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Tobacco is a leading commodity that forms the foundation of the rural economy, but its cultivation faces challenges in the form of labour intensity, significant capital requirements, and farmers' lack of understanding of systematic cost structures. This study aims to analyse the production cost structure and evaluate the economic efficiency of tobacco farming managed by the Batu Daun Farmer Group in Batuan Village, Sumenep Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the head of the farmer group, field observations, and analysis of financial documents as secondary data. The analysis focused on identifying fixed and variable costs, as well as evaluating economic performance using the Break Even Point (BEP) and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) indicators. The results showed that the total production cost was IDR 28,597,500 (fixed costs of IDR 3,450,000 and variable costs of IDR 25,147,500) for the production of 2,800 kg of tobacco with a gross income of IDR 70,000,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.44 (>1) indicates that the business is operating efficiently and profitably, while the BEP of 215.4 kg shows that actual production far exceeds the break-even point, meaning that the business is in an economically safe zone. The results of the study conclude that the tobacco farming business of the Batu Daun Farmer Group is economically viable and efficient.

Open-pit mining activities in Indonesia contribute significantly to the national economy but require stringent monitoring to mitigate environmental degradation. Conventional monitoring methods relying on terrestrial surveys are often constrained by vast coverage areas, high operational costs, and limited field accessibility. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence model capable of automatically detecting and mapping mining areas to enhance surveillance efficiency. The applied method is Deep Semantic Segmentation utilizing the U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. The model was trained using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, focusing exclusively on Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) spectral channels to replicate human visual perception. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model performs reliable segmentation of mining areas, achieving an Accuracy of 93.58% and a Global Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.8067. These findings indicate that the U-Net architecture can effectively extract spatial features of mines even when utilizing standard visual data. This research contributes to the development of an efficient, cost-effective, and scalable digital monitoring prototype to support innovation in sustainable environmental governance.

This study discusses clause structures in online news articles published by Detik.com, highlighting the issue of UNNES student Iko Juliant Junior in September 2025. The background of this research lies in the importance of understanding how digital media utilize language structures to convey information effectively, concisely, and objectively. In the context of online journalism, the selection and arrangement of clauses play a crucial role in shaping clarity, focus, and meaning as perceived by readers. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and types of clauses used in news texts and to explain their functions in maintaining the accuracy and credibility of information delivery. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a focus on syntactic studies. The data consist of clauses found in Detik.com news articles published in September 2025, analyzed based on their syntactic components: subject, predicate, object, complement, and adverbial. The findings show that the clause patterns of Subject–Predicate (S–P) and Subject–Predicate–Object (S–P–O) are the most dominant, with verbal predicates appearing most frequently. These patterns reflect the efficient, factual, and easily understood style of online journalistic language. This study contributes to the development of syntactic research and serves as a practical reference for journalists and readers in understanding effective language use in digital media.

The growth of the culinary industry requires small-scale food businesses to implement effective and efficient operational management. This study analyzes the optimization of operational management at Teen Canteen by examining the use of digital systems, staff performance, the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and operational constraints. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The informant was purposively selected, namely the Head Bar, who is directly involved in daily operational activities. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate that Teen Canteen’s operational management has not been optimally implemented due to the discontinuation of digital cashier systems, reliance on manual transaction and inventory records, and inconsistent SOP implementation. Although staff performance is generally adequate, issues related to discipline and service responsiveness remain. This study recommends reintroducing digital cashier systems and establishing written SOPs to improve operational effectiveness.

This study aims to describe the internal structure and syntactic functions of noun phrases in online news articles about demonstration actions published by Detik.com in August 2025. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with observation and note-taking. Data were obtained from five news articles discussing demonstrations, then analyzed to identify the core elements (head) and modifiers, and to determine the syntactic functions of the phrases within sentences. The analysis results show that the most frequently encountered noun phrase pattern is Noun + Noun (N + N), with modifiers on the right that provide explanations of identity, location, or ownership. The most common syntactic function found is as the subject, followed by the object and adverbial of place. These findings confirm that noun phrases play an important role in explaining information and sentence structure in online news texts. Additionally, the use of noun phrases also reflects the media's language strategy in constructing social and political realities through concise, efficient, and information rich language.

This study aims to describe the structure, syntactic function, and semantic role of the nominal clause in JawaPos.com news texts published in August 2025. By using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study applied syntactic analysis to explore how the nominal clause operates within the linguistic and contextual framework of media discourse. Data were collected from online news articles and analyzed using Indonesian syntactic and semantic theory. The results show that nominal clauses play a crucial role in constructing discourse structure and meaning through their syntactic functions as subjects, objects, complements, and adverbs. In semantics, nominal clauses perform various roles, including as agents, objects, recipients, and markers of condition or location. The pattern of nominal clause use reflects the concise, efficient, and communicative nature of journalistic language. The correlation between syntactic function and semantic role shows a cohesive relationship that enhances clarity and accuracy in conveying information. This study contributes to the development of syntactic and media linguistic research and serves as a valuable reference for journalists and language educators in promoting effective and ethical language use in journalism.

This article examines how meritocracy is institutionalized within the public administration systems of Indonesia and Singapore and how it affects public service quality. Using a descriptive–comparative library research design, the analysis focuses on four dimensions: bureaucratic structure, governing system and political influence, administrative reform and merit mechanisms, and implications for service delivery. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s bureaucracy remains highly hierarchical and decentralized, creating uneven institutional capacity and allowing electoral–political dynamics to influence appointments and rotations, which weakens consistent merit implementation. In contrast, Singapore operates a streamlined and centrally coordinated bureaucracy supported by high political stability, rigorous competency-based recruitment and promotion, transparent performance management, and competitive remuneration, enabling merit principles to be applied more consistently. These differences translate into more uniform and efficient public services in Singapore, while Indonesia continues to experience variability across regions and sectors. Strengthening merit enforcement, oversight, and professional culture is therefore crucial to improve the effectiveness and equity of public services in Indonesia.

State revenue holds a vital position in sustaining national development and the functioning of government, with taxation serving as the primary contributor to Indonesia’s State Budget (APBN). The substantial reliance on tax income obliges the government to manage the taxation system in an optimal, efficient, and sustainable manner. Nevertheless, the attainment of tax revenue targets in practice remains challenged by various issues, including structural, administrative, and strategic limitations. This study seeks to examine the role of strategic tax management in supporting the achievement of state revenue objectives. The research adopts a literature review approach by analyzing textbooks, national and international scholarly journals, official government publications, and relevant regulatory frameworks. The data are analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method through processes of classification, comparison, and synthesis of findings from previous studies. The findings reveal that strategic tax management has a crucial influence on enhancing state revenue performance through coherent policy formulation, flexible strategy execution, and ongoing performance assessment. The integration of information technology, the reinforcement of tax administration, and the improvement of taxpayer compliance emerge as key determinants in achieving revenue targets. Accordingly, strategic tax management constitutes a fundamental tool for ensuring fiscal resilience and promoting sustainable national development.

Breach of contract disputes with small claim values are often hindered by the lengthy and costly conventional litigation process. To address this issue, the Supreme Court issued PERMA No. 2 of 2015, which was later amended by PERMA No. 4 of 2019 concerning Small Claims Court. This study aims to examine the mechanism for resolving breach of contract disputes through small claims and its effectiveness in achieving the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost litigation. This research uses a normative legal method to analyze the relevant legal procedures and regulations. The findings show that small claims court is effective in streamlining the litigation process, with a resolution time limit of a maximum of 25 working days, much faster compared to regular litigation, which can take much longer. However, the implementation of this mechanism is limited by the requirement that evidence must be simple, which can be a challenge in some cases. Thus, small claims court can be an efficient and affordable solution for business disputes with low claim values.

Kemejing Village is geographically hilly with winding roads and minimal lighting, reducing visibility and potentially compromising the safety and security of road users, especially at night. This community service activity aims to improve visibility and safety for road users in Kemejing Village, Loano District, Purworejo Regency, by installing road reflectors and street lighting (PJU) using photocell sensors. The method used was community empowerment based on field actions, which included observation, planning, implementation, and evaluation, involving students, village officials, and the community. The results of this activity showed that the road reflectors and PJU using photocell sensors successfully improved visibility at night, provided automatic and energy-efficient lighting, and made road users feel safer and more comfortable. This activity provided positive benefits to the community and helped build village infrastructure that can continue to develop in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting Indonesia’s economic development, not only by contributing to economic growth but also by creating employment opportunities. Along with the rapid increase in the number of MSMEs, competition among business actors has become increasingly intense, including in the knitted industry, which requires consistent product quality and efficient production processes. In this context, this community service program is designed to strengthen the competitiveness of MSMEs by improving their understanding and implementation of machine maintenance. Proper and well-planned maintenance practices are expected to reduce the risk of machine failure and minimize product defects. The activities were carried out through a series of socialization sessions, training programs, and technical assistance focused on machine maintenance calculations. The expected output of this program is a community service report that will be further developed into a scientific article and published in the Indonesian Journal of Community Service.

Regional government financial performance is a strategic indicator for assessing the success of regional autonomy implementation, particularly in managing public finances in an effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable manner. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) during the 2018–2022 period using a regional financial ratio analysis approach. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method utilizing secondary data obtained from the Budget Realization Reports (LRA) and the Regional Government Financial Statements (LKPD) that have been audited by the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK). The analysis is conducted by calculating regional financial ratios, including the financial independence ratio, the effectiveness ratio of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), the efficiency ratio of regional finances, the activity ratio (expenditure harmony), and the revenue growth ratio. The results indicate that the financial performance of the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province has generally improved. The regional financial independence ratio falls within the participatory category with an average value of 57.81%, reflecting a gradual reduction in dependence on central government transfer revenues, particularly in 2022. The effectiveness ratio of PAD is categorized as moderately effective, with an average of 92.84%, although it fluctuates due to increases in revenue targets that were not fully matched by actual revenue realization. The regional financial efficiency ratio consistently remains in the efficient category, indicating the local government’s ability to control expenditures relative to revenues. Furthermore, the activity ratio analysis shows a shift in expenditure composition from operating expenditure toward capital expenditure, indicating an increased orientation toward development and long-term investment. The growth ratio reveals a significant increase in PAD in 2022, accompanied by a decline in transfer revenue growth.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the East Java Provincial Government based on the Budget Realization Report (LRA) for the 2022–2024 period. This study is important to assess the effectiveness of revenue achievement and the efficiency of regional expenditure management. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with secondary data in the form of Budget Realization Reports obtained through documentation techniques. Data analysis was performed using financial ratio analysis, namely effectiveness and efficiency ratios. The results show that the revenue performance of the East Java Provincial Government is in the highly effective category, as reflected in the realization of revenue that was able to reach and even exceed the budget target. However, regional expenditure performance is still considered inefficient because the realization of expenditure is close to the set budget. The conclusion of this study shows that even though revenue optimization has been achieved, the local government still needs to improve expenditure control so that regional financial management becomes more efficient in the future.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are required to establish well-organized bookkeeping and administrative systems to enhance competitiveness and readiness for international expansion. However, Iluh Craft MSME continues to face challenges related to unstructured financial record-keeping and traditional administrative practices, which hinder effective financial monitoring and the preparation of business documentation. This community service activity aims to implement an efficient bookkeeping and administrative system to improve recording accuracy, operational efficiency, and the readiness of Iluh Craft MSME to expand into international markets. The implementation employed a descriptive participatory approach involving interviews, observations, and documentation, followed by system design, phased implementation, mentoring, and joint evaluation with the partner. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the accuracy of financial records, a reduction in transaction recording errors to below 5%, administrative time efficiency gains of approximately 25–30%, and improved document organization with faster data retrieval. In addition, more than 90% of staff members were able to operate the system independently. Overall, the implementation of an efficient bookkeeping and administrative system proved effective in supporting more professional business management and enhancing the readiness of Iluh Craft MSME for international market expansion.

This study aims to provide learning for hair dressing beginners in performing smoothing treatments on sensitive hair. The technique of using Hair Mask plays an important role in creating the illusion of firm eye folds, thus giving the impression of larger and more expressive eyes. This study uses an experimental method with a quantitative approach involving 4 models with sensitive and damaged hair to be assessed by 16 AKS Ibu Kartini Makeup students. The results of the study showed that the use of Hair Masks on sensitive hair is very necessary to coat the hair pigment before being exposed to smoothing cosmetics. These results can be proven that the success of student practice using Hair Masks is worth (X2) 31% compared to before using Hair Masks (X1) with an average value of 55%. It turns out that this technique is more effective and efficient in increasing success in smoothing because it reduces the risk of hair breakage. (p-value = 0.014). From this study it can be concluded that the use of Hair Masks on smoothing sensitive/damaged hair. This lesson makes a fairly good contribution to AKS Ibu Kartini students to be able to improve skills in smoothing sensitive hair.

This study aims to identify and minimize waste in the process of procuring Food & Beverage raw materials at Hotel PXY Jasa Bali using the Lean Inventory Management approach. Observations over one month showed that the total procurement cost reached 47% of the total revenue, exceeding the ideal limit of 35%. One of the main causes is the inefficient and lack of synchronization between divisions in the Rhapsody platform, which causes waste in the form of defects, delays, over-processing, and transportation. This study uses the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) method to map actual conditions and Process Activity Mapping (PAM) to identify the type of activity based on the waste category. In addition, root cause analysis is carried out using the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) approach. The mapping results showed that out of the total lead time of 598.44 minutes, only 278.49 minutes or 46.54% were value-added activities. This finding indicates that the procurement process is not yet efficient and needs optimization. Several recommendations were given to minimize waste, such as clearer division of tasks, improved communication with vendors, and the procurement of supporting facilities to reduce physical movement between divisions. The implementation of this lean service is expected to be able to increase the efficiency of the logistics process and reduce the company's overall operational costs.

Internal governance and psychological safety are key factors influencing employee performance in private universities in Indonesia. Internal governance ensures efficient and transparent operations aligned with institutional goals, whereas psychological safety allows employees to express ideas and take risks without fear of negative consequences. Organizational communication mediates the relationship between these factors and employee performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of internal governance and psychological safety on employee performance in private universities in Banten, with organizational communication as an intervening variable. This study explores how these elements contribute to performance through effective communication. A quantitative approach was employed with a sample of 50 respondents from private universities in Banten. Data were collected via structured surveys, and SmartPLS 4.0 software was used to analyze the relationships between internal governance, psychological safety, organizational communication, and employee performance. This study found that internal governance positively influenced organizational communication, which significantly enhanced employee performance. Psychological safety also contributes to organizational communication but has a minimal direct impact on performance. Organizational communication plays a crucial mediating role in linking governance, safety, and performance. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening internal governance, fostering psychological safety, and improving organizational communication to optimize employee performance in private universities. By focusing on these factors, universities can create a more supportive environment that enhances employee engagement and effectiveness of the faculty.

MSMEs Traditional culinary MSMEs play a vital role in the Indonesian economy through job creation, income equality, and preservation of local culture. However, limited capital, raw materials, and labor, as well as unsystematic production planning, mean that MSME production decisions are still intuitive, leading to inefficiencies and suboptimal profits. A case study of MSME Sostang Tijang Bruno, a Sundanese cireng producer, shows that cireng production is still based on experience without clear calculations, resulting in a mismatch between production and demand and waste of raw materials. This study aims to optimize cireng production volume using the Graphical Linier Programming method to maximize profits by considering constraints on raw materials, working time, and market capacity. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The decision variables were the production volume of original chicken-filled cireng and spicy chicken-filled cireng. The analysis results showed an optimal production combination of 2.93 kg of original chicken-filled cireng and 0.53 kg of spicy chicken-filled cireng with a maximum profit of Rp499,000 per day. This method is expected to help MSMEs make more efficient and rational production decisions

Work motivation is one of the important factors influencing time management and nurses’ performance in providing nursing care. Good time management enables nurses to complete tasks in a timely, efficient, and effective manner. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between work motivation and time management among staff nurses at ML Hospital in 2025. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 40 staff nurses were selected using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires on work motivation and time management. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank statistical test with a significance level of < 0.05. The results showed that most respondents had good work motivation (62.5%), while the majority demonstrated a moderate level of time management (75%). The Spearman Rank test yielded a p-value of 0.005, indicating a significant relationship between work motivation and time management among staff nurses. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between nurses’ work motivation and time management, in which higher work motivation is associated with better time management. It is recommended that hospitals enhance nurses’ motivation through managerial support and a positive work environment.

The implementation of e-government in government administration can make services more efficient, transparent, and reliable, as well as provide faster service to the public. The Sidoarjo Regency Population and Civil Registration Office launched the PLAVON website as a digital service. This study aims to describe the strategy for improving digital service quality from a public value perspective, focusing on the PLAVON website of the Sidoarjo Regency Population and Civil Registration Office. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the quality of PLAVON’s digital services can be analyzed through three dimensions of public value: improved public service, improved administration, and improved social value. In the improved public service dimension, PLAVON enhances the ease and speed of population administration services; however, these improvements are still constrained by technical system disruptions and unstable website performance. In terms of improved administration, the implementation of digital services through PLAVON contributes to greater transparency and improved employee professionalism. Meanwhile, within the improved social value dimension, PLAVON plays a role in strengthening public trust in government institutions. This study emphasizes that the improvement of digital service quality is not solely dependent on technical factors but also on the government’s capacity to generate tangible and sustainable public value for the community.