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Patient loyalty is an attitude that drives behavior to return to using the services of a hospital, incorporating emotional aspects, particularly making regular and repeated visits with high consistency. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the relationship between brand image, patient experience, and trust on the loyalty of inpatients using private insurance at MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Hospital. The background of this research is the trend of decreasing patient numbers in 2023 among those with private payment and non-JKN insurance. Additionally, secondary data from patient feedback forms revealed some patients were dissatisfied with services not meeting their expectations and showed a tendency to switch hospitals. Based on the data, there is a noticeable decline in the number of patients in the inpatient unit, reflecting an issue with patient loyalty towards MRCCC Siloam Hospital. The research design used is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, involving 75 inpatients as the subjects of this study. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to inpatients randomly, with informed consent. The analysis tool used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study based on the analysis test show a significant influence of brand image, patient experience, and trust on patient loyalty. However, the influence of brand image and patient experience on patient loyalty, when mediated by trust, is not significant. It is recommended that the hospital improve patient loyalty by enhancing the quality of services through various internal evaluations of the existing system to meet patient expectations and build stronger relationships.

Education is widely recognized as a crucial investment with significant economic and social benefits. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze trends, influential works, and research patterns related to Return on Education (RoE). Using Google Scholar as the primary data source, publication metadata were retrieved and analyzed with VOSviewer to visualize co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrences, and citation relationships. The findings indicate an increasing research focus on RoE, particularly in areas concerning economic returns, labor market alignment, and educational policy optimization. The keyword analysis highlights the importance of skill development, policy adaptation, and industry collaboration in maximizing educational returns. Additionally, citation network analysis reveals the most influential studies shaping this field. Despite its contributions, this study acknowledges limitations in data completeness due to Google Scholar’s metadata constraints. The insights derived from this analysis provide valuable guidance for policymakers, educators, and researchers in enhancing the effectiveness of educational investments.

The development of e-commerce has transformed companies’ marketing communication strategies, including CV. Rintis Usaha Bersama, which operates in the sales of medical and industrial gas cylinders. Increasing competition has driven the company to optimize its digital communication strategies to enhance sales and maintain its market competitiveness. An effective marketing communication strategy is essential in attracting customers and fostering their loyalty. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the marketing communication strategies of CV. Rintis Usaha Bersama through e-commerce and evaluate their effectiveness in boosting product sales.  This research employs a qualitative method with an in-depth interview approach involving the company’s management. The analysis is conducted using the SOSTAC model, which includes situation, objectives, strategy, tactics, action, and control in digital marketing strategies. The findings indicate that CV. Rintis Usaha Bersama implements the 4P marketing communication mix (product, price, place, promotion) through e-commerce platforms such as Shopee and Tokopedia. The strategies adopted include clear product information dissemination, transparent pricing, promotional discounts, paid advertising, and flash sale campaigns. However, the main challenges faced by the company include intense price competition and an increasing number of competitors in the e-commerce sector. To improve the effectiveness of marketing communication strategies, the company is advised to develop educational content about its products, enhance customer engagement through responsive services, and collaborate with influencers or affiliate marketers to expand its audience reach. Regular evaluations are also necessary to ensure the strategies remain relevant to the dynamic market trends. 

This study analyzes the longitudinal trends in the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian refugees over a 14-year period (2011–2025) through a systematic meta-analysis of 47 studies, encompassing a total sample of 28,453 refugees. Using a random-effects model, the analysis confirms fluctuating PTSD prevalence, peaking at 83.4% in 2013 (95% CI: 78.2–88.6%) before gradually declining to 42.7% in 2025 (95% CI: 37.3–48.1%). Furthermore, multilevel regression analysis identifies significant predictors, including displacement duration (β = -0.34, p < .001), access to mental health services (β = -0.28, p < .001), and social integration (β = -0.31, p < .001). These findings extend the work of Hassan et al. (2019) on the short-term impact of war trauma and support the resilience model proposed by Mahmoud et al. (2021), highlighting a more complex recovery trajectory. Unlike the previous meta-analysis by Silove et al. (2017), which focused on the first five years of displacement, this study reveals that 37.8% of refugees continue to exhibit chronic PTSD symptoms after 14 years. Notably, key risk factors such as family loss (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.31–3.37) and legal status uncertainty (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78–2.54) emerge as novel contributions. These findings provide new insights into the long-term trajectory of PTSD among refugee populations and its implications for sustainable mental health interventions.

The change from the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era to Society 5.0 has had a significant impact on education, especially through the use of technology in the learning process. The use of electronic modules, which combine text, audio, images, animation, and video, is one of the important innovations that supports 21st century learning with a focus on critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity. This study uses bibliometric analysis to examine the trends and developments of electronic modules in economics learning from 2015 to 2024. The results of the study indicate that electronic modules increase students' independence and critical thinking skills and support more interactive and flexible learning. Bibliometric analysis conducted with VOSviewer identified research trends, topic relevance, and potential for further development. Electronic modules have proven to be an effective tool in digital education, although there are still some limitations in accessibility and interactivity. These findings emphasize the importance of innovation and continuous development of electronic modules in economics education to meet the needs of learning in the digital era.

Sukasetia Village in Cihaurbeuti District has great potential to develop into a sustainable agrotourism destination. This study focuses on identifying strategic approaches to develop agrotourism in the Sukapulang area by employing a participatory method involving local communities as active stakeholders. The research adopts qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and descriptive analysis. Results indicate that agrotourism development can provide significant economic benefits, such as creating alternative income sources and preserving local culture and traditions. Furthermore, it enhances community engagement and promotes sustainable tourism practices aligned with global trends. Despite its potential, challenges remain, including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to information, and insufficient promotional strategies. The study recommends improving infrastructure, enhancing digital promotion, and implementing capacity-building programs to empower local communities. These strategies aim to ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness for the agrotourism initiative. The findings suggest that with collaborative efforts involving local stakeholders, government, and private sectors, Sukasetia Village can serve as a model for community-based sustainable tourism development in rural areas, contributing positively to the region's economic and social growth.

This study aims to provide an understanding of the optimization of the development of the Kampung Sawah tourist village which focuses on tourism trends that provide direct benefits to local communities, the role of villages in the local economy, making tourist villages based on sustainable tourism, the implementation of tourism pentahelix and digitalization ecosystems at the Kampung Sawah tourist attraction in Talagasari Village, Kawali District, Ciamis Regency. The methods used include the case study approach method. The activity mechanism consists of several stages, namely field surveys and data analysis. This activity begins with direct observation, interviews and identification of problems with related parties in Talagasari Village. The results of this service show that the managers of tourist attractions are able to try to re-operate the Kampung Sawah tourist attraction, this will be discussed again and evaluated together with the village government, Village Community Institutions and the Community.

The fashion industry continues to grow rapidly, creating new trends that influence people's lifestyles. The thrifting phenomenon at Pasar Senen has become a popular shopping alternative due to its affordable prices and product quality. This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality and price perception on purchasing decisions for thrifted clothing. The research employs an associative quantitative approach involving 96 respondents. The research instrument is a questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis includes descriptive and correlation analysis, while hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate a positive influence of product quality and price perception on purchasing decisions, with an R-Square value of 0.805. The study's limitation lies in its scope, which focuses only on one market and does not consider other variables or moderators that may impact purchasing decisions more broadly.

Leishmaniasis is recognized as a significant health concern in Iraq. The disease begins with minor elevations (papules) and progresses into ulcers. Epidemiological investigations play a crucial role in managing and implementing effective preventive strategies for this disease. This study examines the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq over the past 7 years. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional inquiry analyzed data concerning patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis over the previous 7 years at the Iraq Health Center. Demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were collected from healthcare centers in Iraq through collaborative efforts with healthcare facilities. Using SPSS software, epidemiological records of the patients were extracted and subjected to statistical analysis employing the chi-square test. Out of 175 patients examined, 88 were male (53%), and 87 were female (47%). The majority of patients belonged to the age bracket of 9 months to 4 years, with the lowest number of cases in the age group of 40 to 49 years. Mainly, the manifestations of the disease were observed on the facial region and limbs. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was observed between age groups and the type of leishmaniasis (P > 0.05), as well as between gender and the type of leishmaniasis (P > 0.05). According to the conducted analysis, the prevalence of the disease in Iraq showed a declining trend from 2008 to 2014. This reduction in the disease incidence can be attributed to the improvement in health education status and the adherence to personal hygiene practices among the population

This research seeks to find an approach between modern trends in management accounting and cost reduction. The research problem was represented by a number of questions with the aim of identifying the intellectual and applied frameworks of its variables, and then diagnosing the level of interest in it in the field, as well as identifying the appropriate procedures by the company. Three main hypotheses were developed to measure the level of correlation and influence between the research variables. The research was conducted in Al-Enjaz Juice Manufacturing Company as a field for research and testing its hypotheses. The target cost method, the cost method based on activities, and the balanced scorecard method were adopted. The research used many statistical methods in the analysis, such as standard deviations, arithmetic averages, with the help of statistical programs (SPSS.var.29). A set of results was reached, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation relationship and the influence of modern management accounting applications in reducing costs

Male infertility is a growing concern in reproductive health, affecting millions worldwide. Despite its significant impact on couples' ability to conceive, it remains underexplored compared to female infertility. This study offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of male infertility research, identifying trends, key contributors, and emerging areas of focus. By analyzing publication patterns, leading journals, influential authors, and collaborative networks, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the current state and future directions of this research field. The insights gained are expected to guide future investigations, enhance collaborations, and inform policymakers and clinicians about this evolving area. A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases to retrieve relevant publications on male infertility. ScientoPy was used and bibliometric indicators, such as publication output, citation analysis, author collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence analysis, were used to explore the intellectual structure and research trends in this domain. Visualization tools, including VOSviewer, were employed to present the findings. The analysis included 2726 publications spanning from 2014 to 2024. The results reveal the most productive authors, influential journals, and highly cited publications in the field. Key research themes, emerging topics, and the evolution of the research landscape are discussed. Collaborations among authors, institutions, and countries are also examined to identify the intellectual structure and global research networks. This analysis provides valuable insights into the current state of research on male infertility The findings highlight the critical areas of focus, influential studies, and collaborative patterns that have shaped the field. Implications for future research directions, evidence-based practice, and potential areas for interdisciplinary collaboration are discussed.

Scientific literacy which involves the ability to understand scientific concepts, think critically, and apply this knowledge in everyday life, has become one of the main focuses in the Natural Sciences curriculum. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trends in the development of scientific literacy research in elementary school science education through a bibliometric approach. The method used is bibliometric analysis, with four stages of literature search on the Scopus website. The results show that there are three frequently appearing terms or research topics. First, the topic of scientific literacy, which appears 29 times with a link strength of 65, included in cluster 4 colored yellow. Second, the topic of elementary schools, which appears 12 times with a link strength of 52, included in cluster 2 colored green. Third, the topic of students, which appears 10 times with a link strength of 45. Based on the research findings and discussion, it can be concluded that the development of scientific literacy research in elementary science education is still relatively low because this topic has not attracted much attention from researchers in various countries. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focuses on these areas. This implies that these topics can be new areas of interest for authors, readers, or other researchers in this field to explore further. Consequently, future research is advised to discuss these areas.

Cryptocurrency has become a new trend in the world of digital finance, but its adoption is still limited among the public. This study aims to analyze the effect of perceived benefits and trust on cryptocurrency purchase intention among students of Bina Sarana Informatika Margonda University. A quantitative approach was used by distributing questionnaires to student respondents. Data processing uses the SPSS 25 application and data analysis is carried out by testing validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing and the coefficient of determination. The results showed that partially perceived benefits had no effect, while trust was proven to have an influence. Simultaneously, perceived benefits and trust affect cryptocurrency purchase intention. The findings imply the importance of increasing understanding of the benefits and building public trust, especially students, in cryptocurrency to encourage the adoption of this technology. This research also highlights the need for further education on the potential and risks of cryptocurrencies, as well as the development of supportive regulations to increase trust and adoption among students and the general public

A traffic violation is a violation or action that is contrary to traffic laws or regulations, in accordance with Law Number 22 of 2009 which was passed by the DPR-RI on 22 June 2009. The aim of this research is to get a picture of traffic violations in the Gorontalo Police area.  The research method used is qualitative analysis with a literature study approach through collecting primary and secondary data on reports on the number of traffic violations in the Gorontalo Police area from 2022 to 2024. From the research results it was found that during the last 3 years from 2022 to 2024 there were past violations traffic violations in the Gorontalo Police area that are most frequently reported are traffic violations regarding vehicle equipment, documents and driver equipment with more efforts being made in the form of persuasive efforts in the form of giving warning sanctions in take action against traffic violations rather than imposing fines according to the articles violated. There is also a downward trend in the number of violations reported in the Gorontalo Police area from 2022 to 2024.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in Indonesia's economy, but often find it difficult to adapt to the demands of marketing in the digital era. This community service aims to increase the marketing effectiveness of Draw Coffee MSMEs, a "ready-to-eat coffee" business based in Jakarta, by applying The Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) concept. Its main goals include increasing brand awareness, expanding market reach, and building customer loyalty through a combination of digital and traditional marketing channels. The program uses methods such as SWOT analysis, market trend evaluation, and IMC strategies involving social media, digital marketing, and sales promotion. Over the course of three months, the program resulted in an 18% increase in sales, a 30% growth in social media engagement, and a 15% increase in new customers. Despite its success, challenges such as fierce market competition and the need for product diversification are still areas that need to be further developed.

This qualitative literature review explores the relationship between internal governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Drawing insights from recent studies, the review identifies key governance elements—such as board independence, ethical leadership, and audit committees—that enhance CSR outcomes by fostering accountability and stakeholder alignment. Additionally, emerging governance trends, including digital tools and ESG integration, are examined to understand their impact on CSR performance. Comparative analysis highlights the contextual differences across industries and regions, emphasizing the role of cultural, regulatory, and institutional factors in shaping governance-CSR dynamics. The findings underscore the importance of robust and context-specific governance strategies to optimize CSR initiatives and achieve sustainable development. This review also discusses its limitations and suggests directions for future research, including the integration of emerging technologies and sector-specific analyses.

The interest rate in the Iraqi economy represents an active and important element in the management of monetary policy in the Iraqi economy, as it is used by the monetary authority represented by the Central Bank of Iraq to influence the money supply, as well as the impact of this also by allocating the available resources for savings among foreign investments to achieve the central goal of the monetary authority of achieving stability in prices such as the interest rate and various prices and values of investments together and thus achieve balance at the economic and financial levels. This research analyzes the relationship between interest rate changes (IRC) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Iraqi economy during the period from (2004-2023). Multiple analytical tools were used, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series analysis, and prediction models using ARIMA and Prophet. The results showed an association between the two variables under consideration, with the ability of the ARIMA and Prophet models to provide accurate forecasts of future   FDI trends. A quantitative methodology that includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series models, and forecasting tools has been adopted to clarify the relationship between the two variables and draw conclusions that support economic decision-making.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a critical indicator that measures the quality of development in a region through health, education, and economic dimensions. This study aims to analyze the key factors influencing HDI and its impact on social development in Indonesia. Using a descriptive analysis approach, secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) were utilized to evaluate HDI trends and disparities in recent years. Findings indicate that HDI improvement directly impacts community welfare, strengthens social stability, and reduces economic inequality. However, challenges such as regional disparities and unequal access to basic services must be addressed to achieve sustainable development. The implications of this study are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in designing more inclusive development strategies.

This research aims to analyze buyer behavior towards skincare products, with a focus on factors that influence purchasing decisions, product preferences, the influence of social media, and promotional strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods to collect data from respondents regarding habits, preferences and external influences in purchasing skin care products. Data analysis techniques are carried out descriptively to identify trends and patterns of consumer behavior. The research results show that product quality is the main factor in decisions (91.3%), followed by needs and price. TikTok emerged as the top platform for seeking information (77.9%), while influencer reviews had a significant influence with 91.3% of respondents considering them before purchasing a product. The majority of consumers prefer local products (60.6%) compared to imports. Additionally, promotional strategies such as discounts and cashback proved effective in attracting attention, with 93.3% of respondents expressing interest in the offer. This research concludes that skincare buyer behavior is influenced by a combination of rational and emotional factors, which are strengthened by the influence of social media and promotions. These findings provide insight for producers in designing marketing strategies that are more effective and in line with consumer needs.

Objective: This study investigates the critical role of risk management practices in enhancing corporate performance, with a specific focus on financial institutions and manufacturing sectors. The research aims to uncover how effective risk management contributes to organizational resilience, operational efficiency, and long-term sustainability.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology was employed to analyze 11 peer-reviewed academic articles published between 2015 and 2023. The selected studies were drawn from reputable databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, using predefined inclusion criteria. The analysis focused on identifying patterns, gaps, and emerging trends in risk management practices.Findings: The study reveals that robust risk management significantly enhances organizational resilience, mitigates exposure to financial and operational risks, and fosters improved corporate governance. Frameworks such as ISO 31000 and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) are identified as pivotal in aligning risk management with strategic objectives, thereby driving sustainable growth.Contribution: This research underscores the need for a unified and standardized risk management framework that addresses sector-specific challenges while promoting cross-industry applicability. Policymakers and industry leaders are urged to prioritize risk management as a strategic imperative, especially in times of crisis.