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Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the management of educational financing in improving facilities and infrastructure at Madrasah Aliyah Darussalam Pematang Duku Age, determining strategies using case studies, this research is a qualitative research that focuses on managing educational financing in improving facilities and infrastructure at Madrasah Aliyah Darussalam The source of this data comes from the school principal, treasurer, deputy head of facilities and infrastructure, committees and technical foundations. Data collection using interviews and documentation of data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results of his research are management of education funding in improving facilities and infrastructure. in the madrasah aliyah daarussalam through three prisoners, namely a) the planning stage. The planning process for education financing in madrasah aliyah daarussalam is good, this is evidenced by holding deliberations in planning education financing once a year and involving all elements of the school, namely the head of the madrasa, data operators, treasurer of the madrasa, representatives of the field madrasah committee and teachers b) Implementation The implementation of financing at the Daarussalam Aliyah Madrasah was not optimal, the implementation was carried out in accordance with the planning that was discussed, but in its implementation there were several sudden needs. so that inevitably the school will reduce or even cut the budget for facilities and infrastructure.

An OTN consists of a set of optical network elements connected by a fiber-optic link. OTN can provide the use of transport, multiplexing, routing, management, supervision and resilience of optical channels. OTN (Optical Transport Network) itself is a technology that can increase network bandwidth and reliability by building network functions into optical networks. . An OTN consists of a set of optical network elements connected by a fiber-optic link.                                

Da’wah is an obligation of every Muslim that must be carried out continuously, which aims ultimately to change human behavior based on the right knowledge and attitude. Starting from the presence of the Prophet Muhammad SAW who was sent to the earth and began his da’wah for the first time.  Da’wah activities are often interpreted in a narrow sense. Along with the times, in the 21st century there has been a globalization syndrome.   A new taklim assembly known for its success in garnering public attention is Sabilu Tawbah. The Taklim Assembly has a congregation of 2875 members and is recorded up until the beginning of 2022. This research uses descriptivequalitative method.This accomplishment cannot be separated from the duties of a da'i and a taklim assembly supervisor. In Karanggayam Village Srengat District, Blitar Regency, he is Agus Muhammad Iqdam, a youthful preacher and NU leader. Gus Iqdam does more than just preach; he also pays attention to certain elements that are necessary for a da'i to succeed, such as the rhetorical elements of ethos (hikmah), pathos (al-mau'idah hasanah), and logos ('al-Jidal billati hiya ahsan). Which of these three has the greatest impact on a person's level of religiosity?

The study was created to analyze the function, role, and syntax category in the sentences in story texts used in the Indonesian language textbook for class VIII junior high school independent curriculum. The data analysis technique used in this study is a billing technique with a theoretical language approach that focuses on each of the grammatical elements in sentence formation. The data on this analysis is the function, role, and syntax category in direct sentences and indirect sentences. The data source is two-story texts entitled "Parki and Egg Allergies" and "Uncle Tom's Magic Box" of the Indonesian language textbook for class VIII junior high school independent curriculum. Research has revealed five syntax functions (subjects, predicates, objects, appendages, and references), revealed a variety of syntax roles that do not always occupy the same function (the perpetrator, activity, target, driver, status, circumstances, time, tools, locative, and result), then found ten syntactic categories (pronouns, nouns, verbs, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, verbal phrases, nominal phrases, adjective phrases, nominal-adjective phrases, and prepositional phrases). It is hoped that more variations of syntax functions, roles, and categories based on the findings of the research conducted.

Every literary work has a message and meaning contained so that every reader can take lessons from the work, one of which is poetry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the elements or symbols of romance found in the Four Collections of Poetry by WS Rendra. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data sources used came from a book entitled Four Collections of Poetry in the Romance section of the Kakawin Kawin chapter by WS Rendra, namely (1) Love Letters; (2) Green Serenada; (3) Blue Serenada; (4) Episodes; (5) Serenade Violet; (6) Under the Moon; (7) White Serenade; (8) Black Serenade; (9) Gray Serenada, (10) Red Serenada; and (11) Letter to Mother: About Her Prospective Son-in-law. While the data sought is a symbol of romance. Data collection was carried out by document analysis using the method of taking notes and literary analysis, while to test the validity of the data using theoretical triangulation techniques. The results of this study found that there are various romantic symbols in the book entitled Four Collections of Poetry in the Kakawin Kawin chapter Romance section by WS Rendra.

This article aims to compile information on the implementation of informatics learning outcomes (CP) in mathematics education at elementary schools. The study utilizes a descriptive analytical research approach, employing library research methods to gather data from journals, news, and books obtained from both internet sources and digital libraries. Data collection techniques involve conducting a literature review, while qualitative analysis is employed to describe the data obtained through document analysis. The results demonstrate that there are three key elements of informatics learning outcomes that are absent during phase A of mathematics education in elementary schools.

This study aims to find out about the perception of street children soap operas on RCTI by the Community in the Koto Baru Village, West Pasaman. The initial problems with television shows, especially the soap opera "Street Children" which is currently so loved by some Indonesian people today, and also people in West Pasaman and its surroundings. it seems that these shows no longer provide positive benefits to society. which often featured scenes of fights between motorbike gangs, then also always presented scenes with arrogant, cunning, and evil characters. This of course can have the effect of changing people's bad behavior as well, due to the habit of watching these shows. By using descriptive research methods to study problems in society, as well as procedures in society and certain situations including relationships, activities, attitudes, views and ongoing processes and the influence of a phenomenon including the street children soap opera. The results of the study found that: in general, street children soap operas are very much liked by Indonesian people, this is because these shows have several important elements that are the center of public attention, namely artists, the characters of the soap opera players and also the big names of RCTI TV stations, as well as broadcast time it's still not late. RCTI's soap operas for street children still don't provide many positive benefits for the development of society, because they still don't highlight elements of education, then they always highlight bad or evil behavior, and also always highlight scenes of fights between motorbike gangs, so that they display more elements of violence in the show. Street children soap operas that focus on elements of entertainment for the community and audience and there are a few religious elements that can be seen in these shows.

The general research objective is to get an overview of the moral values ​​in a film and to find out the implications for drama learning in high school. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis approach, in which the researcher records carefully and carefully the data in the form of words, sentences, pictures, and videos. The use of a descriptive qualitative approach in this study aims to describe and understand the moral values ​​in the film My Nerd Girl. The film My Nerd Girl provides many illustrations regarding moral values ​​that can be presented as role models for students at school. Therefore, in learning drama films this can be presented as an alternative teaching material, especially in discussions about examining the characteristics of elements and linguistic rules in drama texts in the form of scripts or stages and presenting plays in the form of stages or scripts. Researchers found 45 data on moral values ​​in the film My Nerd Girl and have described their implications for drama learning in high school. The most common moral values ​​found were the moral values ​​of helping each other, the moral values ​​of being responsible and the moral values ​​of cruelty, while the fewest were the moral values ​​of persecution and the moral values ​​of revenge.  

This study aims to determine the Role of Communication in Resolving Organizational Conflict. This research was conducted on students who served as Student Council at Triguna Vocational School. The research method used is interviews and literature review. The results of this study say that communication plays an important role in resolving conflicts in the organization. The sample shows that without good communication it can lead to miscommunication and misunderstanding among members of the organization. Therefore, the five elements of communication must be maximized properly so that conflicts do not occur in the organization.

Technological developments are increasing rapidly in the world of education, therefore human skills must also go hand in hand with these technological developments.  But besides that, there are also educators or teachers who have not taken advantage of the sophistication of this technology, so that it can also affect student learning interest.  So that it requires a memorable learning process that is interesting and fun which aims to increase student learning interest.  An example of an interesting and fun learning media is the powtoon learning media, which combines interesting audio, visual and animated media elements.  So that in this study the aim was to find out whether there was an influence from the use of powtoon learning media on learning interest in fifth grade students at SDN Socah 1. The type of research used by researchers was a type of qualitative research, with descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative data analysis methods, in this study  also used interview techniques, tests, observation, and documentation for data collection.  Then the results will show that the powtoon-based learning media has the effect of increasing students' interest in learning, especially in science subjects, because it is considered interesting and fun so that capturing material is easy to understand.

The purpose of this research is to describe the forms and functions of directive speech acts contained in the film "Nanti Kita Cerita tentang Hari Ini" directed by Angga Dwimas Sasongko, and to utilize the results of the research as teaching materials for persuasion texts for grade VIII junior high school (SMP). This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The data in this study are sentences containing elements of directive speech acts in the film "Later We Tell About Today". The data collection technique was carried out by reading, observing, and note-taking techniques. The instrument used is documentation. The results of the study found several types of directive speech acts divided into the function of commanding 1 utterance, the function of ordering 1 utterance, the function of requiring 1 utterance, the function of crossing 1 utterance. the function of requesting 1 utterance, the function of offering 1 utterance. The third is the form of a directive speech act of invitation which is divided into the function of inviting 1 speech, the function of urging 1 utterance. The fourth is the form of directive speech act of advice which is divided into the function of advising 1 utterance, the function of suggesting 1 utterance, the function appeals to 1 speech, the function calls for 1 utterance, the function remembers 1 utterance. The fifth is the form of directive criticism which is divided into 1 speech reprimanding function, 1 utterance satirical function, 1 utterance scolding function. The sixth form of directive prohibition which is divided into prohibiting functions 1 speech, function prevents 1 speech. The findings of this study were then incorporated into a lesson plan for teaching persuasive writing to eighth graders in junior high school, this was done because the aim of persuasive writing or dialogue is to get the audience to act in the way the writer or speaker wants them to. The linguistic characteristics of persuasive texts are related to the form and function of directive speech acts, which aim to convince the speech partner or listener to act according to the intent intended by the speaker. The purpose of preparing teaching materials in the form of handouts is to simplify subjects to make them easier during the learning process, and to arrange materials in a practical and interesting way for students. Data from the analysis of the form and function of directive speech acts in the film "Next We Tell About Today" informs the preparation of persuasive text teaching materials, which also take Basic Competence (KD) of the applicable Indonesian language curriculum and Competency Achievement Indicators (GPA).

The position of the Committee for State Receivables (PUPN), from a constitutional point of view, should be able to become a strong and professional representative interdepartmental institution in line with the goals and expectations of its establishment in accordance with laws and regulations to support the wheels of the economy and benefit the country's finances at a macro level. The problem in this study is regarding how PUPN's authority is viewed from the point of view of the legal system theory. The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a normative juridical approach. Law Number 49 Prp of 1960 concerning the Committee for State Receivable Affairs, is the forerunner of the paradigm for settlement of State Receivables by incorporating elements of managing and collecting state debts with very effective and strong authority from a legal standpoint. In addition, the institutional form that is interdepartmental gives a special image and the presence of law enforcement officials in it can have a significant psychological effect on the debt guarantor. Not to mention that the PUPN itself is equipped with parate execution powers which are the same as the court's execution powers.

Counterfeiting of securities is a serious illegal act with the potential for significant legal consequences.  The author provides an in-depth review of the criminal law aspects associated with counterfeiting securities.  The aim of this research was to analyze and understand the legal framework governing counterfeiting of securities, including the criminal considerations and sanctions applied.  This study also explains the concept of counterfeiting securities and how this action violates applicable law.  In addition, this study also discusses the elements that must be present in an act of counterfeiting securities such as intentionality and the intention to make a profit.  Furthermore, this study also analyzes the penalties and sanctions that can be applied to perpetrators of counterfeiting securities.  In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of effective law enforcement in dealing with counterfeit securities.  Perpetrators of counterfeiting securities must be held responsible for the actions that have been taken and be faced with sanctions in accordance with applicable criminal law.

The fishing community in Kedungrejo Village, Muncar District, is close to the consumerist lifestyle. Each of the existing elements creates its own reflection, from skipper fishermen, labor fishermen to factory employees. In short, this research was conducted to describe the lifestyle that is formed in fishing communities, especially in Kedungrejo Village, Muncar District. This study uses a qualitative approach that explains the phenomenon descriptively using observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results obtained in this study indicate that the fishing community in Kedungrejo Village, Muncar District, has a consumptive lifestyle. This shows that the community buys products or luxury goods to maintain prestige in the surrounding environment. Moreover, they buy things based on their desires. The skipper fishing community, which is seen as being in the position of the upper social layer, will try to highlight the identity that is considered to have wealth and power. This study uses the theory of consumerism put forward by Jean Baudrillard which assumes collective individual identity based on commercial interests and not on utility. Just as society represents a need, consumerism makes individual/group behavior believe in the existence of a symbol of power in controlling a certain item.

The development of the culinary industry and urban lifestyle in large cities like Bekasi is increasingly demonstrating competitive dynamics. Urban residents are not simply looking for places to eat and enjoy coffee, but also for social spaces that offer experiences, identity, and quality tailored to customer needs. Kaizen Heritage Coffee Bekasi presents itself as a destination and lifestyle space that embraces the concept of blending heritage values. To explore the factors influencing customer preference for Kaizen Heritage Coffee Bekasi, a series of methodological steps will be undertaken, including secondary data analysis, surveys and interviews, and quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Through this qualitative approach, the research seeks to explore the experiences and perspectives of visitors to Kaizen Heritage Coffee Bekasi in depth. In depth of interviews were conducted with the 30 respondents, providing insights into key elements such as service quality, the location's atmosphere, and the values ​​espoused by Kaizen Heritage Coffee Bekasi.

In Indonesia, science has been taught from an early age, starting from kindergarten to university, which emphasizes on critical thinking skills. Short film is one of the literary works in the form of audiovisual which is considered capable of helping improve students' critical thinking skills. In collaboration with the Dialectika Institute, a mass media institution engaged in civil society studies, research and development, especially focusing on the fields of religion, culture and democracy, this Community Service (PkM) activity was carried out for 3 days starting from the 22nd until February 24, 2023 which aims to improve participants’ critical thinking skills through training related to narrative and cinematographic elements in short films. In order to maximize training results, this PkM activity used several methods, including the Lecture-based Teaching style and the mentoring method in delivering training materials. In addition, the PkM team delivered questionnaires containing questions about the training material and opinions regarding the PkM to the participants in order to measure and see the results before and after the training. The results of the activity showed that this PkM activity was able to attract enthusiasm and was also able to improve the participants' critical thinking skills as seen from the results of the questionnaires delivered. In addition, this activity is able to make them see works from different perspectives than just seeing them as a means of entertainment.

This study will examine and analyse these elements to have a better understanding of how employee culture and job satisfaction impact organisational commitment. This essay's research focuses on the Bandung, Indonesia, PT.Bina Administrasi. The sample for the study was composed of 98 participants using a purposive sampling method. The analysis technique is called multiple regression. Following are the study's conclusions: (1) Organisational culture positively affects organisational commitment, meaning that the better the culture, the higher the commitment. (2) A favourable association between the two can be shown when organisational commitment is high and work satisfaction is high.

This research aims to explore how people in the Islamic economy feel about the Shopee app's PayLater feature. And to get a breakdown of how Shopee PayLater is being utilised. The methodology of this study is qualitative. This research uses observation, interviews, and documentation to gather information. While data visualisation and reduction are used for analysis. According to the findings of this research, Shopee users can benefit from the convenience of Shopee PayLater's on-time payment options by taking advantage of the company's bailout funds. Shopee PayLater continues to impose unnecessary costs on its customers by charging interest on past due balances and other fees with every purchase. The Qardh and Prohibition of Transactions in the Islamic economy state that Shopee PayLater is not permitted because it contains elements that are detrimental to the user, so the app's use is prohibited if it is banned in the Islamic economy.

The sale and purchase of ships carried out by institutions with Indonesian citizenship and foreign countries must pay attention to various basic principles regulated by the government. These basic principles are used and must be established for the preparation of a contract so that the parties avoid things that can harm both the seller and the buyer in terms of administration in government. The administration of buying and selling ships is included in the class of buying and selling goods whose legality of ownership must be in accordance with the standards set by the government. When buying and selling or procurement contracts are regulated based on international private law which contains several theories related to the preparation of an agreement or contract. If a ship purchase agreement does not fulfill one of the administrative elements set by the government, the agreement is considered invalid or canceled. The validity of an agreement that has been made by the parties according to Gunawan Wijaja, namely the agreement must contain validity, both the validity of which is questioned by one of the parties or other matters. In implementing the sale and purchase agreement of ships between Indonesia and foreign countries, it must be by the provisions of the sale and purchase agreement that has been determined, which can refer to agreements in international private law. It is hoped that the government of both Indonesia and foreign countries can make a wise decision in determining the cancellation of an agreement by examining or exploring further the causes of the cancellation of the sale and purchase agreement.  

The concept of the smart city has emerged as a strategic response to rapid urbanization, increasing population density, and escalating environmental degradation. It is designed to create more efficient urban management through the integration of information and communication technologies, with the primary goal of enhancing public services, optimizing resource use, and improving citizens’ quality of life. One of its most significant promises is its potential to mitigate ecological challenges, particularly in monitoring and reducing air pollution levels. This study aims to analyze the impact of smart city implementation on urban ecology and quality of life, focusing on air quality as a key indicator. A quantitative comparative approach was applied, using both primary data from air quality measurements PM2.5, CO₂, NO₂, and AQI and secondary data from government reports, environmental agencies, and academic publications. The research was conducted in five major Asian cities recognized for adopting smart city initiatives. The results reveal varied outcomes: Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and livability, while Beijing and New Delhi continued to struggle with severe pollution. Jakarta showed partial progress, though improvements remain limited. These findings indicate that while technology is critical, it alone does not ensure ecological sustainability. Effective governance, public participation, and context-based strategies are equally crucial. This study highlights the need for smart city policies to prioritize ecological resilience and human well-being as central elements of sustainable urban development.