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Surfaces in three-dimensional space can be represented through explicit, parametric and implicit equations, which describe the relationship between the variables x, y and z. Graphs of linear equations produce flat planes, while quadratic equations form objects such as spheres or ellipsoids. In this research, a theoretical approach is combined with interactive visualization to analyze various surface shapes. Through the use of GeoGebra software, this analysis makes it easier to understand surface orientation and shape, such as normal vectors and curvature, as well as applications in vector fields. This research also investigates the concepts of Cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space, by depicting surfaces in the form of graphs of functions of two variables. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide deeper insight into the geometric properties of surfaces and how to visualize them effectively in mathematics and physics applications.

This study aims to describe and analyze the discourse structure consisting of macro structure, supra structure, micro structure, and discourse contained in Shopee  and Blibli online shopping advertisements. The object of the research is the transcript of online shopping advertisements from Shopee  and Blibli. The data collection methods used were advertising observation and doing advertising transcripts so that the final data used was in the form of text. This data was then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis model of Teun A Van Dijk's discourse analysis theory. From the data studied, the results of the study showed that (1) the macro structure or theme in the transcript of online shopping ads was seen in the entire content. The themes were big discounts, free shipping, cash back bonuses and discount vouchers. (2) The super structure consisted of (a) an introduction to the issue, (b) a series of arguments, (c) a statement of invitation, (d) a reaffirmation. (3) Microstructure consists of (a) background, (b) details, (c) meaning, (d) coherence marker, (e) stylistic, (f) rhetoric, (g) graphic use. (4) The discourse contained in the text was a persuasive discourse.

The rapid growth of online English learning platforms has introduced new opportunities for language acquisition, yet maintaining student engagement and motivation remains a persistent challenge. Many learners experience reduced participation and limited knowledge retention in digital settings compared to traditional classroom environments. Addressing this issue, the present study investigates the effectiveness of gamified quizzes as a pedagogical strategy to enhance engagement, motivation, and retention among online English learners. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two groups: a control group that used a standard online platform and a treatment group that engaged with gamified quizzes incorporating points, badges, and leaderboards. Data on engagement were collected through participation frequency and time spent, while motivation was measured using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, and retention was assessed through follow-up tests. Statistical analyses using independent-sample t-tests and ANOVA revealed significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group demonstrated higher engagement, stronger motivation, and improved retention outcomes compared to the control group. These results, supported by both tabular and graphical representations, highlight the pedagogical value of gamification in addressing motivational challenges and fostering meaningful learning. The study concludes that gamified quizzes serve not only as motivational tools but also as effective mechanisms to strengthen long-term knowledge retention in online English education. Implications for practice suggest that educators and digital learning designers should integrate gamification elements as a central feature of online platforms to optimize learner outcomes.

The human brain is a highly complex system whose dynamics cannot be fully understood through a single disciplinary perspective. This study aims to examine the synchronization of neural networks by combining theoretical physics, neuroscience, and computational methods. The research employed two main approaches: computer simulations based on the Kuramoto oscillator model and empirical analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data. The simulation modeled neural activity using a graph-theoretical framework, while EEG analysis provided time-series data of brainwave patterns. Both results were compared to validate the accuracy of the model. Findings show that synchronization levels from simulations closely resemble EEG data, with only minor differences across various frequency conditions. Notably, both results revealed a tendency for stronger synchronization at higher frequencies, indicating a collective mechanism of neural coordination. These results demonstrate that physics-based models can effectively represent biological phenomena, while empirical data ensures that the findings remain grounded in real neural dynamics. The integration of theoretical and empirical approaches highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in studying brain complexity. This research not only contributes to a deeper scientific understanding but also opens potential applications in neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and computational modeling. Overall, the study reinforces that interdisciplinary frameworks are essential for bridging abstract theories with biological realities.

This study aims to analyze management at Atlas Sport Club Surabaya, covering aspects of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using a survey focused on descriptive methods. The sampling technique used is snowball sampling, with subjects including HRD, the gym manager, fitness instructors, graphic designers, the head of marketing, and marketing communications. The instruments used include observation sheets, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted through steps of reduction and presentation to draw conclusions. The research findings indicate that: (1) Planning at the Fitness Center Atlas Sport Club Surabaya has been aligned with organizational goals. The plans include well-structured long-term and short-term work programs based on sports management principles. (2) The organizing aspect shows a harmonious working relationship between the manager, fitness instructors, and the front office, reflecting alignment with sports management practices. The organizational structure has been effectively coordinated, with the manager maintaining an open attitude and motivation to enhance the fitness center's well-being. Each employee performs tasks in accordance with the terms outlined in their contracts. Directing at the fitness center is effectively carried out through team formation that involves a personal approach to employees. (3) Employee direction can occur at any time by leaders, including the owner, manager, and HRD. Direction from the manager and HRD takes place daily via WhatsApp groups. (4) Supervision at the fitness center is conducted effectively. HRD and the team perform daily evaluations, while the manager conducts monthly evaluations alongside financial reports and target achievements.In conclusion, management at the Atlas Sport Club Fitness Center in Surabaya operates according to management functions. The study suggests that Atlas Sport Club should address infrastructure improvements for facilities that are beginning to deteriorate, and it is recommended that the fitness center add more equipment to support operations.

In this digital era, social media has become an important communication channel for brands, institutions and agencies. Visual Identity Design is important in a brand. Apart from a brand, a visual identity is also needed for an official institution or agency. The function of visual identity design is as a sign of ownership, a means of identity, a promotional tool, a characteristic, and as a sign of the integrity of a brand or agency. The Communication and Informatics Service is an agency that is overseen by a government agency. This agency should build an identity with the aim of having more integrity, consistency and professionalism in the eyes of the public. Application of supergraphics, namely graphic elements that creatively combine visual elements with the aim of giving a strong impression, attracting attention and building a professional image of the Diskominfo agency from other agencies.

In the accelerating digital age, video thumbnails have become an important element in attracting users' attention and encouraging further interaction. Video thumbnails play an important role as a visual attraction to attract the audience. Graphic design strategies focus on elements such as creativity, color, typography, and illustration to create interesting and informative video thumbnails. Experimental research methods are used to test the effectiveness of new video thumbnail designs in improving user retention. This research focuses on improving YouTube user retention through the introduction of an innovative graphic design approach to video thumbnails. Research results show that an innovative graphic design approach can significantly improve YouTube user retention, demonstrating the importance of the role of graphic design in the context of digital marketing and social media user interactions. This study contributes significantly to the practice of graphic design and digital marketers in optimizing the user experience through interesting and informative video thumbnails.        

Information is something that has a very high level of interest information in life. In line with the advancement of information and communication technology, new media has been created as an aspect of interaction and communication. In the process of communicating and disseminating information to the public, the internet becomes an indispensable thing. The reason is, the internet has an interesting program in the form of social media as a tool to spread information to the public. Facebook is one of the social media that people are interested in communicating and disseminating information. Facebook's social media provides a variety of feature options, such as status, photo and video sharing, user-created content. Status, photos, and videos features are commonly used to disseminate information. This form of information dissemination can be a digital design that includes graphic design, illustrations and communicative explanations. A communicative design is a design created to convey information. Where communicative design is absolutely necessary to disseminate information to the public. Communicative design contains valid, interesting, concise information but the information delivered remains easy to understand and clear. That's why information dissemination is well received by the public. This research aims to understand how communicative design should be used to optimize information dissemination on Facebook platforms and its impact on user responses to messages delivered to the Community.

Microsoft Word is an application that is already familiar to users. Microsoft is widely used to creted documents and edit documents .Microsoft Word is an application made by a company that is the name as the windows computer operating system. Microsoft Word ia a program or word  processing application, namely software, which has the funtion of creating writing documentsin various formats, such as papers, journal, reports amd so on. Microsoft Word is an application thet is ofthen referrend to as Ms Word or Word which has a main design called WYSIWYG ( What you see is what you get). with this design  Microsoft is able to display words written by its users and will appear as typed by the user, besides this design also has features such as copy, or copy paste. In its development, Microsoft can not only be used to procces words, but can also insert images, graphs and tables . in addition, its use can alsocreate text in various formants, namely italicized, bold, colored and underline words.In this article, we will discuss the basic formatting that can be used by those using Microsoft Word. This research also aims to provide an understanding of hoe to use basic Microsoft Word formatting and to make it easier for users, especially students.

The rise of Anxiety among adolescents to adults greatly affects their daily activities. Anxiety is a natural emotional response to pressure or situations that are perceived as threatening. This work aims to visualize the condition of anxiety as a form of mental illness that is often ignored, especially among teenagers and adults. Using stencil print graphic art technique, this work tries to express the symptoms of anxiety through visual symbols, such as facial expressions and objects that support the impression. The process of creating this work involves in-depth observation and literature review to enrich the understanding of the concept of anxiety. The author hopes that through this work, people can better understand the complexity and impact of anxiety, and the importance of maintaining mental health. This work is also expected to be a learning tool for the public in understanding mental issues.    

PowerPoint is software developed by Microsoft and is part of the Microsoft Office package. PowerPoint is designed for creating slide-based presentations. This PowerPoint is widely used in various fields, including education, business, and training, to convey ideas and information in a structured and engaging way. PowerPoint allows its users to create presentations using slides that can contain text, images, graphics and videos. In PowerPoint there are also features such as transitions, animations and templates which function to help enrich the appearance of presentations for its users.

This final work is inspired by the social changes that occur in society, especially in cities and villages, which are influenced by technological advances, social media, and tourism. The author raises the theme of the social gap between urban communities that are increasingly individualistic and village communities that still hold fast to solidarity. The visual inspiration comes from the behavior of Honeypot ants, which have a social structure and high cooperation ability in the colony. Through the stencil print graphic art technique, this work expresses the similarity of ant characters with human social phenomena, conveying the values of hard work, mutual cooperation, and solidarity. This work is expected to raise awareness about the importance of togetherness and mutual care in society, as well as a contribution to the study of graphic arts.      

This study examines the application of digital hand lettering combined with orchid floral motifs as an effort to create aesthetic and innovative visual artwork. The aim of this research is to explore digital hand lettering techniques and blend them with flora-based design elements, specifically orchids, which hold high artistic value and strong cultural symbolism. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, where data is collected through a literature review on hand lettering. The findings indicate that integrating orchid motifs into digital hand lettering not only enriches the visual appeal of the artwork but also adds unique and distinctive aesthetics. The resulting creations from this application have great potential for use across various media, such as posters, invitations, and commercial product designs. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the application of digital hand lettering with orchid motifs can serve as an intriguing alternative in modern graphic design, contributing to the development of creativity and innovation in the creative industry.

This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach to analyze the numeracy literacy ability of grade XII IPS-6 students at SMAN 1 Mojosari. The sample consisted of 34 students who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. This research began with the identification of the problem of low numeracy literacy in mathematics. A numeracy test in the form of 8 story questions related to statistics is given as a pretest to measure students' abilities. The data was analyzed using statistical tests with the help of SPSS to test the validity, reliability, and results of the pretest. The results showed that 73.53% of students were in the advanced category, and 26.47% of students were in the capable category. Students are able to do histogram-shaped problems well, but have difficulty in presenting data in polygon form. These findings support previous research that states that students often have difficulty processing information from graphs and tables. Other factors that affect students' ability to flip

In this modern era, preaching is not only done on the pulpit, but also through print and electronic media, especially social media such as Instagram. Many people are involved in spreading the preaching through these platforms. One form of interesting preaching content is motion graphic video, a combination of 2D animation representing moving infographics. Motion graphics combine elements of illustration, typography, photography, and videography with animation to strengthen the delivery of the message. This study aims to determine the preaching messages in the motion graphic videos uploaded by Ustadz Muhammad Nuzul Dzikri through the Instagram account @muhammadnuzuldzikri, which include the themes of faith, morals, and Islamic law. The method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques and observation of 9 motion graphic videos uploaded from December 2024 to January 2025.

Physics is a part of natural science that has the properties of processes, products and values. Most of the concepts of physics are formulas, but they can be tested through experiments. Along with technological developments in experiments often used technology-based aids, for example the use of PhET (Physics Education Technology) applications to determine gravitational acceleration through simple swivel arrangements. The simple rotation experiment was performed by giving variations in rope lengths of 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm, and 100 cm for each of the different bulk masses of 0.5 kg and 1 kg. The study aims to determine the value of gravitational acceleration in simple rotations using PhET applications. (Physics Education Technology). Research data is displayed in tables and graphs. The data analysis uses a linear regression equation between the length of the string (L) and the square of the period (T2). Large gravitational acceleration is obtained through the gradient of the linear equation of the longness of the rope (L). The magnitude of gravitational acceleration obtained for a 0.5 kg body mass was 9.50 m/s2, for a 1 kg body weight was 9.67 m /s2, and the average perception of gravity was 9.58 m / s2.

Tofu has become one of the most popular foods among the people of Indonesia. This encourages the existence of a growing tofu manufacturing industry. However, the growth of this industry also results in a lot of waste being generated. If the waste is not treated properly, it can cause pollution because it contains very high BOD and COD levels. One of the ways that researchers do is by utilizing local probiotic bacteria to help reduce BOD and COD levels. Data analysis in this study is in the form of statistical analysis, where statistical data will be presented with graph/diagram methods that show the results of differences in BOD and COD values in Tofu Industry Wastewater before and after treatment. Based on the results of the study, there was a significant decrease in BOD and COD levels due to the addition of local probiotic bacteria. The efficiency of the largest decrease in BOD levels was 79.88% in the sample variation with a probiotic content of 75% when the incubation time interval was 32 hours. Meanwhile, the largest decrease in COD levels also occurred in the same sample variation with an efficiency of 74.76%.    

The development of science and technology continues to grow very rapidly, meanwhile applications in the field of information technology have a major impact in various areas of life, one of which is in the creative industries such as advertising, billboards, graphic design, fashion and digital image processing. At this time graphic design skills are needed in various fields, to support business and organizational needs. On this occasion, we presenters from Universitas Potensi Utama use the CorelDraw application facility to create a Logo. The software used in this training is vector-based. So that the final results obtained are of better quality when enlarged / zoomed. So that the output target of this activity is that participants can implement graphic design both within the school environment in the form of making wall magazines or other announcements and can be implemented in the world of work related to graphic design. This activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of students in improving the quality of their ability to create attractive graphic designs so that participants can compete to meet the demand for job opportunities and also towards entrepreneurship. The materials given to participants include creating and completing logo designs for business or organizational needs.

Numeracy literacy skills are children's abilities to utilize, convey, and apply various numbers, number symbols, graphs, charts, tables, and the like to solve problems in everyday situations. The lack of learning effectiveness in the modern era in children's learning can be caused by several things such as the lack of teacher creativity in teaching, inadequate facilities. The hope of this research is to explore how effective the snakes and ladders method is in improving numeracy literacy in children aged 5-6 years. This research was conducted at the Mutiara Bunda PAUD, Jatisawit Village. The method applied by the author in this study is a qualitative method by taking reference sources from books, articles, journals, and previous research. The findings of this study explain that the use of the snakes and ladders game method can develop the effectiveness of learning for early childhood and can improve literacy skills and numeracy skills in early childhood. Based on the analysis, the snakes and ladders game can help children to be more effective during the learning process and can help children to be more active, and can solve every problem that occurs in the learning process so that children will be more interested and motivated to learn.

This study aims to investigate the influence of discipline on teacher motivation in public elementary schools in Makassar. The research employs descriptive and confirmatory approaches. The descriptive approach seeks to explain the data presented in tables, figures, and graphs, while the confirmatory approach is used to confirm the influence of exogenous variables (discipline, competence, and leadership) on the intervening variable (motivation) and the endogenous variable (performance). The research was conducted in 58 public elementary schools across three districts: Tallo, Ujung Tanah, and Wajo, with the study period estimated to last three months, from April to July 2024. The data types include primary data obtained through observations, questionnaires, and interviews with respondents, as well as secondary data from documents, reports, books, the internet, and related journals. From 300 respondents, the results indicate that the overall perception of motivation is positive, with an average score of 3.68. The indicators of attendance and active involvement received the highest score (3.75), followed by enthusiasm in teaching (3.77), while the indicators of energy in teaching (3.59) and the drive for student progress (3.64) received lower scores. These findings suggest that, although the majority of respondents agree that motivation is an important factor in performance, 18.48% of respondents do not fully agree. The study also found a positive and significant relationship between teacher discipline and their performance, mediated by motivation. Discipline helps teachers manage tasks and time effectively, which in turn enhances both motivation and performance. In conclusion, to improve teaching quality, it is essential for schools to support teacher motivation and discipline through professional development programs and to create a conducive environment.