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The Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) at the junior high school level plays a crucial role in developing students' leadership skills. However, a lack of understanding of leadership concepts and minimal practical training are major obstacles to developing this potential. This research aims to enhance the leadership competencies of OSIS board members at SMP Negeri 1 Sumberrejo through a leadership socialization and training program. The implementation method used involves socialization and interactive discussions with all OSIS board members as participants. The results of the activities show that the socialization successfully increased participants' understanding of leadership concepts, ethics, responsibilities, and basic leadership skills such as effective communication, decision-making, and teamwork. The interactive Q&A sessions and distribution of door prizes also played a role in increasing participants' engagement and motivation. It is hoped that this activity will foster the development of strong, innovative leaders who are ready to face future challenges.

This research aims to find out how effective law enforcement is against illegal cosmetic sellers in Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning health in Gorontalo City and what challenges and obstacles are faced by law enforcers in dealing with illegal cosmetic sellers in Gorontalo City. This research uses empirical legal research methods which are carried out by collecting data through observation and interviews.The results of this research show that in enforcing laws related to the distribution of illegal cosmetics, law enforcement officers usually apply Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Apart from that, through BPOM Regulation Number 26 of 2017 concerning the Organization and Work Procedures of BPOM, the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) is at the forefront of the government in fostering and monitoring distribution, quality and licensing as well as Law Enforcement factors in Handling Illegal Cosmetic Sellers in the City Gorontalo, namely legal substance, legal structure, legal culture, facilities and infrastructure, and legal knowledge of the community, need to be studied in more depth so that their influence on the challenges and obstacles in law enforcement for dangerous illegal cosmetic business actors in Gorontalo City can be known.

Energy is an essential requirement for civilisation, and due to the rapid expansion of the population in Indonesia, energy consumption has also experienced a substantial rise. Hence, it is crucial to utilise and enhance the capacity of sustainable energy resources present across the archipelago, including geothermal, hydropower, wind, bioenergy (including bioethanol, biodiesel, and biomass), ocean current energy, nuclear, and solar energy. Indonesia's energy strategy is currently focused on the use of renewable energy to decrease carbon emissions. This is backed by legislation that promotes the development of renewable energy programs under the National Energy strategy. This article evaluates the regulatory factors associated with the advancement of new renewable energy and its influence on the establishment of sustainable energy infrastructure in Indonesia. This research provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the changing regulations surrounding renewable energy. It examines how these regulations affect the establishment of sustainable energy infrastructure and investigates the current legal consequences. The study aims to understand how the regulatory framework can either support or impede the progress of renewable energy development. This research offers valuable insights on the role of legislation in facilitating the shift towards sustainable energy sources in Indonesia. It also sheds light on the potential obstacles and advantages that may arise during this transition.

The aim of this research is to find out what obstacles are faced by PT. Lotus Prakasa Lines Surabaya in implementing ship crew recruitment strategies. This implementation was carried out at the PT. Lotus Prakasa Lines Surabaya office, during which the author carried out ground practice (PRADA) from August 2023 to February 2024. The source of data obtained was primary data which was directly obtained from the research site by means of observation, direct interviews with company employees as well as secondary data sources, namely literature related to the title of the thesis. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of ship crew recruitment at PT Lotus Prakasa Lines Surabaya contained several obstacles which resulted in the ship crew recruitment process being slow. At PT Lotus Prakasa Lines Surabaya, among other things, crew selection that is in accordance with the owner's request is not yet timely, certificates and crew documents that have expired or are close to expiring before the contract expires, and communication between Lotus and the owner is slow due to the time difference between Indonesia and overseas.

Maintenance of the lifeboats and goddesses needs to be carried out so that they are ready for use by the lifeboats and goddesses at KM. Kendhaga Nusantara 6 when it was going to be used for training experienced traffic jams. Therefore, pilot 3 and engineer 3 carried out checks and maintenance of lifeboats once a week and lifeboat training was carried out once a month. This research aims to determine the implementation of lifeboat maintenance and goddesses, to find out the obstacles encountered in the implementation of maintenance of lifeboats and goddesses, as well as to find out efforts to overcome obstacles in the implementation of maintenance of lifeboats and goddesses. This research is of a quantitative type with a descriptive statistical approach, with the data collection method being interviews , observation, questionnaire. Before the questionnaire instrument was used, a validity and reliability test was carried out and the results were valid and reliable with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.848. The results of this study showed that maintenance was not carried out according to schedule. Lifeboat maintenance was only carried out within 3 months within 1 year. Based on the results Questionnaires from 8 respondents consisting of master, master 1, mate 3, kkm, machinist 3, helmsman, boss, class, obtained the results that the percentage of lifeboat maintenance implementation was 51.6%, which means that the criteria were sufficient and the implementation of the goddess goddess was 50%, which meaning that the criteria are sufficient. From the results of this research it can be concluded that the optimal level of lifeboats and goddesses must be increased in maintenance according to procedures. The obstacle encountered was that during the exercise there was a jam on the lifeboat boats which resulted in the lifeboat not being able to be lowered and damage to the lifeboat engine. Efforts that must be made are to carry out maintenance according to the 1974 SOLAS procedure.

This article is entitled Analysis of the Implementation of Customer Relationship Management in Increasing Customer Loyalty at the LKMS-A Gapoktan Panampuang Prima Cooperative. Matters relating to behavior towards customers, how to serve customers, and all matters relating to customer behavior are part of Customer Relationship Management. In this study, the research used is field research which is descriptive qualitative in nature by collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. Qualitative research is carried out to build knowledge through understanding and discovery. The results of this research, the implementation of Customer Relationship Management at LKMS-A Gapoktan Panampuang Prima is CRM designed to utilize information technology by developing a continuous relationship with customers by maximizing four dimensions, namely planning, People, Process. , Technology. Which can be seen in the LKMS-A Gapoktan Panampuang Prima which has maximized these four dimensions. Meanwhile, the obstacle faced by the LKMS-A cooperative is the difficulty in increasing the number of customers due to the large number of competing institutions nearby. However, these obstacles can be overcome by improving service quality, increasing trust, increasing satisfaction, and building a better company image.    

This study aims to determine and analyze the form of legal protection for consumers of refill drinking water in Medan City, especially in Gedung Johor Village as the research location. Consumer protection must be reviewed from the Law that has been given by the authorities as a form of protection for Indonesian citizens as a whole, both for business actors and consumers. This research is a Normative-empirical Legal research, namely research that examines the implementation of legal provisions (legislation) and written documents factually. This research was conducted using the Observation, interview, and document study methods that directly go into the field (society) with informants, namely the Medan Consumer Protection Agency, Refill Drinking Water Business Actors and Refill Drinking Water Consumers who are interrelated. The results of the study show that consumer protection for Refill Drinking Water in Gedung Johor Village as a form of government protection in accordance with the Consumer Protection Law is seen from the fulfillment of the rules set by the government as terms and conditions for selling refill drinking water in Gedung Johor Village and the obstacles in terms of this protection are the lack of public understanding of the quality of refill drinking water and the importance of consumer protection and rules that are not known by the public or consumers. This is why the government should continue to try to provide understanding through socialization, counseling, assistance and education to increase the knowledge and awareness of the Gedung Johor Village community

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out the learning obstacles experienced by students, especially class V students at SD Negeri 3 Air Kumbang, using rank number material. Learning Obstacles are divided into three types, namely ontogenic obstacles, epistemological obstacles, and didactical obstacles. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method using several instruments including the results of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, material analysis, interviews, lesson plan analysis, and analysis of textbooks used during the learning process. 20 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 3 Air Kumbang were the subjects of this research. In this research, learning obstacles were found which were divided into three categories, namely ontogenic obstacles, epistemological obstacles and didactical obstacles. Ontogenic obstacles can be seen from students' lack of enthusiasm for learning and readiness to learn. Epistemological obstacles can be seen from students' lack of understanding of a concept related to mathematics due to the limited context that students know, as well as didactical obstacles obtained from the learning tools used which can create learning obstacles during the learning process.

Tomatoes are plants that were first discovered in South America, closely related to eggplant, potatoes and peppers. Tomato is a fruit that has an attractive red color and is rich in vitamins such as vitamin C. So it is not wrong if tomatoes are very useful for maintaining the body's immune system. Each 100 grams of tomatoes contains 20 calories of calories, 1 gram of protein, 0.3 grams of fat, 4.2 grams of carbohydrates, 5 milligrams of calcium, carotene (vitamin A) 1500 SI, thiamin (vitamin B) 60 micrograms, ascorbic acid (vitamin C). ) 40 milligrams, phosphorus 27 milligrams, iron 0.5 milligrams, potassium 360 milligrams. Tomatoes are also vegetables or ingredients for cooking that are sought after by people to meet their daily needs. This makes the supply of tomatoes from farmers is always in shortage. The lack of supply of tomatoes in the market is caused by a decrease in tomato production or yields. This decrease in production was caused by several obstacles, one of the obstacles that caused crop failure was due to disease. Disease attacks on tomato plants can occur from planting to harvest. Diseases that often attack penicillin plants are sptoria leaf spot, anthracnose fruit bud, fusarium and verticium wilt, brown spot and late blight. Therefore, to handle this, of course, sufficient knowledge is needed to deal with and deal with pests and diseases in tomato plants appropriately. To overcome this, it is necessary to build a system that can diagnose diseases in tomato plants. So that farmers are able to overcome and deal with pests and diseases on tomato plants appropriately. Researchers have done a lot of research by building an expert system to diagnose a disease. With the results of research, an expert system is designed to assist farmers and agricultural extension workers in detecting diseases in soybean and rice plants. From the results of tests that have been carried out using an expert system, 14 different cases in the field are then cross-checked with the results of expert analysis and have a suitability of 93%.

Hyperthermia is a condition characterized by symptoms such as dehydration, muscle spasms, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue, which can harm the patient's condition. The causes of hyperthermia can vary, ranging from lack of fluids to excessive physical activity. RSU Putri Bidadari has doctors who are experts in treating various diseases, including hyperthermia. However, several obstacles often occur in the direct consultation process, such as long queues, long distances, limited time, and costs. Therefore, a technology-based system is needed that is able to manage hyperthermia symptom data and help diagnose the disease early, so that patients can get information and early treatment quickly. This method is used to manage the symptoms selected by the patient to determine the possibility of the disease with a high level of confidence. Based on the analysis of the selected symptoms, this system is able to produce the most accurate diagnosis with the case of hyperthermia type Heat exhaustion, with a confidence level of 50.26%.

In the increasingly evolving digital era, digital marketing is an important element for businesses to build brand awareness, increase sales, and expand market reach. By using various online platforms such as social media, search engines, email, and websites, companies can reach consumers directly, provide relevant content, and monitor and analyze campaign results in real-time. Cepoko Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, is one of the areas that has many MSME actors with quality products. However, most of them still experience obstacles in marketing their products. This seminar was carried out through two steps, namely observation and interviews where we collected data obtained from the head of RT, the head of MSMEs, and several MSME actors in Cepoko village. The next step is to arrange a seminar by bringing in speakers to provide an explanation of digital marketing at the Cepoko Village Hall.The purpose of holding this seminar is to provide insight to Cepoko Village MSMEs on how to market digital marketing and look for business opportunities in social media.

This research aims to analyze the use of Indonesian in the Physical Education, Health and Recreation study program. Investigate how to use Indonesian language and language styles effectively and support data collection in writing papers in the Physical Education, Health and Recreation study program. This research uses a qualitative approach to investigate a series of academic papers and analyze the conformity of Indonesian language use with academic conventions and scientific language characteristics. The research results show that there are differences in language style and use of terminology, the majority of papers are able to meet relevant academic standards, although there are still obstacles in translating technical terms and using terminology consistently. This research can help academic writers to further refine the use of Indonesian in writing work in the Health and Recreation Services Education study program.

This research aims to evaluate the use of organic waste as biowash by PKK members in the village and to find factors that support and hinder the implementation of the program. This research was conducted qualitatively with a descriptive case study approach. Data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document study. Research shows that the success of the program is greatly influenced by the level of knowledge of PKK cadres regarding organic waste management. While limited tools and lack of community awareness are obstacles that need to be overcome, an effective training process and support from the village government are the main supporting factors. This research found that this program not only benefits the environment, but can also improve the local economy. The results also show that this program can be used as a model for other villages.

Opportunities and challenges faced in developing MSMEs definitely exist in the MSME development process. Pati Angkrik as a local tuber food offers significant potential opportunities in improving community welfare. Pati Angkrik, which belongs to the group of tubers, can be processed into various processed food and beverage products. And the challenges faced by Pati Angkrik MSMEs include limited raw materials, limited human resources, time requirements, and ineffective marketing access, making the development of Pati Angkrik MSMEs also experiencing obstacles. Triharjo Village, Gemuh District, Kendal Regency, has the Pati Angkrik micro and small and medium enterprise (MSME) as one of the community businesses in Triharjo Village. However, there are challenges and opportunities it faces. The aim of this service is to provide MSME development to the challenges and opportunities faced by Pati Angkrik MSME actors in Triharjo Village, so that they can help Angkrik starch MSME actors by replacing more modern packaging and designing packaging for Angkrik starch MSME products. This devotion uses method Participatory Action Research is a method of raising public awareness regarding potential and existing problems and encouraging community participation in change activities that will be implemented. This service has succeeded in providing development for pati angkrik MSMEs by changing product packaging to modern packaging and creating packaging designs, so that the development of pati angkrik MSMEs can benefit the angkrik starch MSMEs in Triharjo Village.

Galah shrimp is one type of freshwater shrimp that has great potential for cultivation. One of the obstacles to the growth of king prawns is water quality. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the installation of Vegetable Floating Raft (VFR) on the growth of king prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). This study was conducted using the t-test method, with control and Vegetable Floating Raft treatments. The results showed that the growth pattern of weight and length of king prawns in each treatment was relatively the same. However, the daily weight growth rate of king prawns in the control treatment was greater at 3.36%, compared to the treatment of Vegetable floating raft at 1.26%, while the daily length growth rate of king prawns in the control treatment was 0.86%. The daily length growth rate in the Vegetable floating raft treatment was smaller at 0.61%. During the study the value of the degree of survival of the control treatment was 95%, while in the treatment of Vegetable floating raft the percentage of the degree of survival of king prawns was 62%. Based on the results of visual observations seen the rest of the feed and the rest of the skin during molting. It is suspected that shrimp are stressed due to changes in water quality characterized by increased ammonia levels in the last maintenance week caused by the death of kale plants in the maintenance medium.        

Children are the next generation of the nation who need to receive guidance and protection to ensure their optimal physical, mental and social development. In its development, efforts to guide and protect children are often faced with problems and obstacles that ultimately lead to deviations in children's behavior. These deviations are often violations of legal norms and crimes by children. Children who are in conflict with the law must be held accountable for their actions, either through non-penal or penal processes. Regulations on child criminal acts are regulated in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. In principle, child protection is carried out based on the best considerations for children. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze how the policy of formulating criminal responsibility for children in conflict with the law according to Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System; and to determine and analyze the policy of formulating criminal responsibility for children in conflict with the law in the future. This study uses a normative legal approach. The specifications of this study are descriptive analytical. The type of data in this study, namely secondary data includes primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations and secondary legal materials in the form of book references and expert opinions. The data collection method used is the method of collecting data through literature studies. The analysis method used is qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the criminal liability of children in conflict with the law according to Law No. 11 of 2012 is regarding the age limit of children who can be punished is 12 years, in the law there are also diversion efforts carried out before or even during the trial process, this is intended to minimize the punishment imposed on children (ultimum remidium). This process is carried out for the best consideration for children, because the effects of criminal law (stigmatization) are very bad for child development.    

Incest is a sexual relationship carried out by two people who are still related by blood or marriage. Incest is described as an incident of sexual intercourse; between individuals who are related by blood, but the term was eventually used more broadly, namely to describe the sexual relationship between father and child, between siblings. Incest is a forbidden act in almost every cultural environment. The main problems in this thesis are: (1) What is the resolution process in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) in Ulu Belu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency? (2) What are the obstacles faced in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) in Ulu Belu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency? This research is empirical normative research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data and tertiary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews, secondary data was obtained from libraries, journals and the internet, and tertiary data was obtained from dictionaries, Wikipedia and encyclopedias. Data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results of this research show that (1) The process of resolving cases of granting customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) was carried out in a non-litigation manner which was accommodated and chaired directly by Mosa and the traditional leader in Ulu Belu village in accordance with the customary rules. applies. (2) the obstacles faced in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) are external obstacles and internal obstacles.

The largest contributor to local revenue in Pasuruan Regency is coffee, Puspo as a coffee plantation area also has a very valuable natural wealth and many benefits, namely forest honey. So far, coffee and honey productivity has only met the Pasuruan Regency area, through coaching, it is hoped that there will be an expansion of the marketing area and interest throughout Indonesia. This study aims to provide coaching to MSMEs in the Puspo area to improve the family economy by developing Gondosuli coffee and forest honey businesses. This research method is qualitative, with a case study as an approach, the interview technique used involves the main informant of the business owner and the supporting informant is a member of the Puspo MSME association, Pasuruan Regency. Data collection techniques using interviews, observations, and documentation. The results obtained from this study are Gondosuli Coffee which is identical to plantation products in the Puspo area has a distinctive taste of both Arabica, Robusta and Liberica, as well as forest honey from wasps. Puspo natural forest honey is a type of honey produced by wild bees that live in the Puspo Pasuruan forest area. The natural potential that is the advantage of the region is certainly not owned by other regions besides Puspo Pasuruan Regency. The obstacle faced by MSMEs in penetrating the national market is that all demand for packaged coffee and forest honey throughout Indonesia has not been met due to limited packaging technology so that production capacity is not large enough. There is no coffee storage warehouse that can help with the availability of coffee for all times. The contribution of research to help coffee and forest honey farmers in improving the family economy, with more durable packaging, is practically able to reach consumers throughout Indonesia.

This study aims to explore the application of Sharia economic principles in export and import trade through a qualitative approach. Sharia principles such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir, as well as fairness and transparency in transactions, are examined in the context of international trade practices. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with traders, Sharia practitioners, and financial experts. The results show that despite challenges such as riba-free financing and currency fluctuation risks, Sharia-based solutions like salam contracts, murabahah, and wa’ad methods can help overcome these obstacles. This study highlights the potential of Sharia economics in fostering more ethical and sustainable international trade. With the growing global interest in ethical trade, Sharia principles have the potential to play a significant role in the future of international commerce.

In this research, researchers used a qualitative type of research with a case study approach, with data sources including madrasa heads and other stakeholders. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used consist of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are: 1) The management of the principal at SD Maarif Jogosari Pandaan has been running well and according to expectations, this includes planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating or what is usually called POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling). At the innovative learning program stage, SD Maarif Jogosari Pandaan has two mainstay programs, namely a) Collaboration program with Sahabat Pena, an educational initiative program that involves the exchange of letters between students from different schools. The aim is to improve students' writing and communication skills, broaden their insight into other cultures and environments, and develop empathy and cooperation. b) Manziliyah Program, an educational initiative program that aims to create a learning environment that resembles a family atmosphere at home. This program focuses on developing student character, attitudes and behavior through integrated habituation, coaching and supervision. 2) The obstacles experienced by SD Maarif Jogosari Pandaan in improving learning programs are, a) Lack of socialization and school communication with related parties. b) Lack of support from parents who do not implement these programs at home, such as daily behavioral activities.