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Business legality is a crucial element in the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Karangsari Village, as one of the MSME centers, is facing challenges in adopting Business Identification Numbers (NIB) and implementing digital marketing. This research aims to identify the impact of implementing NIB on MSMEs in Karangsari Village and explore the obstacles and opportunities in its implementation. The methods used are case studies and field surveys. The research results show that although NIB can improve legality and market access, low digital literacy is a major obstacle. It is hoped that the socialization and training carried out in Karangsari Village can increase understanding and adoption of NIB and digital marketing by MSMEs, so as to strengthen their competitiveness in the market.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness analysis of the strategic role of the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs in implementing the UMKM development program in Sikka Regency. Data analysis uses Qualitative Analysis with the interview method. The results of this research show that, firstly, the strategic role carried out by the District Cooperatives and SMEs Service. Sikka is education and training which aims to increase the capacity and abilities of MSME players and facilitate the process of processing business legalization such as permits, MUI certificates, halal and so on. The two efforts that have been carried out by the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs include providing training to MSMEs, both technical training and training to increase the insight of MSME players. Third, efforts to implement the MSME development program carried out by the Sikka Regency Cooperative and SME Service have not been effective due to various obstacles, namely internal factors such as a lack of budget for coaching assistance, as well as external factors such as a low entrepreneurial spirit, the level of consumption of products produced by MSMEs also low, as well as low marketing of local products produced by MSMEs.

Every individual certainly has the ability to face and overcome difficulties in life, so that it does not have a profound negative impact on the business they are undertaking in their lives, as is also the phenomenon experienced by street punks. Street punks need various work skills activities that can minimize problems in the socio-economic conditions they experience, so that they do not result in setbacks and are expected to function fully in carrying out life activities. Various job skills activities that can increase the Adversity Quotient are carried out by the street punk community in South Tangerang. The aim of this research is to determine the work skills process of street punks based on the LEAD method in determining the AQ level of street punks at the level of quitters, campers, or climbers. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews and documentation. The research results concluded that street punks’ work skills were carried out by being guided by both individuals and groups which resulted in an increase in street punks’ AQ. However, there are still obstacles in the process due to age, environmental, economic and indiscipline factors.

This research is motivated by the support of to apply for Halal certification through MIT-18 Post-109 UIN Walisongo Semarang KKN Students. This service aims to help micro, small and medium enterprises in Krajankulon village to apply for Halal certification independently through the Free Halal Certification Program. The activity carried out by MIT-18 Post-109 UIN Walisongo Semarang KKN students lasted for one month starting from July 2024 involving 15 stakeholders. The methods used include lectures, questions and answers, and online registration tutorials in collaboration with Pendampingan Produk Halal (PPH) of the Ministry of Religion of Kendal Regency. The results of this activity show an increase in participants' awareness and understanding of the importance of Halal certification, as well as the acceleration of the business legalization process through an easily accessible and free independent declaration system. This support is expected to increase the value of products and support business sustainability through strong legitimacy. Micro, small and medium enterprises play an important role in the Indonesian economy, especially in Muslim-majority societies where halal products are highly regarded. Halal certification is not only important for consumers, but also makes products more competitive in the market. However, there are still many in Indonesia that have not received halal certification, including in Krajangkulon Village, Kendal Regency. This is due to lack of information, lack of understanding of the certification process, and administrative obstacles such as obtaining a Company Identification Number (NIB). Therefore, this study highlights the importance of intensive support and socialization to increase awareness and understanding of Halal certification in order to support sustainable economic growth and provide assurance to consumers.

This research evaluates the effectiveness of playback TV media in improving students' listening skills at SD 012 Kampung Panjang. Qualitative methods with classroom observations were used to collect data related to student interactions with this media. The research results show that rotating TV can increase students' motivation and involvement in listening learning. This media offers an interesting and realistic learning experience, even though there are obstacles. This research suggests the use of rotating TV and active interaction after listening as effective strategies in language learning.

This thesis aims to: (1) To determine the marketing strategy of the tofu production business in increasing sales results according to an Islamic economic perspective at the Pinta Tofu Factory in Neighborhood VII, Sibuhuan Market, Barumun District. (2) To find out the advantages and disadvantages of marketing strategies used by Pinta Tofu Factory in Neighborhood VII, Sibuhuan Market, Barumun District.  This research is a type of field research (field research), where this research uses qualitative research methods. The subjects in this study were the owners and employees of the Pinta tofu factory. Data collection techniques in this study were through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that: (1) The marketing strategy applied by Pinta Tofu Factory is a market segmentation strategy, market positioning, differentiation and targeting. Then in the application of market segmentation, it suggests three segments such as psychographic segmentation, geographic segmentation and demographic segmentation. This is done so that it has a good impact on the business run by Mrs. Uba Roisa Lubis. (2) The advantages of choosing a location that makes the selling power of the Pinta Tofu Factory, having a strategic production site and directly marketing the products owned directly to traditional markets are also an attraction because it is easier for people to buy the products offered. While the shortcomings of the Pinta Tofu Factory are in capital problems in developing the business, the scarcity of production raw materials, namely soy beans, is also an obstacle in meeting public demand and the many competitors that appear in the target market by offering the same product.

This article discusses the importance of business legality, especially in obtaining Business Identification Numbers (NIB) and Halal Certificates for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Gentong Village, Pasuruan. Gentong District has many MSMEs that play an important role in the local economy, but face challenges in understanding and managing business legality, which results in limited access to wider markets. This article highlights the mentoring program carried out using the Service Learning method, which involves direct interaction between academics, students and MSME actors. This program aims to increase the understanding and skills of MSME players in managing NIB and Halal Certificates, as well as overcoming bureaucratic obstacles which often become obstacles in managing business legality. Through this approach, MSME players are expected to be able to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of their businesses. This article also examines relevant theories, such as Legitimacy Theory, Social Capital Theory, and Market Access Theory, which support the importance of business legality in building reputation, expanding markets, and reducing legal risks. The results of this mentoring program show that with adequate business legality, MSMEs in Gentong Village are able to expand business networks, increase credibility, and access larger market opportunities, both at the local and international levels. Thus, business legality is not only an administrative fulfillment, but also an important business strategy for the growth and sustainability of MSME businesses amidst increasingly tight market competition.

This research aims to find out how to implement accountability and transparency in managing village funds in village development in Tanjung Morawa-A Village. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The data collection technique used was interviews by interviewing village officials and documentation regarding budget realization reports. The results of this research show that the Tanjung Morawa-A village fund management mechanism includes planning, implementation, administration, reporting and accountability stages. The implementation of accountability in managing village funds in the development of Tanjung Morawa-A village has not been fully implemented in accordance with the regulations. This is proven in the management of village funds at the reporting and accountability stage in Tanjung Morawa-A Village, there are still obstacles, namely delays from village officials in submitting the APBDesa Realization Accountability Report to the center, the main cause of which lies in the inaccuracy of reports from the Activity Implementation Team (TPK) and conditions. Human resources are still limited. The implementation of transparency in the management of village funds in the development of Tanjung Morawa-A village is said to be not good, this is proven by the Tanjung Morawa-A Village government still not being open to the community regarding village financial information or not being transparent to the community regarding the management of village funds. Thus, the implementation of accountability and transparency in managing village funds in the development of Tanjung Morawa-A village is technically guided by Permendagri Number 20 of 2018, but its overall implementation is not yet fully in accordance with Permendagri Number 20 of 2018.

Technology in the era of revolution 4.0 is no longer a foreign object in society but has become something that almost all human activities involve technology. However, there is a problem, namely that many of the younger generation do not know about artificial intelligence.  The lack of knowledge and examples of artificial intelligence applications can be an obstacle for the younger generation to start studying artificial intelligence from an early age.  Therefore, training regarding artificial intelligence needs to be socialized to students at Vocational High School Sampang so that they understand the scope and application of artificial intelligence. The method used in this community service uses survey, lecture and discussion methods. It is hoped that this socialization will provide openness for teenage students to understand and utilize quality technology. This community service provides benefits both for service partners or participants and for service members, including: (1) increasing knowledge related to generation Z, namely technological developments with the presence of artificial intelligence; and (2) after attending the training, participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the implementation

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using e-learning in accounting education at SMK Tulungagung. The research method employed is qualitative, utilising in-depth interview techniques with teachers and students to collect data on experiences and challenges in implementing e-learning. The findings indicate that e-learning provides beneficial flexibility in time and place, especially during the pandemic. However, there are obstacles in understanding complex accounting concepts and technology access disparities among students. Student responses varied, with some feeling enthusiastic and others encountering difficulties. Teacher support, interactive materials, and regular feedback proved crucial in enhancing the effectiveness of e-learning. To maximise the benefits of e-learning, there needs to be improved technology access, integration of interactive teaching methods, and direct teacher support. This study suggests strategies to overcome challenges and leverage e-learning as an effective tool in accounting education

Mekarmukti Village MSME Corner is a local initiative that aims to develop the village economy through empowering Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). This initiative focuses on increasing production capacity, market access, and improving the quality of local products. This research aims to instill the role of the MSME Corner in supporting the economic growth of Mekarmukti Village, as well as identifying the challenges faced by MSME actors. The research results show that the UMKM Corner makes a significant contribution in creating jobs and increasing the income of village communities. However, there are obstacles such as limited capital, access to technology and marketing that still need to be overcome. With the right support from the government and community, the MSME Corner has great potential to become a driving force for the economy of Mekarmukti Village in the future.  

The article titled “Tuntaskan hambatan belajar dengan Pemberian Asesmen DCM di SMA NEGERI 2 TUALANG” discusses effective strategies for addressing learning obstacles in that school. The main focus of this article is on the implementation of the DCM as a tool to understand, identify, and address students’ learning difficulties at SMA NEGERI 2 TUALANG. The research demonstrates that using DCM can enhance students’ motivation toward the material and reduce learning challenges. The research methodology involves data collection through observation, interviews, and analysis of test results before and after DCM implementation. The findings indicate that students who receive DCM assessments show significant improvement when provided with group counseling services. The article provides practical recommendations for teachers and schools to utilize DCM assessments as a tool to enhance learning quality and reduce learning barriers within the school context.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the Minangkabau traditional music learning model/strategy applied in grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tarab. The research to be used is qualitative research using analytical descriptive methods. This research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The steps to analyze data are to collect data, describe the data and collect the data. The results showed that learning Minangkabau traditional music in Class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tarab was carried out with theory and practice. The implementation of theory in learning traditional music culture art was carried out for 2 weeks, starting from the first meeting, then for practical learning the teacher exemplified directly with several songs playing traditional Minangkabau musical instruments. Students are less interested in learning Minangkabau traditional music culture. Because teachers have not found the right learning model in learning, and also in practical learning face obstacles in the available musical instruments. Because it is not guarded / maintained to make some traditional Minangkabau musical instruments can no longer be used. Student interest in learning Minangkabau traditional music seems to be decreasing, because the learning model or strategy for teachers is not right, teachers have not implemented important stage assessments that must exist in learning that applies the curriculum and also the factors of inadequate tools used that make the learning process of Minangkabau traditional music art culture not run optimally.

Voice is one of the signs in a brand. Voice comes in in non-traditional brands. Sound marks are listed in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications. In the arrangements, there is still confusion regarding this matter, so that very few votes are registered in its implementation. A small number of vote registrations really creates problems of confusion in registration. This research uses normative research through a statutory and regulatory approach and a comparative approach. The results obtained from the research are that there are obstacles in registering sound as a brand so that sound brands are refused registration. This problem concerns the bad faith carried out by the registrant. Comparison of the regulation of sound as a brand in Australia and Indonesia has similarities and differences in registration. Australia has regulated sounds that cannot be registered and regulates the duration of sounds that will be branded. while Indonesia has not yet regulated this.

This research focuses on the implementation of flood management policies in South Tangerang City with suboptimal flood management problems. The problems that were found were that the coordination carried out by stakeholders was tentative, there were obstacles in communication on the condition of the social environment, expecially in terms of public awareness of protecting the environment, was still lacking because rubbish was still found in rivers and canals. The aim of this research is to determine the extent of implementation of flood management policies in South Tangerang City. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, and data is obtained trought observation, interviews and documentation. This research uses the Van Meter and Van Horn theory with 6 (six) indicator, namely: a) Policy Size and Objectives; b) Resources; c) Characteristics of The Implementing Agent; d) Attitude and Tendencies; e) Inter-Organizational Communication and Implementation Activies; f) Economic, Social and Political Environment. The result of the study show that policy measures and standards are appropriate but there needs to be an increase in disaster outreach and training. Then the quantitiy or number of Task Forces to go into the field is still insufficient. The availability of an organizational structure and regulations responsible for implementing flood management is quite good. Policy implementers understanding of flood management policies in quite good and has received a positive response from policy implementers. Apart from that, the communication that exists between OPDs and village officials is quite good, characterized by delibration. The economic, social and political environmental conditions are quite good, but there needs to be an increase in public awareness of protecting the environment by not throwing rubbish into rivers or waterways. 

The purpose of this article is to examine the current issues and difficulties that Nigeria's four main transportation modes are facing. The data utilized in this research were gathered by field observations, oral interviews, and a thorough literature search of books, journals, and pertinent government documents. After discussing the difficulties and issues affecting each mode's ability to continue contributing to the nation's economic development, the historical evolution of each mode and its historical role in that development are provided. The main effects of driving being preferred over other modes of transportation are the environmental issues associated with driving and the high rate of traffic accidents on Nigerian roads. There are numerous inland waterways of capacity that is underutilized as a result of the antiquated railway system. Despite being widely utilized, the airways still require significant development and refinement. In order for these modes to continue contributing to Nigeria's economic development, the study offered viable solutions to these issues and obstacles.  

The purpose of this research is to analyze the function of the Kupang City Manpower and Transmigration Office in tackling employment problems and efforts to overcome the obstacles faced in the city of Kupang. This type of research uses Sociological juridical research. The research location was carried out at the Kupang City Manpower and Transmigration Office. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing techniques with editing, data classification, data systematization, data reduction, and data verification. Data analysis techniques are analyzed using qualitative descriptive juridical methods. The result of this research is that the Kupang City Manpower and Transmigration Office (Disnakertrans) has a strategic function in managing and overcoming labor problems in the region. Disnakertrans is responsible for implementing labor policies that include job placement, transmigration, employment expansion, and problem solving in industrial relations. The main functions of the Disnakertrans include guidance, supervision, control, public services, program development, budget supervision, as well as policy development and dispute resolution. There are 2 factors that inhibit the Disnakertrans in tackling labor issues in Kupang City, namely the budget and human resources. Efforts need to continue to be made to provide training, direction, and guidance to human resources so that they can work more professionally, purposefully, and responsibly in accordance with their duties.  

This research aims to understand the leadership challenges in improving public services at PT Pelindo III Bima Branch, given the complexities faced, such as resistance from team members, operational pressures, ineffective internal communication, and the importance of relationships with local government. To achieve this objective, the research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a purposive sampling approach, where key informants include the Head of PT Pelindo III Bima Branch and various other stakeholders. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and documentation to gain a comprehensive understanding of the leadership dynamics in the field. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used to reduce and present the data, resulting in accurate findings regarding leadership effectiveness in this context. The study results indicate that leadership at PT Pelindo III Bima Branch faces significant challenges, particularly in managing change, improving internal communication, and building good relationships with local government. However, by implementing appropriate leadership strategies such as developing a clear vision, effective human resource management, and adapting to change, leaders can overcome these obstacles and enhance overall public service performance. In conclusion, effective leadership is key to ensuring that PT Pelindo III Bima Branch can meet the needs of port service users and contribute positively to the local economy.  

Environmental protection and improving industrial waste management, including slaughterhouses, are crucial to maintaining ecosystem balance and ensuring human health and welfare in the future. Good implementation of regulations and strict law enforcement are steps. The problem formulation in this research is: (1) What are the efforts of the Kupang City government in processing waste water at the Slaughterhouse in Kupang City? (2) What are the government's obstacles in enforcing criminal acts for perpetrators of waste water disposal at slaughterhouses in Kupang City? This research is Empirical Juridical Legal Research. This research uses data collection methods using interview techniques at the relevant department. The results of this research show: (1) Pollution due to waste water from slaughterhouses is a serious environmental problem in Kupang City. This article discusses the efforts made by the Kupang City government to overcome this problem. These efforts include routine monitoring and inspections to ensure compliance with regulations, strict law enforcement against violations, as well as education and outreach to the public about the importance of good waste management. (2) Law enforcement against perpetrators of waste water disposal at slaughterhouses is a complex challenge for the government. Apart from that, other challenges are less than optimal coordination between relevant agencies, as well as political and economic factors that influence law enforcement policies. By understanding these obstacles in depth, it is hoped that effective solutions can be found to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement against perpetrators of waste water disposal in slaughterhouses in order to maintain environmental sustainability.

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the context of Generation Z who have unique characteristics, such as critical thinking, desire for quick feedback, and technology literacy. Differentiated learning aims to meet individual learning needs by modifying four main components: content, process, product, and learning environment. Analysis of history teachers in Central Java Province shows that although most teachers have implemented some aspects of differentiated learning, there are obstacles in relevant and effective evaluation and assessment. To address this, a training program has been implemented to improve teacher competency in developing adaptive assessments, both formative and summative. The results of the training showed an increase in teachers' understanding and skills in implementing the principles of differentiated learning that are more inclusive and equitable.