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This study is motivated by the challenge of economic independence for Islamic boarding schools amid the transformation of their role in the modern era. Islamic boarding schools no longer function solely as traditional Islamic educational institutions, but have also developed as centers for economic and social empowerment of the community. However, dependence on uncertain external funding sources has prompted the need to develop a sustainable economic ecosystem for Islamic boarding schools in order to strengthen the independence of these institutions. This study aims to explore the development of Islamic boarding school financing management based on economic independence. This study uses a qualitative approach, with an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. The research method uses Research and Development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) development model. The results of the study found that: 1) Financial management in two Islamic boarding schools has been carried out systematically through planning, funding diversification, governance, and continuous evaluation with a contextual approach. 2) The development of financial management has shifted from an administrative function to an economic independence strategy based on the integration of modern governance and Islamic boarding school values.

Multicultural counseling in schools serves as an essential strategy to reduce conflicts and foster cultural awareness among students. Counselors play a central role by developing their own cultural competence, facilitating students’ reflection on their cultural identities, providing education on stereotypes and biases, creating safe spaces for cross-cultural dialogue, and strengthening institutional capacity through collaboration with teachers and parents. This counseling strategy emphasizes understanding the values, norms, and power dynamics of each cultural group to ensure interventions are both effective and culturally sensitive. An inclusive learning environment supports this process by offering written policies, curricula that reflect diversity, dialogue forums, and cross-cultural activities. The evaluation process involves establishing clear objectives, quantitative and qualitative indicators, and mixed methods, including surveys, discussions, and direct observations, with participation from counselors, teachers, principals, parents, and student representatives. Local adaptation of instruments, continuous monitoring, and systematic documentation ensure data validity and the sustainability of behavioral changes. Evaluation results form the basis for concrete recommendations, such as counselor training, inclusive curriculum development, and programs to strengthen cross-cultural relationships. This approach enables schools to cultivate a culture of empathy, understanding, and harmony, thereby enhancing relationships among students from diverse backgrounds.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged public institutions to adapt their communication strategies to social media platforms. This study aims to analyze the digital communication strategy of Perumda Transpakuan Bogor through TikTok as a medium for public service communication. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation of the official TikTok account, in-depth interviews with the Public Relations Division, and documentation. The findings show that Perumda Transpakuan Bogor applies three main pillars in its TikTok communication strategy: setting communication objectives, developing a light and informative communication style, and maintaining content consistency through a monthly content plan. The role of the Social Media Specialist is central in managing production stages from pre-production to post-publication by aligning creative trends with institutional messages. The results also reveal that TikTok effectively increases public awareness and engagement through interactive, educational, and entertaining content. This research implies that strengthening digital communication capacity and continuous evaluation of media strategies are essential for improving public service innovation and institutional credibility in the digital era.

Canine dwarfism is a growth disorder resulting from physiological dysfunction within the endocrine system, primarily due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency commonly caused by abnormal pituitary development. GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) play essential roles in regulating the growth of bones, muscles, skin, and internal organs through the hypothalamic–pituitary–liver axis. Under normal conditions, the hypothalamus controls GH secretion, which subsequently stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1 as the main mediator of growth. Genetic abnormalities such as LHX3 mutations can impair somatotroph cell differentiation and reduce GH production, ultimately leading to decreased IGF-1 levels. The deficiency of these hormones disrupts chondrocyte proliferation in the epiphyseal plates, decreases muscle protein synthesis, and negatively affects the development of tissues such as skin, hair, and reproductive organs. This study was conducted using a literature review method by searching scientific databases and selecting relevant publications addressing the physiological, clinical, and pathophysiological aspects of canine dwarfism. Literature analysis indicates that GH deficiency leads to clinical manifestations such as stunted body size, thin and easily shedding hair, dry and infection-prone skin, reduced muscle mass, metabolic disturbances, and delayed reproductive maturation. Diagnosis is established through clinical evaluation, IGF-1 measurement as an indicator of GH activity, and radiographic assessment of epiphyseal plate development. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between physiological abnormalities and clinical signs is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of dwarfism, providing a strong scientific foundation for understanding the hormonal mechanisms disrupted in this condition.

This study aims to analyse the design and optimization of digital marketing to increase the brand awareness of the IdRink MSME through the integration of a website and Instagram. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), combined with prototyping techniques and evaluation through blackbox testing. Data were collected through interviews, literature review, observation, Google Analytics, Instagram Insight, and A/B testing questionnaires administered to 100 respondents. The results show that the development of a WordPress-based website and a structured Instagram content plan significantly improved IdRink’s digital performance. Within one month, the audience growth rate increased by 256%, average post reach reached 216%, and website traffic recorded 298 users. Brand awareness measurement indicated brand recognition of 74% and brand recall of 79%, higher than the comparison brand in the local beverage category. These findings indicate that integrating a website and Instagram as a digital marketing strategy is effective in moving IdRink from the unaware-of-brand stage to recognition and recall, expanding market reach, strengthening customer engagement, and building a more professional brand image among young urban consumers. The study recommends maintaining content consistency and utilising digital analytics to support future marketing decision-making.

The growing demand for integrated Islamic schools to deliver high-quality education that emphasizes both academic excellence and character development has encouraged the adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM) as a modern and relevant management approach. TQM is considered appropriate because it highlights continuous improvement, active involvement of all school members, and a strong focus on customer satisfaction within the educational context. This study aims to analyze the implementation of TQM in improving school quality at three integrated Islamic junior high schools: SMP IT Al-Khoiriyyah, SMP IT Nurul Islam, and SMP IT Baitul Anshor. The research employed a qualitative method using a multi-case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis involving principals, vice principals, teachers, educational staff, students, and parents. Data analysis followed the stages of reduction, presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that TQM implementation in all three schools followed four main stages: planning, organizing, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. During planning, TQM principles were embedded in School Work Plans, the PDCA cycle was applied, and stakeholders were actively involved. Organizing focused on quality-based structures, clear task distribution, and teamwork. Implementation included quality-oriented learning, teacher development, extracurricular activities, and integrated Islamic programs, while monitoring involved supervision, internal audits, evaluation meetings, and feedback systems. Supporting factors included visionary leadership, Islamic work culture, and parental support, while challenges involved limited facilities, uneven teacher competencies, and heavy workloads.

This study aims to evaluate the Resource Development and Installation (RDI) technique to reduce symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in female victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence (which falls under the category of intimate partner violence/IPV) is a global public health problem that contributes significantly to women's mental health disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent systematic evidence shows a strong association between various forms of IPV and adverse mental health outcomes in women, with large variations in prevalence across contexts. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) is a psychological stabilization procedure within EMDR aimed at generating positive resources in individuals exposed to traumatic experiences. The research method used in this study was multiple baseline with a single case (single case research), namely research conducted on subjects with the aim of determining the magnitude of the effect of treatment given repeatedly over a certain period. This study involved three adult female participants who experienced trauma symptoms due to violence perpetrated by an intimate partner in a domestic context. The data analysis technique used in this study was visual inspection by comparing changes in trauma scores in respondents between the baseline and intervention phases. Trauma symptoms were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). There was a decrease in HTQ scores from an average of 2.9 (presence of PTSD symptoms) before the intervention to 2.1 (minimal). Resources Development and Installation were effective in reducing trauma symptoms in female victims of violence. This was evident in the decrease in trauma symptom scores between before and after the provision of Resources Development and Installation to female victims of violence.

This study aims to analyze the practice of price determination in the buffet system without price labels at Café Santiniketan, Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, Campus 4 Banyuwangi, from the perspective of mashlahah mursalah and Islamic economic principles. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documentation. The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Café Santiniketan has implemented the principles of fairness, honesty, and transparency in its transaction system. Payments are made before consumption to avoid elements of uncertainty (gharar), while pricing is based on the types of food selected and mutual consent (al-ridha). The buffet system provides flexibility for consumers to choose menu portions according to their needs. This practice aligns with the concept of mashlahah mursalah because it provides benefits for public interest and supports the economic independence of the pesantren community. However, challenges arise regarding the inconsistency between price and portion size, which has led to criticism from some customers. This condition highlights the need to improve price clarity to ensure compliance with the principle of fairness in Islamic economics. Overall, the implementation of the buying and selling system at Café Santiniketan has demonstrated good sharia-based economic practices, yet requires ongoing evaluation and development to ensure trust and customer satisfaction.

One persistent challenge in Indonesian education is the insufficient internalization of character values among students, which can affect the overall quality of graduates. This study aims to explore the management of character education in enhancing graduate quality at Al-Ittihad Senior High School Cianjur and Ciranjang 1 Public Senior High School. The research adopts a qualitative approach using a multi-case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of character education practices in both institutions. The findings indicate that both schools emphasize the development of strong academic character and religious or moral awareness, although through different approaches. Al-Ittihad Senior High School integrates the national curriculum with Islamic boarding school values through boarding programs, structured worship routines, and daily religious habits. In contrast, Ciranjang 1 Public Senior High School implements character education based on its BIJAK’S vision, which is embedded in intracurricular and extracurricular activities as well as positive daily habits. Organizationally, Al-Ittihad involves close collaboration between the principal, teachers, and boarding school supervisors, while Ciranjang 1 relies more on a formal public school structure, with the vice principal for student affairs and supervising teachers playing key roles. Implementation at Al-Ittihad is centered on boarding school life, whereas Ciranjang 1 focuses on the BIJAK’S program emphasizing discipline, achievement, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Supervision and evaluation at Al-Ittihad are conducted intensively by teachers, dormitory supervisors, and parents, while Ciranjang 1 applies regular teacher meetings, program evaluations, and parental involvement to monitor character development.

This study aims to develop an innovative learning medium in the form of a board game titled “ReproQuest: Adolescent Reproductive Health” to introduce and enhance students’ understanding of adolescent reproductive health at SMP Negeri 16 Kota Serang. The development process employed the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with eighth-grade students as research subjects selected through purposive sampling. The stages included analyzing student needs, designing an interactive game concept, and conducting feasibility and effectiveness tests. The feasibility assessment results showed an average score of 86.3% (categorized as highly feasible), consisting of 72.87% from linguists, 92.85% from media and material experts, and 87.5% from practitioners. A limited trial involving 10 students demonstrated improved understanding of reproductive health, with 70% of students achieving a moderate level and 30% reaching a high level of comprehension. These findings indicate that the “ReproQuest” board game is feasible, engaging, and effective as a learning medium and guidance tool to promote reproductive health education among adolescents. Moreover, it serves as an enjoyable and participatory learning alternative that fosters positive attitudes and awareness of reproductive health among junior high school students.

The implementation of Biology learning in senior high schools still faces various challenges, particularly the limitations of laboratory facilities and the low level of students’ science process skills(KPS). KPS  is an essential ability that supports conceptual understanding and critical thinking development through practical activities. This community service program aimed to improve students’ basic laboratory skills and KPS through hands-on training. The program was conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Kuningan University, involving students from SMAN 1 Ciwaru. The methods included socialization, laboratory equipment training, preparation of practical materials, animal dissection training, application of virtual laboratory technology, and mentoring and evaluation sessions. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ abilities to use laboratory tools, prepare materials, and perform experiments according to scientific procedures. Before the training, only 32% of students were able to use laboratory equipment correctly, while after the training, this increased to 84%. The average scores for observation, measurement, data interpretation, and scientific communication also improved significantly. Furthermore, a satisfaction survey revealed an average score of 4.6 out of 5, with 92% of participants stating that the activity was very beneficial. This program proved effective in enhancing students’ basic laboratory and science process skills, providing meaningful, applicable, and sustainable science learning experiences. Keywords: : training, basic skills, laboratory, science process skills, biology.  

Learning evaluation is an important element in the educational process because it allows us to determine the extent to which students have achieved their competencies and helps improve the quality of learning. Objective tests are considered relevant because they can measure students' thinking abilities efficiently and systematically. However, in PAI learning, there are challenges because what is assessed is not only knowledge, but also understanding, attitudes, and actions in religion. This study aims to analyze the application of objective test instruments in evaluating PAI learning at SMA Negeri 1 Jetis Bantul, including how teachers create questions, the difficulties they encounter, and the impact on students. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation techniques, then content analysis is used to analyze the results. The findings indicate that teachers have applied HOTS-based questions in accordance with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum. However, students still have difficulty understanding long narrative questions, and objective instruments are not appropriate for assessing affective aspects. In general, students respond positively, but their learning style tends to be instant, relying solely on question outlines. To achieve holistic educational goals in line with the Pancasila Student Profile, continuous innovation is needed in the development of objective testing instruments that are capable of comprehensively measuring cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects.

Learning evaluation is an essential component of the Islamic education system as it serves to assess the achievement of learning objectives and measure students’ development. This study aims to examine the concept of learning evaluation according to the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam and its relevance in modern educational contexts. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study method, using sources from hadith collections, Islamic education books, and scientific journals. The findings reveal that the Prophet’s hadith provides a strong foundation for the implementation of learning evaluation based on three main domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Furthermore, the hadith emphasizes sincerity, justice, and exemplary behavior as essential principles in the evaluation process. The implementation of these values in modern education requires teachers to assess not only academic performance but also students’ moral and spiritual aspects. Thus, learning evaluation based on hadith serves as guidance for achieving a balanced education between knowledge, morality, and skills.

The young generation has a strategic role in social development, especially in strengthening leadership values and national character. However, in this modern era many young people have experienced a decline in the spirit of mutual cooperation, social care, and responsibility for the community environment. Based on these conditions, this community service activity was carried out with the aim of fostering the leadership character of the younger generation through the Karang Taruna organisation in Kadipaten Village, Andong District, Boyolali Regency. The activity methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, leadership simulations, and value reflections with a participatory approach. This activity was attended by 25 Karang Taruna members and was held for two days. Evaluation was conducted through observation, questionnaires, and interviews to measure the improvement of participants' understanding, attitudes, and leadership behaviour. The results of the activities showed a significant increase in the participants' understanding of leadership concepts, communication skills, teamwork, and sense of social responsibility. Participants also began to show initiative in designing and implementing social programmes in the village. In addition, this activity strengthens the role of Karang Taruna as a forum for character and leadership development at the village level. In conclusion, leadership character development through educative and participatory approaches has proven to be effective in developing youth leadership with integrity, visionary, and orientated towards social values. This activity is expected to be a model of youth capacity building that can be replicated in other villages.

This research aims to: (1) differentiated biology learning tools with ethnoscience content, (2) determine the practicality of differentiated biology learning tools with ethnoscience content and (3) determine the effectiveness of differentiated biology learning tools with etnoscience content in improving critical thinking skills and environemantal literacy of phase E student. This study is a development research using the Design and Development Research model, which adopts the ADDIE development model comprising five stages: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The research method used is the Quasi-Experimental Design with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design approach. Data analysis includes normality tests, Levene's homogeneity test, and the Normalized Gain Score (N-Gain Score) test. The limited trial involved 30 eleventh-grade students from SMA Negeri 1 Simpangkatis. The field trial involved tenth-grade students from the same school, consisting of 31 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. The data collection instruments consisted of questionnaires to gather responses from experts, teachers, and students regarding the biology learning tools, as well as tests to measure students' critical thinking skills and environmental literacy. Instrument validity was ensured through content validation by subject matter experts and media experts. The practicality of the learning tools was evaluated based on feedback from teachers and students. The results of the study showed that: (1) the developed biology learning tools were rated as highly feasible by experts; (2) the tools were considered highly practical by both teachers and students; and (3) the tools were effective in improving students' critical thinking skills and environmental literacy. This effectiveness was supported by the average gain score analysis in the experimental class, which was 0.71 for critical thinking skills (high category) and 0.57 for environmental literacy (moderate category).

In the digital era, the demand for practical and efficient security systems has significantly increased, particularly in the context of access control for restricted rooms or buildings. This research aims to develop an automatic door locking system utilizing an RFID card and a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology through real-time notifications using the Telegram application. The system is designed to replace conventional locking methods that often present various weaknesses, such as key loss, physical duplication, and lack of remote access capabilities. The development method employed is the Research and Development (R&D) approach, consisting of needs analysis, system design, hardware and software implementation, followed by testing and evaluation. The main components used in the system include the RC522 RFID reader for user identification, Espressif manufactures the ESP-32 microcontroller, which is equipped with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to enable wireless internet connections. NodeMCU ESP32 as the control center and internet connector, a relay module as an electronic switch, and a solenoid door lock as the actuator. The results show that the system is capable of accurately reading RFID card UIDs, granting access to registered cards, activating the solenoid to unlock the door, and sending access status notifications to Telegram in an average of less than three seconds. The system also effectively denies access to unregistered cards and sends warning messages accordingly. Therefore, this system enhances the security and efficiency of room access control and has the potential to be adopted as a prototype solution in the development of smart homes or modern access control systems.

Digital transformation in the Industry 4.0 era has accelerated changes in consumer behavior and intensified competition in online markets. Under heterogeneous and increasingly saturated conditions, mass-marketing approaches become less effective, making niche market strategies more relevant as a path to differentiation. This article aims to formulate a systematic framework for independently building a niche market in the digital era through a synthesis of academic literature and a practical social-media case. The study uses a conceptual literature review integrating niche marketing theory, niche success characteristics, and social media marketing dynamics. The review indicates that effective niche market development follows sequential stages: (1) identifying specific market needs/problems, (2) designing a relevant product/service solution, (3) sharpening the target into a clearly defined niche, (4) formulating a unique selling point (USP) and value proposition, (5) conducting small-scale validation through a portfolio/MVP, (6) executing social media marketing, (7) maintaining consistent content and digital branding, and (8) performing continuous adaptive evaluation. The @foodish_mks case reinforces that content consistency and social-media utilization act as key mechanisms linking digital marketing intensity to niche success. This article contributes a cross-sector niche-building roadmap aligned with algorithmic, community-based digital platforms, and proposes a testable hypothesis model (H1–H6) for future empirical validation.

Syndrome is a serious problem in children's health because it has a major impact on growth and development, especially in terms of intelligence and daily activities. Down Syndrome, as one of the most well-known chromosomal disorders, is often the main cause of intellectual developmental disorders, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, early onset of Alzheimer's disease, and various behavioral disorders. Diagnosing syndrome diseases in children is often difficult due to complex and varied symptoms, requiring lengthy, costly, and time-consuming medical evaluations. This study aims to design a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)-based expert system for diagnosing syndromes in children, which is expected to help accelerate the disease identification process and provide more effective and efficient solutions. The method used is the development of an expert system with a CBR approach, in which the system performs calculations and matching based on the symptoms selected by the user against the available case base. The results of the study show that from symptom inputs such as wide hands with short fingers, short stature, small head, stunted growth, small lower jaw, abnormal body appearance, and weak joints, the system was able to diagnose Klinefelter syndrome with a percentage of 43.58%. This system can be an alternative for patients or families who have limited time and funds to obtain medical consultations, so that diagnosis and follow-up can be carried out more quickly and efficiently.

The purpose of this activity is to socialize disease management and demonstration plots for making simple herbal remedies for native chickens in Liang Village, Salahutu District during the rainy season. This activity was carried out in Liang Village, Salahutu District, which took place in September 2025. The target of this activity is native chicken farmers in Liang Village, Salahutu District. The implementation of this PKM activity includes 3 stages, namely: preparation, implementation and monitoring evaluation. The results obtained from the PKM activity are the implementation of socialization activities and demonstration plots for making simple herbal remedies for farmers in Liang Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency. Socialization related to types of diseases, treatment and prevention of diseases in native chickens. The conclusions that can be conveyed are as follows: increased knowledge about the introduction of native chicken diseases and their prevention, the creation of motivation for business development because they have the right knowledge about the advantages of raising native chickens, increased knowledge and skills about making and administering simple herbal remedies to native chickens, increased knowledge and desire to try native chicken farming as a source of nutritious food and can increase family income, and low mortality rates of native chickens in the rainy season.

Digital transformation has revolutionized Islamic da'wah and counseling services, providing opportunities to reach a wider audience, especially millennials and Gen Z. This study aims to examine digital content innovation and creation that can improve the effectiveness of da'wah and counseling. The method used is a literature review with content-based data analysis, which identifies themes, patterns, and meanings from journals, books, and related digital documents. The results show that digital audiences tend to prefer content that is concise, visual, and easily accessible. Therefore, an effective content development model must encompass research, scripting, production, evaluation, and the selection of an appropriate distribution platform. In digital counseling services, aspects of ethics, privacy, and data security are crucial to maintain user trust. Furthermore, the integration of da'wah messages with counseling in a single platform is considered effective in simultaneously meeting the spiritual and psychological needs of the community. Challenges faced include information overload, misinformation, low digital literacy, and the risk of data breaches. In conclusion, the success of digital da'wah and counseling depends on understanding the audience and implementing a creative and ethical model, to provide a sustainable positive impact.