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This research aims to explain that left-wing groups have returned to political participation in the Latin American region, which has given birth to the Pink Tide 2.0 phenomenon. The rise of the Pink Tide 2.0 phenomenon began with Mexico in 2018 and Argentina in 2019. This trend continued throughout 2021 and 2022, when many left-wing leaders won elections in Latin America; including Bolivia, Peru, Honduras, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Elements of the political movement like its predecessor were characterized as "anti-American" and prioritized social-based development, but had a new transformation that focused on environmental protection and fighting climate change, realizing social justice for every race, gender political emancipation (feminism and LGBTQ+), as well as sustainable economic restructuring to eradicate poverty and inequality. This research uses qualitative methods with literature study, as well as social developmentalism theory according to Lena Lavinas. This research concludes that Pink Tide 2.0 emerged due to Latin American society's distrust of right-wing leaders, because they saw stagnant development and increasingly massive inequality following the worsening of the regional economy during the 2010s and the Covid-19 pandemic. Pink Tide 2.0 is the rise of left-wing regimes in Latin America to involve broader segments of society in the sustainable development of each sector.

In this era of globalization, economic growth is increasingly rapid. As an effort to improve people's welfare based on justice and prosperity which are the goals of national development, the Indonesian economy will also be followed by policies in the tax sector. 1. Based on the background of the problem above, the problem can be formulated as follows: Does PBB and BPHTB revenue have an effect on PAD in Sumenep Regency? 2. Does PBB revenue have a significant effect on PAD in Sumenep Regency? 3. Does BPHTB revenue have a significant effect on PAD in Sumenep Regency?. From the results of the data analysis and discussion that have been described, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The influence of PBB's contribution to PAD in Sumenep Regency 2013-2022. Where PBB partially has a positive and significant effect on PAD with a calculated T value of 28.518 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. 2. Influence of BPHTB Contribution to PAD of Sumenep Regency 2013-2022. Where BPHTB partially has a positive and significant effect on PAD with a calculated T of 2.318 and a significance level of 0.000 <0.05. 3. Effect of PBB Contribution, BPHTB on PAD of Sumenep Regency 2013-2022, Based on the results of the F test simultaneously the PBB contribution variable and the BPHTB contribution variable have a positive and significant effect on PAD with an F table value of 2113.398 > 3.16 and a Sig. 0.000 < α = 0.05.

Capital ownership among Indonesian people is encouraged by the People's Economic System which is based on justice, democracy and kinship. Indicators of the implementation of the Community Economic system in Indonesia include Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM), most of which are owned by regional communities through capital. To increase the income of MSMEs in Indonesia, the aim of the study is to implement a digital economy-based community economic system. The findings of this research indicate that MSMEs in Margasari Village, Kab. Karawang, can increase its income by implementing a digital economy-based community economic system. Observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation are tools used to obtain data for a qualitative descriptive research approach.

The problems in this research are: 1) Why are the regulations for protecting the rights of prisoners in the criminal justice system in Indonesia not based on the value of justice, 2) What are the weaknesses in the regulations protecting the rights of prisoners in the current criminal justice system. The research method uses the constructivism paradigm, with an empirical juridical approach, and a descriptive research type. Types and sources of data using secondary materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Methods of data collection using literature, and qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study are: 1) Regulations for the protection of convicts' rights in the criminal justice system in Indonesia are not based on the value of justice; 2) Weaknesses in the regulation on the protection of convicts' rights in the current criminal justice system from the aspects of legal substance, legal structure and legal culture.    

Access to justice is a fundamental right that is still difficult to reach by rural communities, including in Deme Dua Village and Bubalango Village. Paralegals play an important role in providing legal assistance for people who have limited access to professional advocates. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of the role and function of paralegals in improving access to justice in the two villages. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to understand the dynamics of paralegals' roles in resolving legal disputes and the challenges they face. The results showed that paralegals contribute to legal education, conflict resolution through mediation, and legal assistance for vulnerable groups. However, they face obstacles such as limited resources and lack of recognition from the formal legal apparatus. In conclusion, strengthening the role of paralegals can improve access to inclusive justice in rural communities, but needs policy support and more systematic training.

This article discusses the implementation of character education based on Christian values ​​in the secondary school curriculum. This approach aims to form students who are not only academically superior but also have strong moral integrity. This study was conducted through qualitative methods by interviewing Christian religious teachers and students. The results show that the values ​​of love, justice, and responsibility have a significant impact on building student character. This article recommends integrating Christian values ​​more explicitly into the learning process.

The importance of the taxation system as an economic pillar becomes increasingly prominent in the face of the complexity of international relations and ongoing technological developments. This article discusses the challenges faced by Indonesia in optimizing tax revenue and controlling tax avoidance in the era of globalization. The phenomenon of tax avoidance, particularly involving renowned companies such as PT Bentoel and Google, is a central issue in the context of taxation law in Indonesia. Its impact is significant, with reports from the Tax Justice Network estimating the country's losses at US$4.86 billion per year or approximately IDR 68.7 trillion. Tax avoidance not only has a negative impact on tax revenue but also has the potential to undermine the overall effectiveness of the taxation system. Indonesia is confronted with the expansion of tax avoidance practices, especially by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, reinforcing the urgency to address this issue within the existing taxation legal framework. This research adopts a qualitative method with a focus on tax supervision and enforcement to explore efforts to combat tax crimes in Indonesia. Thus, this study is expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the root issues and formulate effective solutions to enhance the effectiveness of Indonesia's taxation system. The research findings are anticipated to serve as a foundation for the development of a more effective national fiscal policy, addressing loopholes in the taxation legal framework, and preventing detrimental tax avoidance practices.    

This article examines the validity of the sale and purchase of land rights based on an absolute power of attorney without the knowledge of the seller, focusing on Supreme Court Decision Number 680 K/Pdt/2020. This study aims to analyze the validity of the use of an absolute power of attorney in the process of transferring land rights and its legal implications. The results of the study indicate that the use of an absolute power of attorney in the transfer of land rights is contrary to the provisions of laws and regulations, especially Article 39 paragraph (1) letter d of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. This absolute power of attorney is declared null and void by law because it contains elements of irrevocable transfer of rights, which is contrary to the principle of "Nemo Plus Juris Transfere Potest Quam Ipse Habet". The court decision confirms that legal actions based on the absolute power of attorney are invalid, so the transfer of rights that occurs must be canceled. This finding emphasizes the importance of compliance with legal principles and provisions by notaries and land deed officials in the process of transferring rights to ensure legal certainty and justice.    

This study aims to explore the concept of Restorative Justice and its implementation in laws and regulations in Indonesia. Restorative justice is an approach to resolving criminal cases that prioritizes the restoration of relationships and social harmony rather than punishment. The research method used is a normative legal approach with analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the concept of restorative justice has been accommodated in various laws and regulations in Indonesia, such as the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, Regulation of the Indonesian Prosecutor's Office Number 15 of 2020, and Regulation of the Indonesian Police Number 8 of 2021. The implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia is manifested in the form of diversion, mediation, and termination of prosecution based on restorative justice. This study concludes that the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia is an effort to create a more humane, inclusive, and sustainable criminal justice system.

In our life, to choose what is good and to act rightly always required human freedom. Human freedom must be created peace and justice in order to open mind and heard for the common good for all.  All people of God are witness for social justice teaching support for beautiful and meaningful life such as appreciation for the human person dignity’s, awareness of equality, equal participation, and human solidarity. This research use a qualitative method through a literature study in order to acquire data and discover the problem more profoundly. Researchers believe that the successful process of internalizing ethics aims to make life, not just a life that lasts from time to time, but a life that is organized regularly and ultimately reaches the aim of life. This research will answer the “question” is virtue ethics necessary or only an accessory for human beings’ life.  Then, researchers will go further to describe the important values or practices of virtue ethics in daily life. Finally, this research proposes the practical implication based on the critical reflection and suggestion. This implication is an indication for every person to believe that the process of internalizing Ethics is an important way of life.

This study investigates sustainable Islamic business models through a qualitative case study of green-tech startups in Central Java, Indonesia. Using semi-structured interviews with founders, managers, and employees, complemented by secondary data from business reports and sustainability disclosures, the research examines how Islamic ethical principles, including stewardship (khalifah), social welfare (maslahah), and justice (adl), are integrated into operational practices and sustainability strategies. The purposive selection of 3–5 startups enables an in-depth exploration of organizational decision-making, innovation adoption, and environmental and social performance. Thematic analysis identifies recurring patterns in ethical integration, technological innovation, and sustainability outcomes. Findings reveal that Islamic startups effectively embed ethical values into operations, fostering environmental accountability through renewable energy initiatives, waste reduction, and resource optimization, while enhancing community engagement and equitable service delivery. Technological innovations such as IoT, AI, and blockchain further support sustainability performance, enabling startups to monitor and optimize environmental outcomes without compromising financial viability. Comparative analysis demonstrates that Islamic startups outperform non-Islamic counterparts in key sustainability metrics, including carbon reduction and social impact, highlighting the competitive advantage of ethics-driven entrepreneurship. Overall, the study confirms that Islamic ethical frameworks foster both environmental accountability and technological innovation, providing a practical model for sustainable development in emerging economies. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs seeking to align ethical, social, and environmental objectives with business strategy.

This study aims to examine the integration between Islamic education financing and national policies in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) No. 4 on quality and inclusive education. Using an Islamic normative approach, national education policy analysis and human capital theory, this study explores the relationship between the financing principles in QS. Al-Mujadilah verses 12-13 and Law No 20 of 2003 on the National Education System. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with literature analysis techniques that include the study of Qur'anic interpretations, policy documents, and concepts of human capital theory. The results show that Islamic education financing, which is based on the principles of justice, equity, and sustainability, has great potential to support national education policies in improving access and quality of education in Indonesia. The principles of zakat, waqf and sadaqah as Islamic financial instruments can be optimized to close the gap in access to education, especially for marginalized groups. This research recommends a stronger synergy between Islamic financing principles, national education policy, and the human capital approach in order to realize inclusive and quality education in accordance with SDGs goal No. 4.

The importance of Christian learning and formation became very significant, especially in the era of an independent curriculum that emphasized character development as the core of education. This process is more than just moral and intellectual formation, but it is a step towards transformation into a "new man" influenced by the Holy Spirit. Involving the values of the Kingdom of God such as love, justice, and peace in the building of Christian character is important. An independent curriculum provides an opportunity to unify Christian character building by rooting the values of the Kingdom of God, forming customs that support mission, and developing character that reflects Christ. The importance of Christian character-building in education must not be overlooked, for it forms not only extraordinary individuals, but also individuals who are ready to be God's instruments in the realization of His mission in the world..

One of the efforts to resolve crimes that occur in people's lives is not only through law enforcement efforts, but through a restorative justice approach that is different from the conventional criminal justice system, where this approach emphasizes the direct participation of perpetrators, victims and the community in the process of resolving criminal cases. The aims of this study are (1) to find out the application of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia; (2) To find out the legal considerations of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia. Empirical normative research type. Normative legal research (applied law research) is research that uses normative legal case studies in the form of legal behavior products. This study uses a qualitative analysis method, which is in the form of an in-depth interpretation of legal materials as is usually the case with normative legal research. In carrying out the application of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia, it has been carried out well from a procedural point of view. Basically, criminal cases can be stopped at the stage of investigation and/or investigation based on restorative justice only on crimes that are not serious crimes. Legal considerations of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia, namely by balancing the interests of various parties (perpetrators, victims, society and the State); Non-compliance with the guidelines and basic principles that have been formulated on the basis of the principles of "human development, mutually, empathy, responsibility; respect and fairness”; The feelings of victims who feel they are experiencing "re-victimization" because they feel pressured; Attempts from the formal criminal justice system to take over the restorative justice movement.

The legal principle states "nullum crimen sine poena legal", which means there is no criminal act without a crime according to the law. In principle, this principle means that no crime can be punished if it is not prohibited by law, so that actions and crimes must first be regulated by law. Likewise with this crime of murder. Where the crime of murder is a crime that violates very serious norms. The crime of murder is not only committed by adults, but children can also be involved in this crime.The crime of murder is a crime that can occur because it is carried out intentionally or because of someone's negligence/negligence, resulting in victims or the loss of another person's life.Handling of children involved in crime, especially children who are perpetrators of murder, must be given serious attention. Not only for the government but also for law enforcement officers and other parties including the surrounding environment. This treatment is quite important because the perpetrators who are categorized are still children. Handling cases in children cannot be the same as handling cases in adults, so there are many things that must be paid attention to and taken into consideration. One of them is the juvenile justice system.

This research aims to explore the ethical dimensions in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with a focus on its social and moral implications. The research method involves a literature review to gain a profound understanding of the social and moral impact arising from AI development. Analysis is conducted on various literature sources, including articles, books, and AI-related ethical initiatives. The Future of Life Institute highlights the significant potential of artificial intelligence across various sectors but also underscores significant ethical challenges. This initiative requires careful understanding and handling to ensure that AI development aligns with moral and social values. Ethical issues related to unfair compensation for workers in the 'mechanical turk' industry and the impact of technology companies on human rights and democracy are identified. Furthermore, the research describes ethical issues in the use of personal data to train AI models, emphasizing individual rights regarding trained models and the protection of data subject identities. Additionally, the relationship between humans and robots raises ethical questions about their influence on human values and the potential for violent impacts. This exploration also discusses AI-related ethical initiatives emphasizing human rights, well-being, accountability, and transparency. The Ethically Aligned Design Guidelines from IEEE serve as a primary reference, emphasizing the need for AI development based on ethical principles and human rights. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of awareness regarding the social and moral implications in AI development. Moral principles such as openness, accountability, justice, security, and freedom serve as guiding principles to ensure that AI provides positive benefits without sacrificing human values.

Real Work Lectures (KKN) are a learning process for undergraduate students Mandailing Natal State Islamic College. Developing through community service activities in various areas of community life. The implementation of this community service program aims to develop empathy and concern for various real problems faced by society and the development of society. Sustainable development is needed to smarten the lives of the nation's people and achieve people's welfare. (Janosik, 2005). As technology develops, it must be accompanied by the development of human resources in the fields of education and economics.Islam is a religion brought by the Prophet Muhammad SAW to Arabia in the 7th century in the Arab region. Islam is based on the belief in the oneness of ALLAH, (tauhid) and considers the Al Qu'an to be a holy book that was revealed directly from ALLAH SWT to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The Muslim ummah, followers of the Islamic religion, spread worship such as prayer or worship, fasting during the month of Ramadan, zakat, hajj, and jihad. The Islamic religion teaches values such as justice, compassion, simplicity and brotherhood. Muslims are expected to live according to religious teachings and follow the moral principles set out in Islam. Islam also has a significant influence on culture, art, architecture, literature and legal systems in various countries where the majority are Muslim. It is important to remember that Islam has various traditions and sects such as Sunni, Shiite, Sufi and others, which provide variations in practices and interpretations of the religion. The Islamic religion also has a rich and complex history, and has followers all over the world.

The purpose of this research is to determine how unfair supervision impacts employee loneliness with emotional exhaustion as a mediating variable and organizational justice. This research involved employees of PT. TRANSPORINDO AGUNG SEJAHTERA SURABAYA (PT. TAS), a company that is growing rapidly. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were used to collect data, and the sample was one hundred workers. The data collected was analyzed through mediation analysis, and documentation, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires were used. The research results show that unfair supervision has a positive and significant impact on worker peace of mind. Abusive supervision disrupts organizational fairness, whereas abusive supervision increases emotional exhaustion. Mediation analysis was used to analyze the data collected, and documentation, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires were used. The results show that unfair supervision significantly increases employee peace of mind, whereas arbitrary supervision disrupts organizational justice. Emotional exhaustion causes employees to become silent.

In Indonesia, sexual assault on campuses is against Pancasila ideals and has to be expected right away. Examining sexual assault on campuses from a Pancasila viewpoint is the goal of this study. A literature review is conducted as part of a qualitative procedure. The study's findings indicate that the number of incidences of sexual assault has been rising significantly over the last several years. The ideals of Pancasila, including social justice and a fair and civilised humanity, are in direct opposition to this sexual assault. Therefore, in order to prevent and end sexual assault on campuses, sexual education that incorporates Pancasila ideals must also be implemented there.

This research explores the status of customary criminal law in the context of positive law in Indonesia. Customary criminal law, as an integral part of the cultural heritage of Indonesian society, has values and norms that have developed from generation to generation. However, in an era of increasingly structured positive law, fundamental questions arise regarding the extent to which customary criminal law is accommodated and recognized by the formal legal system. This research uses a normative legal approach to analyze statutory regulations, court decisions, and related legal literature. Research findings identify that although customary criminal law is not explicitly regulated in the national positive law system, there are certain efforts to recognize and respect its existence. In this context, this research explores the concept of integrating customary criminal law into a positive legal system as a medium of preserving legal plurality and realizing local justice. Apart from that, this analysis also discusses the challenges and potential conflicts between customary criminal law and modern positive law principles, as well as efforts that can be made to achieve harmony between the two. In conclusion, this research contributes to a better understanding of the status of customary criminal law in the context of positive law in Indonesia, by highlighting important aspects to be considered in developing inclusive and just legal policies. This research is in the form of a research article.