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Immigrant children often face challenges in adjusting and adapting to new environments. This study analyses the adaptation process of the main character, Unhei, as an Asian American immigrant child in Yangsook Choi’s picture book The Name Jar. This study examines the challenges Unhei faces in The Name Jar as she attempts to adapt and maintain her identity in a new environment in America, including language barriers, cultural differences, and social interactions with peers. This study employs a qualitative method using text and illustration analysis based on the adaptation theory proposed by Lamme et al. (2004), which consists of three stages: making transitions, making connections, and becoming American. The findings show that Unhei experiences various challenges in adapting to her new environment, including language barriers, cultural differences, and difficulties in social interaction. Unhei undergoes three stages of adaptation; making transitions, making connections, and becoming American. In the making transitions stage, Unhei experiences confusion, insecurity, and difficulty adjusting to a new cultural and social environment. In the making connections stage, she maintains connections with her Korean identity through her family, language, traditional objects, and Korean food while gradually building relationships in her new environment. In the becoming American stage, Unhei begins to adapt to American society and develops confidence in accepting her Korean identity without abandoning her cultural background. Furthermore, Unhei’s experience reflects that adaptation does not always occur smoothly, but involves a process of self-negotiation in dealing with cultural differences. The adaptation process is dynamic and influenced by both internal and external factors, and positive social interactions can help accelerate successful adaptation in a new environment.

This study aims to explore issues faced by students and the contribution of guidance and counseling (BK) services in addressing various challenges at MTSN Cirebon. The issues studied include low levels of discipline, school withdrawal behavior, lack of learning motivation, and smoking habits among students. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive approach. Participants in the study consisted of BK teachers, students, and student organizations (OSIM and MPK) selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Its validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The findings of this study indicate that the issues faced by students are influenced by internal and external factors, such as lack of self-awareness, low learning motivation, environmental impacts, and excessive use of social media. BK services play a vital role in addressing these issues through preventive and curative approaches, as well as collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and school organizations. In addition, consistent discipline, engaging learning methods, and monitoring of student behavior are also crucial elements in problem-solving efforts. This research confirms that resolving student issues requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach across all parties within the school environment. Guidance and counseling services play a strategic role in supporting students in overcoming challenges and developing their full potential.

This study examines the role of QRIS as a non-cash payment system in supporting the digitalization of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The rapid growth of digital transactions has encouraged MSMEs to adopt more efficient, practical, and secure payment systems. This study aims to integrate the benefits and barriers of QRIS, map its position in the MSME digitalization process, and develop a conceptual framework for future research. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study design was employed, utilizing relevant academic sources related to QRIS, MSMEs, digital payments, and user behavior. Data were analyzed using content analysis by comparing, interpreting, and synthesizing findings from selected literature. The results indicate that QRIS contributes to simplifying transactions, improving operational efficiency, reducing cash dependency, and supporting MSMEs’ adaptation to digital payment trends. However, its implementation remains constrained by factors such as digital literacy, user readiness, trust, and infrastructural limitations. The study also highlights that QRIS adoption is influenced not only by technological advantages but also by perceived value and user trust. Therefore, QRIS can be positioned as a strategic instrument in accelerating the digital transformation of MSME payment systems. The findings imply the need for further empirical research to examine the direct impact of QRIS adoption on MSME performance and sustainability.

Bullying among adolescents is an aggressive behavior carried out intentionally, repeatedly, and involving an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is an important issue because it can affect adolescents’ psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic achievement in both the short and long term. This study uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing recent national and international studies regarding the causes, forms, and impacts of bullying. The findings indicate that bullying is influenced by internal factors, such as low empathy, poor self-control, negative self-concept, and the desire for social recognition. In addition, external factors also contribute, including parenting styles, peer influence, unfavorable school climate, and the development of social media that increases the risk of cyberbullying. The impacts of bullying are experienced not only by victims, who may suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, but also by perpetrators, who are at risk of developing persistent aggressive behavior and reduced empathy. Therefore, cooperation among families, schools, and communities is needed to prevent and address bullying effectively.

This study examines the politeness strategies used in interactions among sisters in Louisa May Alcott’s novel Little Women. Using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory as an analytical framework, this study identifies and classifies the forms of politeness strategies that emerge in the conversations of the four main characters: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy March. The research data consists of dialogic utterances purposively selected from the novel’s text. The results indicate that all four politeness strategies on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record are present in the interactions among the sisters, with positive politeness being the most dominant. The dominance of this strategy reflects the closeness of their relationship, solidarity, and mutual respect among the characters. Additionally, the choice of politeness strategies is also influenced by factors such as social distance, age differences, and situational context. This study contributes to the understanding of language use in a literary context, particularly in depicting the dynamics of family relationships through character interactions.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial skills on business success in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency. The background of this research is driven by fluctuations in MSME performance, unstable turnover, suboptimal management, low customer satisfaction, and limited practical skills and knowledge. This study utilizes a quantitative approach with a causal associative method. The population consists of all 3,705 active MSMEs in Aesesa District. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with specific criteria, and the sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error, resulting in exactly 100 respondents. Data collection was conducted via structured questionnaires with a 1–5 Likert scale. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests (multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and normality), multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination administered through SPSS. The multiple linear regression analysis yielded the equation Y = 12.450 + 0.412X1 + 0.385X2. The partial test (t-test) demonstrates that entrepreneurial knowledge has a positive and significant effect on business success (t count 4.120 > t table 1.984, sig 0.000). Entrepreneurial skills also exert a positive and significant impact on business success (t count 3.850 > t table 1.984, sig 0.000). Simultaneously (F-test), entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial skills have a significant combined effect on business success with F count 38.450 > F table 3.09. The coefficient of determination (Adjusted R Square) value of 0.442 indicates that the variation in business success is influenced by both independent variables by 44.2%, while the remaining 55.8% is explained by external factors outside this research model.

This  study  aims  to  determine  and  analyze  the  effect  of  service  quality  and  infrastructure  on  tourist  satisfaction  in  Mangrove  Watubaing..  The  background  of  this  study  is  based  on  fluctuations  in  the  number  of  visitors  to  Mangrove  Watubaing  tourism  and  the  gap  between  expectations  and  reality  felt  by  tourists  regarding  service  quality  and  tourism  facilities.  Service  quality  and  infrastructure  are  important  factors  in  creating  comfort  and  tourist  satisfaction  during  their  visit..  This  study  uses  a  quantitative  approach  with  causal  associative  research  type.  The  population  in  this  study  were  all  tourists  visiting  Mangrove  Watubaing.  The  sampling  technique  used  was  accidental  sampling  with  100  respondents.  Data  collection  techniques  were  carried  out  through  questionnaires,  interviews,  and  observations .  Data  analysis  techniques  used  are  descriptive  statistical  analysis,  validity  test,  reliability  test,  classic  assumption  test,  multiple  linear  regression  analysis,  t-test,  and  F-test  using  SPSS  program.  The  results  showed  that  service  quality  had  a  positive  and  significant  effect  on  tourist  satisfaction  with  a  significance  value  of  <  0.05  .  Infrastructure  also  has  a  positive  and  significant  effect  on  tourist  satisfaction  with  a  significance  value  of  <  0.05.  Simultaneously,  service  quality  and  infrastructure  have  a  significant  effect  on  tourist  satisfaction  with  an  F-count  value  >  F-table  and  a  significance  level  of  <  0.05  [cite:  uploaded:SKRIPSI  revisi  1.docx].  This  shows  that  the  better  the  quality  of  service  and  the  more  adequate  the  available  infrastructure, the level of tourist satisfaction will increase.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Digital visual marketing and Service Innovation, both partially and simultaneously, on the decision to rent Sikka traditional clothing at Meliana Collection. The background of this research is based on the unstable fluctuations in the number of rental transactions at the object of research, so a strategy is needed that can increase consumer appeal, especially through strengthening visual-based digital marketing and improving service quality. This study uses a quantitative approach with causal associative methods. The population in this study consists of all consumers who have rented traditional clothing at Meliana Collection. Determination of the number of samples was carried out using a probability sampling technique with the Slovin formula at a 10% error level, resulting in 88 respondents as the research sample. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires and further analyzed using descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test) using SPSS version 23 software. The results of the research partially (t-test) show that the Digital visual marketing variable has a positive and significant effect on rental decisions (t-count 2.955> 1.988; Sig 0.004). The Service Innovation variable also has a positive and significant effect on rental decisions and is proven to be the most dominant variable influencing consumer decisions (t-count 11.386 > 1.988; Sig 0.000). Simultaneously (F-test), the two independent variables have a significant combined effect on consumer rental decisions (F-count 77.606>2.71; Sig 0.000). The combination of the Digital visual marketing and Service Innovation variables contributes 64.6% (R Square 0.646) to rental decisions, while the remaining 35.4% is influenced by other factors or variables outside of this research model.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Diabetes mellitus, as a persistent non-infectious metabolic pathology increasingly prominent in the global epidemiological spectrum, is fundamentally characterized by dysfunctional hyperglycemia rooted in primary disruptions of pancreatic insulin hormone synthesis or peripheral resistance to its biological action, thereby inducing dynamic imbalances in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways; amid the hypothesis that body mass index (BMI) as a measure of central adiposity potentially mediates variability in serum glucose levels, this quantitative observational study with a cross-sectional design rigorously tests the causal relationship between BMI and fasting/random blood glucose concentrations in a cohort of 134 adult subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus affiliated with primary care services at Puskesmas Bongo II, Boalemo Regency, through an inclusive total sampling recruitment strategy, precision anthropometric measurement instruments (height, weight, WHO BMI categorization), and laboratory-validated glucometric validation, with multivariate inferential processing based on the Chi-Square independence test at a Type I error rate of α=0.05 using the latest edition of the SPSS analytical suite; the demographic profile highlights female gender supremacy (90 individuals, 67.2%), the normoweight group (78 cases, 58.2%), concurrent with substantial glycemic elevation prevalence (78 subjects, 58.2%), but the crucial statistical output reveals a p-value of 0.831 (>0.05) that negates any probabilistically meaningful association, thus the substantive conclusion affirms the non-significance of the BMI-glucose relationship in this local context, while implying the dominance of alternative etiopathogenic factors such as hypercaloric macronutrient intake patterns, deficits in aerobic/anaerobic physical activity, non-adherence to multidisciplinary pharmacological protocols (e.g., metformin/oral hypoglycemics), and a comprehensive management paradigm integrating behavioral education, continuous monitoring, and personalized interventions to mitigate long-term cardiovascular risks across the diabetes mellitus spectrum.

Diabetes mellitus, as a persistent non-infectious metabolic pathology increasingly prominent in the global epidemiological spectrum, is fundamentally characterized by dysfunctional hyperglycemia rooted in primary disruptions of pancreatic insulin hormone synthesis or peripheral resistance to its biological action, thereby inducing dynamic imbalances in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways; amid the hypothesis that body mass index (BMI) as a measure of central adiposity potentially mediates variability in serum glucose levels, this quantitative observational study with a cross-sectional design rigorously tests the causal relationship between BMI and fasting/random blood glucose concentrations in a cohort of 134 adult subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus affiliated with primary care services at Puskesmas Bongo II, Boalemo Regency, through an inclusive total sampling recruitment strategy, precision anthropometric measurement instruments (height, weight, WHO BMI categorization), and laboratory-validated glucometric validation, with multivariate inferential processing based on the Chi-Square independence test at a Type I error rate of α=0.05 using the latest edition of the SPSS analytical suite; the demographic profile highlights female gender supremacy (90 individuals, 67.2%), the normoweight group (78 cases, 58.2%), concurrent with substantial glycemic elevation prevalence (78 subjects, 58.2%), but the crucial statistical output reveals a p-value of 0.831 (>0.05) that negates any probabilistically meaningful association, thus the substantive conclusion affirms the non-significance of the BMI-glucose relationship in this local context, while implying the dominance of alternative etiopathogenic factors such as hypercaloric macronutrient intake patterns, deficits in aerobic/anaerobic physical activity, non-adherence to multidisciplinary pharmacological protocols (e.g., metformin/oral hypoglycemics), and a comprehensive management paradigm integrating behavioral education, continuous monitoring, and personalized interventions to mitigate long-term cardiovascular risks across the diabetes mellitus spectrum.

Homemade food is increasingly dominating the choices of consumers who are oriented towards a healthy lifestyle. However, the belief that self-cooking is synonymous with food safety is not always supported by scientific evidence. This Narrative Review aims to build an in-depth thematic synthesis of the various dimensions of food safety risks that arise in the process of preparing healthy homemade food, ranging from biological and chemical contamination, to human behavioral factors as the main agents of contamination. The study was conducted against seven reputable sources of scientific literature published between 2010–2025, including observational, experimental, cross-sectional, and review studies. Four main themes were identified: (1) risky behaviors in the household kitchen as the dominant factor; (2) unexpected cross-contamination pathways including table salt as a vector; (3) chemical and biological contaminants hidden in "healthy" materials; and (4) evidence-based interventions that have been proven to be effective. This review confirms that homemade food safety is a behavioral issue, not just a technical one, so the intervention approach must be multidimensional and sustainable.

In the field of education, cheating remains a critical issue of academic dishonesty. This phenomenon does not merely affect students' grades but also obstructs the development of core character values, including integrity, responsibility, and independence in the pursuit of knowledge. This article aims to analyze the factors influencing cheating behavior and evaluate various forms of intervention from the perspective of early detection of problematic behavior. This study employs a literature review method, examining 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. The findings reveal that cheating behavior is influenced by internal factors such as self-efficacy, self-control, self-confidence, religiosity, and self-esteem as well as external factors, including peer conformity, parental pressure, the learning environment, and evaluation systems. Effective interventions include group counseling services, classical guidance, modifications to evaluation systems, and the utilization of Artificial Intelligence-based technology to detect potential academic fraud. Consequently, efforts to prevent cheating behavior require a multidimensional approach involving students, teachers, parents, and school policies to cultivate an academic culture of integrity.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including the field of education, particularly Islamic Education. This study aims to explore various AI-based learning strategies that can be implemented to create a more effective, interactive, and contemporary learning process. The method employed in this study is a literature review by examining various scholarly sources, such as journals, books, and academic articles discussing the implementation of AI in education. The findings indicate that the integration of AI can be realized through personalized learning tailored to students’ needs, the use of chatbots as learning assistants, the analysis of students’ progress and learning outcomes, as well as the utilization of technology-based learning media. These strategies are not only capable of improving students’ cognitive aspects but can also strengthen the internalization of Islamic values when applied appropriately and systematically. Furthermore, this study emphasizes that teachers’ technological competence, infrastructure readiness, and the development of an adaptive curriculum are crucial factors in the successful implementation of AI-based learning within the context of Islamic Education.

This study explores the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer loyalty in high-contact service industries, including healthcare, hospitality, and financial services, particularly in emerging markets. Using the SERVQUAL model, which identifies five key dimensions tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy the research examines how these dimensions influence customer loyalty. A quantitative research design is employed, with data collected through a cross-sectional survey of 400 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study analyzes service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), regression analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Findings reveal that reliability and empathy are the most influential factors in fostering loyalty, with customer satisfaction acting as a mediator. Additionally, the research highlights the role of perceived value and customer experience in moderating these effects, particularly in sectors like healthcare and hospitality. The study extends the SERVQUAL model by integrating new dimensions such as customer experience and perceived value, offering a more comprehensive framework for understanding service quality in high-contact industries. These insights provide actionable recommendations for service managers to enhance customer loyalty by addressing both functional and emotional aspects of service quality

This study aims to investigate the influence of audit committee characteristics—including the proportion of independent audit committee members, audit committee size, and the frequency of audit committee meetings—on the risk of financial statement fraud in companies in the real estate and infrastructure sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024. This study is grounded in agency theory and signaling theory. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, involving 62 companies or 310 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression via SPSS version 27. The findings of the study indicate that, collectively, the three audit committee characteristic variables, along with the control variables, have a significant impact on financial statement fraud risk. However, when examined individually, the proportion of independent audit committee members, the size of the audit committee, and the frequency of audit committee meetings do not show an influence. Meanwhile, the profitability control variable (ROA) showed an influence on financial statement fraud risk. This study concludes that the extent to which an audit committee can prevent fraud depends not only on quantitative factors such as the number of members or meeting frequency, but is also more influenced by the quality of the audit committee members’ capabilities and commitment in carrying out their oversight duties.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of personal branding strategies implemented by Amry Sophia MUA and Lia Makeup through social media portfolios. The research used a qualitative approach with a comparative case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, digital observations on Instagram and TikTok accounts, and documentation of both participants’ portfolio content. Data analysis was conducted through verbatim transcription, thematic analysis, and triangulation between interview results and digital observation findings. The results show that Amry Sophia MUA builds personal branding through a consistent visual identity characterized by a modern glam look and Thailand makeup style that appears soft, flawless, and elegant. The target market is more focused on wedding makeup and young adult brides-to-be. Meanwhile, Lia Makeup presents a flawless natural look that is more flexible and suitable for a wider audience. Lia Makeup is also supported by a media team, making the content management more structured and consistent. Both MUAs use Instagram as a visual portfolio platform and TikTok as a medium to show makeup processes, tutorials, and audience interaction. In addition, quick responses, customer testimonials, and authenticity are important factors in building trust and a professional image on social media. Therefore, this study indicates that strong personal branding can be developed through visual consistency, appropriate content strategies, audience segmentation, and effective communication with potential clients.

Stunting is a major indicator of chronic nutritional problems that affect children’s growth and development. In Indonesia, stunting prevalence remains high and is a national public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic factors and stunting incidence among toddlers in the working area of the Tanoh Alas Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency, in 2025. This study used an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 93 mothers with children under five selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets from June 19 to July 3, 2025. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that 33.3% of children were stunted, 34.4% had poor access to health services, and 68.8% lived in unhealthy housing conditions. Bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between maternal age (p = 0.007), maternal education (p = 0.012), maternal occupation (p = 0.002), access to health services (p = 0.001), family income (p = 0.032), and healthy housing conditions (p = 0.007) with stunting incidence. Multivariate analysis revealed that access to health services was the strongest factor associated with stunting (p = 0.010; OR = 4.294; 95% CI: 1.411–13.06). Children with limited access to health services were 4.3 times more likely to experience stunting. The study recommends improving the accessibility and quality of maternal and child health services and strengthening multisectoral interventions and health education programs to prevent stunting.

This community service activity focused on waste management and composting in elementary schools. Daily activities in schools generate organic and inorganic waste, which, if not managed properly, can cause environmental pollution and increase the risk of health problems. Students' lack of knowledge and habits in sorting and processing waste is one of the contributing factors to this problem. Therefore, early environmental education is needed to foster caring and responsible behavior in waste management. Improving students' knowledge and skills in sorting waste and processing organic waste into compost is an effort to create a clean and environmentally friendly school environment. The activity was carried out over one day through counseling, interactive discussions, demonstrations, and hands-on practice of waste sorting and making simple compost using presentation media and real-world examples. Students demonstrated active and enthusiastic participation throughout the activity. There was an increase in understanding of the types of waste, the importance of proper waste management, and the stages of composting. Students were able to practice sorting organic and inorganic waste and understand the basic process of composting. This activity was effective in increasing students' knowledge, awareness, and skills related to waste management and composting. The combination of interactive outreach methods and hands-on practice contributes to fostering environmentally conscious behavior and supporting the creation of a clean, healthy, and sustainable school environment.