOMO on consumptive spending patterns and financial management of Generation Z. This study uses a quantitative method with a causality approach. The research sample consisted of 152 Generation Z students majoring in Islamic Banking at UIN North Sumatra who were selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of IBM SPSS 26. The results showed that self-reward lifestyle, shopaholic behavior, and FOMO have a positive and significant effect on consumptive spending patterns. In addition, the third variable also has a negative and significant effect on Generation Z's financial management. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling consumptive behavior and increasing financial literacy to create more rational and sustainable financial management.

This study describes the fluctuating exports and imports over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024, which also influenced fluctuations in Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exports and imports on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. The research method is quantitative using secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The population in this study was 5 years from 2020 to 2024. Data analysis used classical assumption tests consisting of normality tests, multicollinearity tests, and heteroscedasticity tests. In addition, hypothesis tests were also used, consisting of partial tests, simultaneous tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results of this study indicate that the export variable has a negative effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. The import variable has a positive effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. Export and import variables do not simultaneously affect Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves from 2020 to 2024. The implication of this research is that the government needs to manage export and import policies more effectively, as they do not always have the theoretical impact on foreign exchange reserves. Improvements in export quality and import controls are needed, as well as consideration of other factors such as foreign investment and economic policies to maintain the stability of foreign exchange reserves.

This study aims to analyze the role of Aviation Security (AVSEC) and Air Traffic Control (ATC) in maintaining flight safety and security at Frans Seda Maumere Airport and relate it to Operational Management theory. The method used is a qualitative approach through interviews with sources directly involved in airport operations. The results of the study show that AVSEC acts as the first line of defense in the aviation security system through passenger, baggage, and cargo checks (SCP1 and SCP2), as well as surveillance of restricted areas (airside). Meanwhile, ATC is responsible for regulating aircraft traffic in the air and on the ground to ensure smooth and safe flights. The collaboration between AVSEC and ATC can be categorized as a form of integrated operational management, which is the integrated operational management between different units with a common goal, namely to ensure optimal aviation security and safety. Thus, the implementation of structured and integrated operational management is key in supporting the continuity of safe, orderly, and efficient flight operations.

This study aimsmto examineiin depthvthe perspective of information technology law and human rights on the phenomenon of political buzzers on social media within the context of digital development in the era of globalization. This research is motivated by the rapid advancement of information technology, which has brought significant changes in various aspects of society, including the political sphere that increasingly utilizes social media as a means of communication and information dissemination. The phenomenon of political buzzers has become a controversial issue, particularly during election periods, as it is often associated with the spread of inaccurate information, defamation, hate speech, and the manipulation of public opinion that may harm society and disrupt social stability. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that political buzzers generally operate under the justification of freedom of expression as part of human rights. However, such freedom is not absolute and must be limited to prevent violations of others' rights and to maintain public order. In this regard, information technology law in Indonesia, particularly through regulations governing digital activities, plays an important role in controlling deviant buzzer practices. Nevertheless, the absence of specific regulations explicitly governing political buzzers has resulted in less optimal law enforcement. Therefore, strengthening regulations and increasing public awareness in the wise use of social media are necessary to create a healthy, responsible, and sustainable digital ecosystem.

The development of social media in the digital era has significantly changed children’s social interaction patterns. Besides providing benefits such as easier access to information and opportunities for creativity, social media also brings negative impacts on children’s psychological, social, and moral development. This study aims to analyze the restriction of social media use among children from the perspective of Jürgen Habermas, especially regarding the concepts of the public sphere, communicative rationality, and the colonization of the lifeworld. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the collection and analysis of relevant scientific articles. Data validity was strengthened through inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as source triangulation. The findings indicate that social media use among children has an ambivalent impact. Positive effects can emerge when there is strong parental supervision, while weak supervision increases the risk of exposure to harmful content, psychological problems, and reduced quality of social interaction. Restricting social media use through time regulation, content control, and digital education is considered important for protecting children’s development. From Habermas’s perspective, children are vulnerable in the digital public sphere because of their limited communicative rationality. Therefore, restrictions are viewed as efforts to protect children’s values and rationality from distortion by the digital media system.

Industrial hygiene management plays a critical role in protecting worker health by controlling exposure to hazardous factors in the workplace. However, many work environments still show suboptimal implementation, leading to increased risks of occupational diseases. This study aims to analyze the implementation of industrial hygiene management systems in improving worker health based on a literature review approach. The method used is a literature review by collecting and analyzing scientific articles from national databases published between 2021 and 2026. A total of ten relevant articles were selected through a systematic screening process based on predefined inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that workplace hazards such as physical, chemical, and ergonomic factors are significantly associated with various health problems, including respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal issues, and work-related fatigue. The implementation of industrial hygiene management systems, including hazard identification, risk control measures, use of personal protective equipment, and environmental monitoring, has been shown to reduce health risks among workers. However, the effectiveness of implementation is influenced by factors such as worker compliance, management commitment, and availability of facilities. These results highlight the importance of a comprehensive and systematic approach to industrial hygiene in maintaining worker health and preventing occupational diseases. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of industrial hygiene management systems is essential to create a safe and healthy working environment and to support sustainable occupational health practices.