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Fine motor skills are the abilities to control small muscles for successful skill performance.  Developing fine motor skills in children is crucial to prepare them for writing upon entering formal education (elementary school). This research aimed to analyze the influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 5-6-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach. The population consisted of 38 respondents, with all 38 included in the study using total sampling. The intervention was implemented over four sessions, three days apart, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II), observation sheets, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and beading modules as instruments. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the beading activity, almost half of the respondents (17 respondents, 44.7%) showed developing fine motor skills. After the beading activity, a significantly larger number of respondents (23 respondents, 60.5%) showed very good development. This indicates a significant influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 56-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman (p-value 0.001 < α = 0.05). Playing stringing games can develop fine motor skills and optimize children’s development. It looks enjoyable for the children, increases their knowledge, and also encourages them to communicate with one another.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) play a crucial role in creating consistency, efficiency, and accountability in governance. However, the process of developing SOPs within the bureaucracy often faces complex organizational communication challenges. This study aims to analyze the organizational communication process in developing SOPs at the Serang City Regional Inspectorate, focusing on the role of the Secretariat as the administrative coordination center. The method used was a qualitative case study approach, involving in-depth interviews with key informants, observation, and documentation analysis. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a crucial role in every stage of SOP development, from data collection and drafting, to cross-sector coordination, and document finalization. The Secretariat acts as a liaison between units, archives manager, and coordination meeting facilitator. However, obstacles identified include a top-down vertical communication pattern, differing perceptions between units, delays in information flow due to bureaucracy, and limited technology-based communication tools. Improvements were made through the establishment of cross-unit forums, communication training, and the use of online applications to strengthen two-way communication. The implications of this research indicate that increasing the effectiveness of organizational communication is a key factor in accelerating the process of preparing SOPs and supporting the creation of more responsive, efficient, and accountable governance.

The threat of terrorism involving the use of explosives poses a serious challenge to Indonesia’s national security, particularly in strategic regions such as North Sumatra. The suicide bombing incident at the Medan Police Headquarters in 2018 serves as a clear example of the urgency of preparedness and emergency response by the Bomb Disposal Unit (JIBOM) of the Brimob Unit at the North Sumatra Regional Police. Handling such situations requires not only high-level technical expertise but must also adhere to the principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) to ensure the protection of civilians. This study aims to examine the preparedness of the JIBOM Unit, assess emergency handling procedures for explosive threats based on national regulations, and analyze the conformity of these actions with the principles of humanitarian law. The research uses a normative and empirical juridical approach through literature review, field observation, and interviews with JIBOM personnel. The findings reveal that the JIBOM Unit has implemented an effective preparedness system through regular training, the use of modern technologies such as EOD robots and X-ray scanners, and the application of an integrated command system. Emergency handling procedures are carried out in accordance with police standard operating procedures (SOP) while prioritizing civilian safety. From a legal standpoint, JIBOM's actions align with key humanitarian principles such as distinction, proportionality, humanity, and military necessity, even though Indonesia is not in an armed conflict. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening regulations, enhancing inter-agency coordination, and improving public literacy to support the lawful and humane execution of bomb disposal operations.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented at UMKM Wedang Rempah 3 Putri Sukoharjo with the aim of enhancing competitiveness through the application of e-prospek, strengthening digital marketing, and product diversification into ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages. The program employed mentoring, training, and hands-on practice, engaging UMKM actors actively from the planning stage to implementation. The results show that the use of the e-prospek application successfully expanded market access, digital marketing improved promotional effectiveness, and RTD product diversification attracted modern consumers who value practicality and health benefits. Beyond the economic impact of increased sales, the program fostered digital awareness, local leadership, and community independence. Theoretically, these findings reinforce the literature on the significance of digital transformation and product innovation in community-based MSME empowerment. This program is recommended for sustainable development through enhanced digital literacy, stronger local branding, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to establish an adaptive, innovative, and competitive MSME empowerment model.

Workplace gossip is a behavior that is now a common thing for some people, but it can have a negative impact if there is no control over workplace gossip behavior, it can cause social conflicts between workers and business owners. Research Objectives: (1) To test how Negative Workplace Gossip affects Knowledge hiding in Food MSME Workers, (2) to test how Workplace Ostracism affects Knowledge hiding in Food MSME workers, (3) to test how Knowledge hiding affects Prosocial Behavior on Food MSME workers, (4) to test how Negative Workplace Gossip affects Prosocial Behavior in Food MSME workers, (5) to test how Workplace Ostracism affects Prosocial behavior, (6) to test how Negative Workplace Gossip affects Prosocial Behavior through Knowledge hiding, (7) to test how Workplace Ostracism affects Prosocial Behavior through Knowledge hiding in Food MSME workers. This type of research is quantitative using a causality approach, with a sample of 74 BBJ food MSME workers. From the research conducted, the results were obtained (1) There is an effect of Negative Workplace Gossip on Knowledge hiding in Food MSME Workers, (2) There is an effect of workplace ostracism on knowledge hiding in Food MSME workers, (3) There is an effect of knowledge hiding on prosocial behavior in Food MSME workers, (4) There is an influence Negative Workplace Gossip on prosocial behavior in Food MSME workers, (5) There is an effect of Workplace Ostracism on prosocial behavior, (6) There is an effect of Negative Workplace Gossip on Prosocial Behavior through Knowledge hiding, (7) There is an effect of Workplace Ostracism on Prosocial Behavior through Knowledge hiding on Food MSME workers.

This study aims to examine and analyze how the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) impacts employee performance improvement at Chatter Lounge Restaurant, Gumaya Tower Semarang. The background of this research stems from initial observations and interviews that revealed inconsistencies in SOP implementation, particularly in aspects of grooming and staff attitudes toward guests. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four key informants, direct observations of operational activities, and digital documentation related to SOP practices. The data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes three main stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that SOP implementation positively contributes to enhancing employee discipline, time efficiency, and accuracy in following service procedures, leading to a more standardized service quality. Nevertheless, the implementation is not yet fully optimal as several employees lack a comprehensive understanding of SOP content. Inhibiting factors include limited advanced training opportunities, one-way briefings that restrict interactive communication, and the absence of a performance-based reward system to motivate staff. The study highlights that while SOPs serve as a crucial guideline to improve consistency and professionalism, their effectiveness depends heavily on continuous reinforcement and employee engagement. Therefore, it is recommended that the restaurant management strengthen SOP implementation through ongoing training, more participatory internal communication, and the establishment of performance-based reward mechanisms to maximize employee motivation, ensure service excellence, and ultimately enhance guest satisfaction.

Housing, as a basic human necessity, demands not only physical comfort but also assurance of safety and legal protection for its residents. In recent years, the rise in security violations within residential areas has raised serious concerns, especially regarding the authority of housing management and the frequent neglect of residents’ rights. Various security policies such as 24-hour gate security, CCTV installation, and visitor access restrictions are often enforced without a clear legal basis and without the participation of residents, thereby creating the potential for legal violations, including those related to criminal law and human rights. This study aims to analyze the forms of criminal liability that may be imposed on housing management in cases of negligence or abuse of authority in the implementation of security policies. It also examines the forms of legal protection available to residents and identifies potential criminal law violations arising from such policies. The research adopts a normative and empirical juridical approach, with a case study conducted at DL Sitorus I Housing Complex in Simalungun Regency. The results of the study show that the security policies at DL Sitorus I lack a valid internal legal foundation, were not developed through participatory means, and are not supported by standardized operating procedures (SOPs). This situation creates room for overreach by security personnel, such as arbitrary detention of visitors and unauthorized interrogations, which may violate Article 333 of the Indonesian Penal Code. Management may be held indirectly criminally liable under the principles of culpa in vigilando (negligence in supervision) and culpa in eligendo (negligence in the selection of personnel). The study recommends the formulation of internal regulations based on resident participation and the provision of legal training for security officers to ensure a fair, transparent, and legally compliant residential security system that upholds the principles of criminal law and human rights protection.

This research is motivated by the importance of an effective logistics recording and reporting system in supporting operational performance and security within the Mobile Brigade (Brimob) Unit of the North Sumatra Regional Police. Logistics items such as firearms, ammunition, and other operational equipment are classified as State-Owned Goods (BMN), which must be managed orderly, transparently, and accountably in accordance with prevailing legal provisions, such as Law No. 1 of 2004, Government Regulation No. 27 of 2014, and Police Chief Regulation No. 10 of 2011. Problems arise when the logistics system faces technical constraints, lack of personnel training, and weak oversight, which in some cases have led to the loss of strategic items such as firearms.The aim of this study is to analyze the implementation of the logistics recording and reporting system in the Brimob Unit of the North Sumatra Regional Police in accordance with legal provisions, assess its effectiveness in supporting operational duties, and identify existing challenges and improvement efforts. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, through document studies and interviews with logistics and operational personnel.The research findings indicate that the recording and reporting system has been carried out in an orderly and accountable manner, utilizing both manual and digital systems in parallel. There is a strong commitment among personnel to comply with SOPs, use dual-recording as risk mitigation, and maintain regular reporting in accordance with standards. Nonetheless, challenges remain in the form of limited technological infrastructure, the need for continuous personnel training, and integration with national logistics systems. Strategic efforts have been made through capacity building, gradual digitalization, and strengthening of SOPs and internal audits. Overall, the system is considered effective in supporting the unit's tasks and reflects the principles of administrative law, namely legality, accountability, and orderly administration.

Background: There are still shortcomings in the implementation of a truly safe and optimal thoracic examination protocol for toddlers in certain hospital settings. Furthermore, data related to direct radiation dose measurements and evaluation of the effectiveness of thoracic examination techniques for toddlers specifically in the local context in Indonesia are very limited. Objective: To examine the thoracic examination procedure that can be performed with a high level of safety without compromising the quality of diagnostic results and to evaluate the radiation exposure dose and thoracic examination techniques in toddlers at Hospital. Methodology: This study used a mixed methods approach with a convergent parallel design. Quantitative data were obtained from radiation dose measurements and examination parameters, while qualitative data were collected through observation, interviews, and group discussions, then analyzed thematically to understand the factors that influence radiation dose in infant thoracic examinations. Results: Research on thoracic radiology examinations in toddlers at Heart and Vascular Hospital was conducted systematically and in accordance with established procedures. Some limitations emerged from limited radiation dose records and inconsistent use of protective shields. Efforts to reduce radiation exposure include optimizing examinations, proper collimation, selecting exposure parameters, and educating families and staff. Continuous training and strict implementation of standard operating procedures (SOP) are essential to raise awareness of the ALARA principle. Internal policies and routine oversight are also needed to improve radiation dose monitoring, with the hope of improving the quality of radiology services and optimizing protection for toddler patients.

Purchasing plays a role in ensuring the availability of food ingredients with good quality and efficient costs, managing risks, supporting product innovation, and increasing efficiency in the food procurement process, with such an important role the hotel industry continues to strive to improve purchasing capabilities and competencies in order to be better in the food procurement process. Purchasing together with its duties and sections must understand and know and organize food procurement activities with clearly coordinated concepts and planning patterns and satisfactory and responsive services in any situation faced by both fellow employees and hotel guests. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a Phenomenological approach. In this study, an interview method was used with 4 informants who were purchasing officers and receiving at Padma Resort Legian. This study aims to determine the role of purchasing in supporting the need for food procurement for kitchen operations at Padma Resort Legian. From the interview results, it can be concluded that the procurement of food ingredients for kitchen operations at Padma Resort Legian, which includes processing purchase requests, selecting suppliers, giving instructions to suppliers and receiving food ingredients, has been carried out correctly and in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at Padma Resort Legian. Supplier selection has also been carried out in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at Padma Resort Legian, but purchasing must be more careful in selecting and determining suppliers to avoid inconsistent delivery of food ingredients in terms of time, quantity, and quality of the food ingredients.

The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the influence of digital transaction methods on the control mechanisms of cash revenue at the Grand Hyatt Bali Hotel. The study applies a qualitative descriptive design, where information is gathered through interviews, field observations, and the review of supporting documents, including transcripts of discussions. The findings reveal that digital payments at the Grand Hyatt Bali provide convenience to guests in conducting transactions such as transaction speed, recording accuracy, and ease in the verification process. However, the use of digital payments also has a negative impact where digital cash receipts are recorded in the accounts receivable section requiring many supporting documents making it appear less optimal and less functional and highly dependent on the availability and stability of the internet network connection. From an internal control perspective, digital payments help improve transparency and accuracy in cash recording processes. The risk of miscalculations or data manipulation is reduced because transaction evidence is readily available digitally, in the form of sales slips, system notifications, and account statements. The mechanism of internal supervision regarding cash inflows at Grand Hyatt Bali Hotel based on COSO consists of several components, namely the organizational climate, monitoring practices, hazard analysis, exchange of insights and knowledge, and supervision. Overall, the implementation of internal controls has been carried out by all staff, however, the implementation is still not optimal related to the collection of documents that are still late, this is caused by staff knowledge about the documents required when digital payments are still not executed according to the procedures outlined in the SOP.

The purpose of this research is to use the six sigma approach to assess the quality of cracker manufacturing at UD. Palapa in Nganjuk Regency. This technology was chosen because it allows for quantitative measurement and analysis of product defect levels, as well as the identification of defect-causing variables. The study was carried out using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) steps and statistical methods such as Pareto diagrams, fishbone diagrams, and C-chart control charts. According to the research, the cracker manufacturing process at UD. Palapa has an average sigma value of 2.74, which is still below the six sigma (6σ) threshold.  This figure implies that the product fault rate remains fairly high.  The most common forms of faults are irregular shape and uneven thickness, which are mostly produced by machine, human, process, and raw material problems. C-chart analysis reveals that most processes are still under control, while there are a few spots beyond the control boundaries that indicate unique variances. Based on these data, it is possible to infer that UD. Palapa's quality control system is still reactive and has to be improved in order to be more proactive. Routine equipment maintenance, operator training, the introduction of standard operating procedures (SOP), and more stringent raw material selection are all possible efforts. Six Sigma deployment has been shown to provide a full view of production quality conditions, as well as a foundation for future continuous improvement programs.

Welding work on ships carries high risks of health disturbances due to exposure to heat, smoke, chemicals, and poor ergonomic work positions. This study aims to identify potential occupational health hazards among welders working on the MV KAREEM ship at PT. Samudra Marine Indonesia in 2025. The study uses a descriptive observational design with total sampling technique, involving 30 welders. Data were collected through direct observation using observation sheets and documentation in accordance with the welding SOP. The results of the study revealed five categories of health hazards. Physical hazards included excessive heat, noise, and poor lighting. Chemical hazards included welding fumes, metal dust, and toxic gases. Biological hazards arose from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment. Ergonomic hazards were related to awkward posture, prolonged static positions, and manual handling loads. Psychosocial hazards included long working hours, high workload, and conflicts among workers. The findings emphasize that welders are prone to health disturbances due to various risk factors. Preventive measures, including improving the work environment, implementing stricter safety standards, and providing occupational health education, are essential to reduce these risks.

Based on the researcher’s observations at The Westlake Resort Yogyakarta, particularly in the Food and Beverage Product Department within the Pastry Section, several issues and challenges were identified, namely the absence of a clearly established Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). It was therefore concluded that the SOP in the Pastry Section at The Westlake Resort Yogyakarta has not been properly designed or implemented. In order to determine in detail the design of the SOP to be applied in the Pastry Section, a study was conducted under the title “Designing Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Raw Materials and Product Quality: A Case Study of the Pastry Section at The Westlake Resort Yogyakarta.” The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling with a non-probability technique, while data collection techniques included observation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted through four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the data analysis indicated that the SOP in the Pastry Section at The Westlake Resort Yogyakarta had not yet been established, and the proposed SOP design had not been fully implemented, nor did it meet the job description indicators of the pastry section as outlined by Suhardjito (2006), particularly in terms of raw materials and product quality. The study concludes that although the staff in the Pastry Section at The Westlake Resort Yogyakarta have SOPs in place, they do not fully comply with the specified indicators. Certain aspects, such as product quality and workplace hygiene, have not been consistently applied, thereby necessitating an evaluation and the formal establishment of SOPs.

Public Company (Perum) BULOG is a business entity engaged in food logistics and has a strategic role in national food security. However, the company faces obstacles in the implementation of the Total Quality Management (TQM) system which is not fully in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), as well as low work motivation for some employees. This study aims to analyze the influence of TQM implementation and work motivation on employee performance at the Perum BULOG head office. The research method used was a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews and questionnaire distribution to 97 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research will be carried out in May 2025. The results of the analysis showed that partially, the implementation of TQM did not have a significant effect on employee performance (tcount = 1,533 < ttable = 1,985; sig. = 0.129 > 0.05). On the other hand, work motivation has a significant influence on employee performance (tcount = 5,411 > ttable = 1,985; sig. = 0.00 < 0.05). Simultaneously, TQM and work motivation had a significant effect on employee performance (Fcal = 16,602 > Ftable = 3,093; sig. = 0.00 < 0.05). These findings indicate that increasing work motivation is a key factor in encouraging employee performance, while the implementation of TQM needs to be adjusted to SOPs to be more effective in supporting organizational productivity.

This study examines the implementation of care governance in environmental public administration by highlighting the role of non-human actors. Based on Actor–Network Theory (ANT), exploratory qualitative research was conducted in the densely populated area of Tanjungpinang (April–June 2025). In environmental management, success is determined not only by technical skills, but also by the capacity of citizens to manage digital documents, spatial data, and technological infrastructure. Through interviews, observations, and document analysis. This approach was chosen because it allows for in-depth exploration of complex, contextual, and previously unstudied social phenomena, especially in the context of care governance to involve the relationship between humans and non-human objects in the local government ecosystem. Findings show that flood sensors, digital SOPs, inter-agency WhatsApp groups, and monitoring dashboards function as actors that trigger, direct, and accelerate coordination and decision-making. The integration of sensors and dashboards automates early warnings and the distribution of instructions, enabling rapid response. Implications: digital systems need to be designed as administrative actors with ethics, accountability, and capacity building. This study concludes that the implementation of care governance in environmental public administration at the local level cannot be separated from the active role of non-human actors such as flood sensors, digital documents, and online communication systems. Findings show that entities Findings show that these entities function not only as technical tools, but also as an integral part of a decision-making network capable of directing, accelerating, and streamlining administrative responses to environmental situations.

This qualitative study examines standard operating procedure (SOP) implementation for tugboat clearance operations at Jepara Port, analyzing service quality enhancement through comprehensive stakeholder engagement. Utilizing semi-structured interviews with 25 participants across five stakeholder categories, the research reveals significant operational improvements including a 35% reduction in clearance processing times and a 35.5% increase in stakeholder satisfaction scores. Findings demonstrate that standardized procedures enhance port operational efficiency while strengthening maritime vocational education integration. Beyond efficiency gains, the study highlights the role of SOPs in ensuring transparency, accountability, and consistency in port service delivery. Respondents emphasized that clear procedural guidelines reduce uncertainty, minimize conflicts between stakeholders, and establish a common framework for decision-making in dynamic operational contexts. Moreover, the integration of vocational education elements into procedural design strengthens workforce competencies, aligning training curricula with real-world port requirements and industry expectations. The study contributes both theoretically and practically by offering evidence-based frameworks that can be adopted by other Indonesian ports. It underscores the importance of combining procedural standardization with stakeholder collaboration to achieve sustainable improvements in maritime service quality. Overall, the findings establish replicable models for enhancing national port competitiveness and advancing maritime industry development through systematic procedural and operational innovation that ensures long-term sustainability and resilience.

This study aims to analyze the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee productivity at the Semarak Dana Mojokerto Savings and Loan Cooperative.  The problem of low discipline and performance of marketing staff is an important background, given the limited empirical studies on human resource factors in micro cooperatives in Indonesia.  This study uses a quantitative approach with a total sampling technique on 35 respondents.  The instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, consisted of 28 statement items measured on a 1–5 Likert scale, with validity and reliability tests showing good results (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.70). Multiple linear regression analysis was used with the help of SPSS 26. The results of the study show that job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on productivity (β = 0.723, p < 0.05), as does organizational commitment (β = 0.555, p < 0.05). Simultaneously, these two variables contribute to an increase in employee productivity with a coefficient of determination of 77.8%.  These findings support the theories of Locke (1976) and Meyer & Allen (1991) and are in line with previous studies, although the context of micro cooperatives provides unique characteristics. The practical implications of this study encourage cooperatives to strengthen their reward systems, provide training, and improve work SOPs, particularly in marketing services. The limitations of this study lie in the small sample size and cross-sectional design. Future research is recommended to use a larger sample, a longitudinal approach, and include moderator variables such as work motivation or organizational culture.

UMKM Tahu XYZ, a small-scale tofu producer, is currently facing significant challenges in maintaining consistent product quality, primarily due to a high defect rate. Common issues identified include crumbled tofu shapes, overly soft textures, and inconsistent taste, which negatively impact customer satisfaction and business sustainability. This study aims to investigate the root causes of these quality issues and propose practical solutions using the Lean Six Sigma methodology. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach through the DMAIC framework—Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control—to ensure systematic problem-solving. Data were collected over a six-month period through direct observation, structured interviews, and review of production records. The analysis identified four dominant types of waste within the production process: unnecessary transportation, product defects, excessive movement, and over-processing. The root causes of these inefficiencies are linked to poor handling of raw materials, variability in soybean quality, and an ineffective production layout that hampers workflow and consistency. To address these problems, the study proposes several targeted interventions, including the redesign of the production layout to optimize flow, the implementation of the 5S (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain) workplace organization method, the development of standardized operating procedures (SOPs), and the adoption of improved soybean boiling technology. The implementation of these improvements is projected to significantly reduce product defects, enhance process efficiency, and ultimately increase customer satisfaction. Furthermore, these actions are expected to improve the overall competitiveness of UMKM Tahu XYZ within the highly demanding food industry sector. This research provides actionable insights for other micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) seeking to apply structured quality control methods to strengthen operational performance and long-term business resilience.

Increasing business competition requires companies to consistently improve quality and operational efficiency. This study aims to identify and reduce non-value added activities in the procurement process at Distributor X, a company engaged in the distribution of instant cooking spices. Common issues include expired goods (49.05%), damaged packaging (18.78%), and product mismatches (32.17%). The Lean Six Sigma approach with the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) method is used to address these problems. Measurement results show an average DPMO value of 10,076.58 and a sigma level of 3.82, which are still far below the Six Sigma quality standard. Improvement proposals include the implementation of barcode/RFID systems, FIFO inventory management, higher-quality packaging materials, and the use of unique product codes. In the Control phase, monitoring is carried out through an ERP system and the establishment of structured SOPs to support distribution oversight. This approach demonstrates potential in reducing defect rates and improving the overall quality of the procurement process.