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Riyan Pangestu; Rahmat Supriyatna; Achmad Lukman Hakim

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Gizi 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The hospital is a workplace that is very loaded with potential hazards to the health and safety of its workers, one of the hazards is fire. The risk of fire in hospitals has a fairly high level of danger compared to other places. Therefore, a fire management system is needed that can prevent and deal with fires such as management policies, organization and procedures, identification and analysis of fire risks, evaluation of fire risks, coaching and training, fire protection facilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between perceptions of the completeness of the fire safety system, knowledge and attitudes with fire risk preparedness at Tamansari West Jakarta Hospital in 2023. This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in August 2022─May 2023 at Tamansari Hospital, West Jakarta. The population of this study are employees who work in Tanabsari Hospital services. With the Slovin formula, the research sample was obtained, namely 114 respondents with the sampling technique used, namely purposive sampling. This study used the chi square statistical test using SPSS 22. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested on 10 respondents who were estimated to have good insight and in accordance with the theme studied in January 2023. The results showed that fire risk preparedness with statistical test results obtained a value continuity correction 1,000, knowledge obtained a value of 0.000 and attitude obtained a value of 0.023 (p-value <0.05). This value states that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes and fire risk preparedness, but there is no relationship between the completeness of the fire safety system and fire risk preparedness. It is hoped that they will be able to take part in Building Fire Safety Management training in order to increase their knowledge and attitude in fire emergency evacuation.

Masridha Masridha; Widya Dwi Syahprya; Yenni Samri Juliati Nasution

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The Covid 19 pandemic has also had a negative impact on the company, such as a decrease in share prices and financial performance, ehich can affect the company's value. Not a few of the company's employees were fired because of it. But why did so many people invest during the covid 19 pandemic? In fact, there has been an increase in the number of investors on the indonesian stock exchange market. In this study, we will idntify the factors that influence the increase in the number of investors on the indonesian stock exchange market. With qualitve research methods, descriptive, exploratory. The results of this study are that there are several factors that influence people to invest during the covid 19 pandemic, many people invest in pandemic conditions by conducting fundamental and technical analysis, conducting stock portfolios, choosing bussiness sectors that are still needed in pandemic conditions, and seeking the latest information issuer.

Hasna Hayba Silmiy; Annastasya Aulia Putri; Muhammad Alfiyan Fikri; Moch. Luqman Ashari

JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNIK INDUSTRI DAN INOVASI 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Fire is a condition that occurs due to the oxidation of three elements (fuel, oxygen and heat) which can cause property losses, injury to death. One of the places that is prone to fire is a coal storage warehouse, considering the characteristics of the materials stored in it. In order to reduce losses due to fires, an automatic sprinkler system is needed in the coal warehouse of a dairy production company to help extinguish the fire as soon as possible when a fire occurs. Based on these problems, this research will determine the number of sprinklers needed as an automatic extinguishing system as well as the volume of water, pump power, and groundwater tanks. This type of research is quantitative research by direct observation of the object under study, then the researcher measures the coal warehouse space using a building meter. From the results of calculations by taking a sample of the coal warehouse room of a dairy production company, the required number of sprinklers is 111, the required water volume is 399.6 ????3, the required pump power and ground water tank are, pump hydraulic power (HHP) 1.2910128 kW, pump shaft power (BHP) 1.7213504 kW, pump electric power (P) 3 kW, diesel pump (PpD) 2 HP, jocky pump (PJk) 0.3 kW, GWT capacity (QGWT) 17 m3.

Rusito; Rusito; Doni Marhab Prakoso Gasta Wijaya

Jurnal Elektronika dan Komputer 2023 STEKOM PRESS

Honey is a natural liquid that contains a lot of sugar produced by bees (genus Apis) from flower nectar and has a sweet taste. Honey contains a multitude of benefits that are good for the body, including being a source of nutrients, improving body metabolism, anti-bacterial, and others. The purpose of designing the Honey Harvest Monitoring System with ARDUINO-based IOT is to help breeders maximize honey harvesting results. This study aims to design an intelligent system for controlling the temperature in bee hives, humidity in bee hives, and monitoring honey yields, measuring the temperature and humidity of the storage room using DHT 11 sensors, and monitoring honey harvest time using Load Cell sensors. The temperature and humidity controller in the cage uses a blower/fan. Sensor data will be processed using the Wemos D1 R1 microcontroller and then sent to an Android application via the internet network using a real-time Firebase database so that it can be accessed anywhere and anytime. The way this system works is that if the room temperature is >38 degrees Celsius, the blower/fan will turn on, and will turn off if the temperature is 40%, the artificial window will open and will close if the humidity is

Agung Wirjawan; Hilman Iskandar; Hidayat, Rahmad; Dwiyanto, Dwiyanto; Ike Yuni Wulandari +1 more

JURNAL ILMIAH KOMPUTER GRAFIS 2023 UNIVERSITAS STEKOM

Internet connections that are not always stable and data security is not maintained from various threats from outside attacks in the form of hackers, crackers, viruses, and so on are the main problems for every client. Using the pfSense analysis method, this study aims to address the above bandwidth management and network security issues. The pfSense analysis that the researchers carried out included an analysis of total bandwidth usage, data security, and information for each client on the P3DW Internet network (Center for Regional Revenue Management) Bandung III Soekarno-Hatta City. The results of the analysis concluded that pfSense can work as a firewall that functions as a bandwidth limiter and network security. The level of client satisfaction increases with the infrastructure designs being tested. With a web GUI that makes it easy for users to configure, the basic system used is FreeBSD which is open-source, making pfSense able to be an alternative choice for building a firewall that is reliable, flexible, and economical.

Zidan Patrio; Agussalim Burhanuddin

JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The war between Russia and Ukraine has recently been in the international spotlight. One of the things seen is the weapons technology used. The modernization of weapons technology has prolonged the war on both sides. This article will discuss Javelin and NLAW which are types of portable anti-tank missiles and their use in the Russia-Ukraine war. Man-Portable Anti-tank Systems are shoulder-fired missiles that are used to destroy opposing tanks. Weapons such as the Javelin and NLAW are the result of the development of earlier versions of the Anti-Tank Guided Missile. These "fire and forget" type missiles such as the Javelin belong to the third generation ATGM system. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data will be obtained through literature studies from secondary sources such as books, documents, online articles, and media online. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that Javelin and NLAW missiles are very effectively used by Ukraine in repelling Russian tanks.

Nadia Putri Nilamsari; Ferida Yuamita

JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN, INDUSTRI, ELEKTRO DAN INFORMATIKA 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Adisutjipto Angkasa High School in the laboratory has a fire risk and has some carbon content in the air which disturbs the respiratory system of the laboratory users. As for the manufacture of smart door lock products that have an important function value, namely as a tool for emergency needs when work accidents occur in the chemical laboratory and physics laboratory environment. The method used in this study is usability using the Use Questionnaire with validity and reliability measurements. The population in this study was 72 students of Angkasa Adisutjipto High School and the sample of this study was 41 students of Angkasa Adisutjipto High School. The results of this study show that the R value with df=39 and the correlation is significant at the 0.05 level and 2-tailend is 0.3081. reliability test results with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.756.

Elias Binosa Nopecain; Tan Evan Tandiyono

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to prove and analyze the influence of non-physical work environment and workload have a significant effect on employee performance and job satisfaction at the Surabaya II Rayon Fire and Rescue Service; as well as to prove and analyze Job satisfaction has a significant effect on the performance of the Surabaya II Rayon Fire and Rescue Service employees. This type of research used is quantitative research. How to collect data using a questionnaire and using a Likert scale as an answer. Sampling using saturated samples and PLS as analytical tools. Source of data used is primary data. The sample population is the Surabaya II District Fire and Rescue Service employees. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the Non-Physical Work Environment has a significant effect on Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction at the Surabaya II Rayon Fire and Rescue Service; and Workload has no significant effect on Employee Performance, but Workload has a significant effect on Job Satisfaction of employees of the Surabaya II Rayon Fire and Rescue Service; and Job Satisfaction has a significant effect on Employee Performance at the Surabaya II Rayon Fire and Rescue Service. The advice given in this study, in order to increase Job Satisfaction, refers to previous research that by improving the Non-Physical Work Environment and Workload will increase Job Satisfaction and by improving organizational culture, work motivation and job satisfaction that occur, the performance of the Fire Department employees and Rescue Rayon Surabaya II, and are expected to be able to add or develop other variables apart from the variables used in this study which are thought to affect employee performance such as promotion, leadership, and others.    

Edy Soesanto; Alifah Jiddal Masyruroh; Ganis Aliefiani Mulya Putri; Srirahayu Putri Maharani

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Information security and asset protection have become top priorities in the banking industry today. Bank JABAR (Jawa Barat), as one of the leading banks in the region, also recognizes the importance of effective security management. The objective of this research is to examine the implementation of vital objects, file security, and cyber security at Bank JABAR. This research uses a descriptive analysis method by studying the policies and practices implemented by Bank JABAR in information security. Data collection techniques include documentation study and interviews that cover security policies, guidelines, and procedures at Bank JABAR.  The results of this research indicate that Bank JABAR has implemented vital objects by identifying critical assets or information and giving them appropriate protection priority. File security is implemented through strict access policies, data encryption, regular data backup and recovery, as well as secure data disposal. Cyber security is carried out through firewall policies, intrusion detection systems, continuous network monitoring, and regular system security updates. In conclusion, Bank JABAR has taken important steps in the implementation of vital objects, file security, and cyber security. However, there is a need for ongoing efforts to enhance security awareness, involve more intensive training, and adopt a proactive approach to information security.

Muhammad Fadhiil Alamsyah; Tri Putra Satriawan; Femmy Novica Ramadanis; Rahma Anugrah Mulyawan; Candra Edmond +1 more

Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The Mediterranean region, in particular Algeria, is experiencing serious challenges due to the increased opportunities for forest fires. Since the mid-1970s, there has been a 50% reduction in rainfall over northwestern Algeria, making northern Algeria particularly vulnerable to the problem for many years. More than 37,000 hectares of sensitive forest are lost every year due to this extreme drought. The findings of this study, which assessed the hazard of forest fires from 2006 to 2019, agree with those of Bentchakal,Chibane (2022), who examined the problems caused by forest fires in the region. The aim of this investigation is to gain a better understanding of the problems caused by local forest fires and to use that expertise to provide insight for the authors and readers of this report. The report was written by presenting the findings of observations made using the Rapid Miner classification approach, which includes the categorization of areas affected by forest fires. Data is collected using a variety of algorithmic techniques, including Naive Bayes, KNN, and decision trees, which are used as tests of data to identify the most accurate results. The findings show that the Decision Tree technique has the best accuracy of 86.49% and provides a thorough explanation of the data.

Retno Dewi Wijiastuti; Indriyani Hamzah

Transformasi: Journal of Economics and Business Management 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This study aims to determine the influence of Digital Marketing and Personal Selling to Decision Purchasing Insurance Policy PT. Askrindo Sorong Branch. This study has two independen variables is Digital Marketing and Personal Selling, while the dependent variable is Decision Purchasing The method used in this research is quantitative method with descriptive approach using data analisys, namely multiple linear regression analysis. Data were obtained by questioners that spread out to 60 customers of PT. Askrindo Sorong Branch which purchasing insurance policy (especially on Fire Insurance Policies). The sampling technique in this study is to purposive sampling approach. The result of the study concluded that Digital Marketing and Personal Selling partially and simultaneously had an effect on Decision Purchasing. The test results showed that the Personal Selling was the most dominant in this study. The coefficient of determination (R2) is equal to 0.283 or 28,3% the independent variables of digital marketing and personal selling affect a 28,3% on the dependent variable. While for the rest, 71,7% influenced or explained by other variabels not include in this study.

Irwanto Irwanto; Aditio Fahrul Anam

JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN, INDUSTRI, ELEKTRO DAN INFORMATIKA 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Perencanaan sistem istalasi fire fighting pada sebuah bangunan merupakan sebuah hal yang membutuhkan akurasi, hal tersebut diperlukan bukan hanya untuk mendapatkan efektifitas kinerja yang bagus, bnukan pula demi mendapatkan efisiensi ekonomis yang serendah-rendahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Adapun hasil yang didapat yaitu perancangan pada sebuah bangunan juga mempertimbangkan fungsi utama dari instalasi fire fighting yang akan di arahkan pada tata letak yang strategis pada bangunan tersebut, sehingga dapat di sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan. Regenerasi Water Treatment adalah proses pertukaran timbal balik antara ion yang terdapat di dalam air dengan ion yang ada pada resin, ion exchange resin penukar ion adalah suatu senyawa organic berstruktur tiga dimensi dengan ikatan silang dan mempunyai gugus-gugus fungsi yang dapat terionisasi,lalu hasil Regenerasi Purified Water System itu sendri dapat menghilangkan berbagai camaran (ion, bahan organik, partikel, mikroba,dan gas) sehingga air tersebut menjadi lebih jernih yang digunakan untuk produksi.    

Muhtar Lutfi; Dedy Rusmiyanto, S.Tr., M.T; Sunu Arsy pratomo, S.T., M.T

Jurnal Universal Technic (UNITECH) 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Kebakaran merupakan salah satu resiko yang dapat terjadi kapan saja dan dimana saja dalam setiap kegiatan pelayaran kapal laut. Kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kebakaran kapal ini pun menimbulkan kerugian finansial yang cukup besar bahkan bisa sampai memakan korban jiwa yang tidak sedikit. Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. 186/KepMen/1999 tentang unit penanggulangan kebakaran di tempat kerja, pasal 2 ayat 1 dan 2 mewajibkan kepada pengurus dan pengusaha untuk mencegah, mengurangi dan memadamkan kebakaran dan wajib memiliki unit penanggulangan kebakaran dengan tugas dan tanggung jawab masing-masing. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka diperlukanlah suatu sistem penanggulangan kebakaran di atas kapal yang mencakup sarana proteksi kebakaran, sarana pemadam kebakaran dan manajemen kebakaran di atas kapal. Variabel sarana proteksi kebakaran, sarana pemadam kebakaran dan manajemen kebakaran di atas kapal digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap sistem pemadam kebakaran pada kapal secara keseluruhan. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan software SPSS. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 42 orang dihitung menggunakan rumus slovin.  Hasil menunjukkan  bahwa  variabel  sistem proteksi kebakaran, peralatan pemadam kebakaran dan manajemen kebakaran secara parsial mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesesuaian sistem pemadam kebakaran dengan kontribusi sebesar 64,4%, sedangkan faktor-faktor lain diluar variable penelitian ini yang berpengaruh sebesar 35,6%.

Diana Novitasari

Konstanta : Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Waste oil treatment through the distillation method with the addition of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide media was successfully carried out. The purpose of this study was to obtain quality diesel fuel, study the effect of the concentration of chemical media used, and determine the effectiveness of using spritus substitute fuel. Waste oil treatment is carried out using a distillation method that involves the process of precipitation, filtration and addition of acid and alkaline media. After going through the processing process, the resulting products are analyzed and tested physically and chemically such as density, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, calorific value, and kinematic viscosity. The results of physical test research and parameters were obtained at optimum conditions of use using H2SO4 and NaOH concentrations of 6%. Physical tests obtained brownish-yellow fuel while parameter tests on density tests were 817 km/m3, specific gravity was 0.801, flash point and fire point were 61°C and 72°C,while kinematic viscosity was 4.99 m2/s. The results of this test show that the fuel obtained tends to have diesel quality, so that the fuel has the potential and effectiveness to be used as a substitute for spritus in patching motorcycle tires

Uci Permata Sari; Melia Afdayeni; Suriani Suriani; Kori Lilie Muslim

Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

This paper aims to look at the changes in the dress of school students in Solok Regency during the reign of Gumawan Fauzi. This change was motivated by the issuance of regional regulation letter No. 6 of 2002 concerning Muslim and Muslim women's clothing. This title was taken from 1995 to 2005. The type of research used is qualitative research. The method used in this research is historical research method using steps (1) heuristics or source collection (2) source criticism, (3) interpretation, (4) historiography. From the results of the research conducted, during the reign of Mr. Gamawan Fauzi found that there was a change in the form of dress for elementary school students in Solok Regency, this was caused by a circular issued by Mr. Gamawan Fauzi regarding the way elementary school (SD) students dressed. From 1995 to March 2002 the clothes worn by elementary school students were wearing short-sleeved shirts for both men and women and wearing short skirts for women while men for men also wore short pants and did not wear headscarves for women, whereas after being expelled regional regulation letter No. 6 of 2002, namely that there was a change in the dress of female and male students wearing long sleeves and long male skirts for female students and wearing headscarves while male students wore trousers. While the meaning of changing the clothes of school students is: This change of clothes also has a meaning which means to protect the private parts, especially for female students, to guard against disturbances that will damage the genitals and also by wearing closed clothes also avoid the fires of hell in the future and also fortify themselves and the next generation of the nation so that they do not fall into a culture that is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam

Alexander Halim Santoso; Octavia Dwi Wahyuni; Twidy Tarcisia; Denny Denny

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Geographically, the archipelago Indonesia is located on the Ring of Fire which is the meeting point of many tectonic plates. This condition causes Indonesia to be prone to earthquakes. The West Java Cianjur earthquake in November 2022 was a 5.6 MW earthquake with a depth of 10 km, which was caused by the movement of the Cugenang fault. Ciherang Village in the Pacet sub-district, Cianjur is one of the villages affected by the Cianjur earthquake. Victims of natural disasters are physically, psychologically and socially faced with very complex situations and circumstances. These problems cause stress for all residents and can cause hypertension. The purpose of this Community Service activity is to help ease the mental burden of Ciherang villagers who were affected by the earthquake. It is hoped that through this blood pressure measurement activity, the hypertension status of residents can be known. The results of blood pressure measurements showed that 9.7% had high blood pressure (130-139/85-89 mmHg) and 37.1% of residents had hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg).

Bella Shakilla Dinata; Eka Purnama Sari

Wawasan : Jurnal Ilmu Manajemenx, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahan 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

PT. Sinar Multi Proteksindo merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Fire Protection, Security Alarm & Safety Equipment yang menjual berbagai produk alat pemadam seperti Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR) dan Besar (APAB). Masalah yang terjadi yaitu penurunan omset penjualan yang disebabkan beberapa faktor diantaranya Ekuitas Merek yang belum terpenuhi dan Kualitas Produk yang masih jauh dari harapan pembeli. Ekuitas merek yang dimiliki tidak terlalu banyak dan tidak terlalu lengkap dan  Kualitas merek yang belum diketahui banyak pelanggan. Berdasarkan hasil uji SPSS pada data Anova dalam kolom Adjusted R Square = 0.790, maka seluruh variabel berpengaruh terhadap Variabel Kepuasan Pembeli sebesar 79% dan sisanya yaitu 21% dipengaruhi oleh Variabel lain di luar persamaan regresi ini atau Variabel yang tidak diteliti.    

Zelika Argyanti

Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

In everyday life, trucks are used to transport goods. Not infrequently seen a lot of use of trucks that exceed the carrying capacity. Accidents on the highway include the impact caused by trucks that are overloaded or overloaded. The purpose of this study is to reduce the risk of accidents due to overloading or overloading. The truck load monitoring system aims to make it easier for truck users to see the truck load weight directly through a smartphone with an application. In addition, users can also see the excess weight of the load and there is an overweight indicator in the form of a buzzer. With this system, users can reduce the risk of accidents on their vehicles. This system consists of a load cell sensor and HX711 module as a weight detector, NodeMCU as a microcontroller and data transmission, firebase as a database, and android studio as a container for creating applications. Payload weight data can be monitored remotely or close according to the principles of the Internet of Things (IoT). The results of this study indicate that the system works well with the sensor accuracy level on the prototype truck 1 and truck prototype 2 above 95%. Writing data on firebase, reading firebase through the application and testing the buzzer has a 100% success rate percentage. There is no diference transmission delay between serial monitor and firebase.

Alfredo, Milleano Jody; Sulistyo, Wiwin

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2023 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Keamanan jaringan menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting, terutama untuk sebuah organisasi yang menerapkan teknologi dan sistem informasi di dalamnya. Fakultas Seperti halnya yang terjadi di Fakultas Teknologi Informasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (FTI UKSW). Saat ini FTI UKSW menggunakan topologi jaringan dengan perangkat MikroTik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perancangan desain topologi berbasis Hierarchical Network Design dan dirancang dengan menggunakan pfSense Router Firewall. Perancangan sistem difokuskan untuk bagian traffic antara Distribution Layer dan Access Layer. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk mengamankan traffic jaringan dan memberikan proteksi secara langsung melalui Web Service pfSense. Di dalam pfSense Router Firewall, terdapat tools yaitu Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Snort yang berfungsi untuk membantu dalam memberikan action dan blocking jika terjadi ancaman pada jaringan. Dengan desain topologi yang diusulkan tersebut diharapkan dapat menghasilkan peningkatan keamanan jaringan komputer di FTI UKSW.

Rusito; Ilham Febrianto; Iman Saufik; Lukman Santoso

Jurnal Elektronika dan Komputer 2022 STEKOM PRESS

By looking at current technological developments that already use automatic sensors, the application of the concept to this system can be a solution for dealing with ornamental fish farming owners. In this research, a tool is made that can perform feeding, checking temperature, water turbidity, feed level, water level and water pump control, from this information will be sent to android by firebase automatically monitored and controlled anywhere via android. This tool is designed with ease of maintenance and is an extension of the existing tools. IoT technology is used to monitor online, based on Firebase and Nodemcu Esp8266. In this study, researchers used the research method of the Borg and Gall (1987) model from 10 steps to 6 steps. The results of this study were carried out by an expert validation test to get a value of 30 which means "Very Good (Valid)". While the effectiveness test by 10 users plus by experts and employee users get a total score of 35.16 which means the effectiveness test is classified as "Very Good (Valid)" it can be said that the new system is more effective than the old system.