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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology that has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including science. Recent developments in AI have shifted the traditional boundaries of knowledge production and distribution, including in the religious realm. This research aims to fill the epistemological gap in contemporary Islamic legal thought by offering an integrative framework between traditional ijtihad and supervised digital ijtihad practices. This research uses a normative-qualitative (juridical-normative) approach. The researchers found that AI has the potential to be an effective tool for strengthening religious moderation, particularly through digital education, the dissemination of messages of tolerance, and the dissemination of counter-narratives against radicalism. For example, da'wah chatbots and digital interpretation applications can expand moderate religious literacy. However, the research also highlights various challenges, including epistemological issues stemming from AI's lack of a scientific chain of command, the risk of shifting authority from scholars to technology, and the lack of legal regulations governing responsibility for AI-generated religious content. Therefore, specific regulations and collaboration between scholars, the government, and technology developers are needed to ensure that AI continues to support the maqāṣid al-Shari'ah (the principles of Islamic law) and religious moderation.

The armed conflict between Israel and Palestine, particularly in the Gaza Strip, has caused severe humanitarian impacts and raised strong allegations of violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Israel’s military attacks on civilians, hospitals, and public infrastructure demonstrate breaches of the principles of distinction, proportionality, and humanity as stipulated in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocol I. This study aims to analyze the forms of violations committed by Israeli forces and examine their legal accountability under international law and the International Criminal Court (ICC). The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches, with primary legal materials from international treaties and secondary materials from academic journals and human rights reports. The findings indicate that Israel’s actions in Gaza constitute grave breaches and war crimes, as they deliberately target civilians and obstruct humanitarian assistance. This study emphasizes the urgency of enforcing international law and ensuring global accountability for perpetrators while encouraging member states of the Rome Statute to support ICC-led investigations into the ongoing violations

Losing citizenship has significant legal consequences, particularly concerning land ownership rights. According to the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960, land ownership is only permitted for Indonesian citizens. Therefore, individuals who lose their citizenship status automatically forfeit their right to own land. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of losing citizenship on land ownership rights and the resolution mechanisms outlined in the UUPA. The research employs a normative legal approach using secondary data sources such as laws and regulations, legal literature, and court decisions. The findings indicate that individuals who lose their citizenship are required to relinquish or transfer their land ownership within one year. If this is not done, the ownership rights will be nullified by law, and the land will revert to the state. This reflects the protection of the principles of nationality and national sovereignty in land control. Therefore, resolving land ownership issues for individuals who lose their citizenship is crucial to balancing individual rights and state interests.

This study analyzes the application of sentence enhancement to perpetrators of fraud in the recruitment of civil servants (ASN) and examines the consistency of judicial reasoning in Decision No. 1175/Pid.B/2024/PN Mks. The research focuses on two main issues: the fulfillment of the requirements for sentence enhancement under Articles 52 and 486–488 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and the alignment of the judge’s considerations with the principles of criminal sentencing. Using a normative juridical method and employing statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, this research finds that the application of Article 378 KUHP was appropriate, as the elements of deception were proven. However, sentence enhancement under Articles 52 and 486–488 KUHP was not applied due to the absence of a functional connection between the perpetrator’s status as an ASN and the offense, as well as the failure to meet the formal requirements of recidivism. Although the decision is legally defensible in a formal sense, it lacks substantive completeness in addressing moral and sociological considerations. The perpetrator’s ASN status and prior conviction should reasonably serve as aggravating factors. The study concludes that while the decision is normatively consistent, it falls short of achieving substantive justice, particularly regarding public protection and the integrity of the civil service.

The main objective of this study is to examine whether agreements reached in electronic transactions through online shopping platforms comply with the fundamental principles of contract law. The principles tested include the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of consensualism, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, and the principle of good faith. In addition, this study also aims to understand the legal protection framework for consumers in the context of digital transactions. The methodology applied in this study is normative law, using an approach that focuses on legislation and a conceptual approach. The legal material used consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collection of legal material was carried out through a literature study, which was then analyzed using deductive logic.Based on the results of the research and data analysis, it was concluded that agreements formed in electronic transactions through online shopping sites have fulfilled the principles of freedom of contract, consensualism, pacta sunt servanda, and good faith. Legal protection for consumers in e-commerce transactions has been adequately provided through the regulation of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.

The digital transformation of public administration in recent decades has reshaped government service delivery, particularly through the adoption of technology as a tool to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability. The implementation of the Online Single Submission–Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) represents Indonesia’s strategic effort to create an integrated licensing framework aligned with the principles of good governance. This study aims to analyze the forms of administrative responsibility in digital-based licensing services under OSS-RBA and examine the accountability mechanisms applicable when system failures affect legal certainty for business actors. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through the examination of regulations, doctrines, and administrative court decisions. The findings indicate that digitalization does not alter the core of governmental responsibility, as every decision generated by the system is legally attributed to the competent administrative authority. The implementation of OSS-RBA still faces obstacles such as system errors, data inconsistencies between institutions, and delays in technical verification, all of which directly affect legal certainty and the quality of public services. Furthermore, internal and external oversight mechanisms are not yet fully effective in preventing maladministration, including unreasonable delays and inaccuracies in automated decision-making. The study also shows that business actors require more responsive administrative remedies to prevent technological risks from shifting entirely onto them. Therefore, this research concludes that the effectiveness of OSS-RBA depends on strengthening institutional capacity, harmonizing regulations, and ensuring the consistent application of good governance principles throughout all stages of digital licensing administration.  

Consumer protection is an important pillar in ensuring fairness and balance in the relationship between business actors and consumers, including for foreign nationals who transact in Indonesia. Economic globalization and digital developments are expanding the range of cross-border economic activities that demand the presence of an inclusive legal protection system that is adaptive to modern trade dynamics. This research aims to analyze consumer protection for foreign nationals in Indonesia through juridical and sociological approaches to understand the implementation of legal norms, the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms, and the social realities faced by foreign consumers in practice. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a sociological approach through the analysis of the literature, regulations, and empirical findings from various studies related to cross-border consumer protection. The results of the study show that although normatively Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection guarantees equal rights for all consumers, in practice there are still administrative, cultural, linguistic, and information access obstacles experienced by foreign citizens. These findings affirm the importance of harmonizing consumer protection policies with the principles of global justice, accessibility, and non-discrimination.

Legal protection for consumers is a crucial element in the legal relationship between business actors and the public, particularly in high-risk service sectors such as gas stove repair services. In practice, many consumers still experience losses due to negligence by service providers, whether caused by inadequate technical handling or insufficient information regarding the condition of the stove after repairs. This study aims to identify and analyze the forms of legal protection available to consumers who suffer losses as a result of such negligence, as well as to determine the types of legal liability that may be imposed on gas stove repair service providers. Using a normative legal research method, this study applies both legislative and conceptual approaches. The legislative approach examines relevant laws and regulations concerning consumer protection, while the conceptual approach analyzes legal principles and expert doctrines related to liability. The findings indicate that consumer protection is provided in two forms: preventive protection, which ensures product and service safety in accordance with Indonesian National Standards (SNI), and repressive protection, which is implemented through enforcement mechanisms such as claims for compensation or dispute resolution through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) or the courts. Business actors who commit negligence in providing repair services can be held legally responsible based on the principles of negligence or strict liability. To strengthen consumer protection, the study recommends the establishment of derivative regulations concerning technician certification, standardized repair service procedures, and integrated supervision of safety compliance within the gas stove repair service industry.

This study aims to explore how religious Muslim students interpret halal labels on product packaging and how these interpretations influence their consumption behavior. In the context of increasing awareness of halal product importance, halal labeling is not just a symbol of religious law, but also a guarantee of quality, safety, and trust. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method phenomenological approach, involving students from UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto who were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, literature study, and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that highly religious students tend to be more selective, careful, and responsible in choosing products, prioritizing those with halal certification even when priced higher. The halal label provides psychological comfort and certainty that the product aligns with Islamic principles. Additionally, a strong understanding of halal labels increases consumer loyalty and supports the growth of the halal industry through rising demand for certified products. Thus, the halal label plays a significant role in shaping the consumption patterns of religious Muslim students and contributes to the broader development of the halal industry in Indonesia.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the public sector accounting cycle in the planning, implementation, administration, and evaluation of catfish cultivation programs run by BUMDes Ajoeng Jaya as part of the village food security program. The focus of the research departs from the need to ensure that each stage of the management of the BUMDes program runs according to the principles of public accountability, considering that BUMDes is a strategic entity in the management of village resources to improve the welfare of the community. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach through field observation, in-depth interviews with the management of BUMDes Ajoeng Jaya, and a review of documentation related to catfish farming program activities and financial records. This approach allows researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the accounting practices applied as well as the various obstacles that arise during the implementation of food security programs. The results of the study show that the catfish cultivation program has failed due to weak internal supervision, the absence of SOPs, lack of financial recording and reporting, and lack of technical competence of managers. The implementation of the public sector accounting cycle has not been running optimally so that it is not able to support effective control and evaluation of programs. In addition, crop failures are exacerbated by theft by internal parties and the absence of a structured monitoring system throughout the program, which indicates weak governance and internal control. This study has limitations in the form of a small number of informants and a lack of formal documents, so the analysis—especially the financial aspect—cannot be generalized widely. Nevertheless, this study contributes by integrating the evaluation of food security programs through the implementation of the public sector accounting cycle and offering recommendations to improve the accountability, transparency, and sustainability of BUMDes programs.

The phenomenon of cockfighting still persists in various communities in Indonesia as a cultural practice, entertainment, and symbol of certain social identities. However, this practice raises serious issues when analyzed from the perspectives of modern bioethics, animal welfare, public health, and normative religious values, particularly maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This study aims to examine the ethical conflicts that arise from cockfighting by analyzing the biological and physiological impacts on animals, violations of animal welfare principles, and tensions between local cultural legitimacy and universal ethical standards. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach based on a review of relevant scientific literature, including national and international publications in the fields of bioethics, animal welfare, animal health, and law. The results of the study show that cockfighting systematically causes severe physical injury, extreme biological stress, behavioral disorders, and an increased risk of zoonotic disease transmission, so it can be categorized as a form of organized animal cruelty. From a bioethical and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah perspective, this practice contradicts the principles of respect for life, non-maleficence, and protection of life and public welfare. The lack of legal protection focused on animal welfare reinforces the urgency of a transformative approach through regulatory reformulation, public education, and the development of non-violent cultural alternatives. This study is expected to serve as a scientific and ethical basis for policy formulation and contextual and sustainable animal protection efforts.  

The School-Based Curriculum (KSP) is an operational curriculum developed by educational units to align learning objectives with the characteristics of students, local potentials, and the evolving needs of society. KSP provides schools with autonomy to develop curricula that are relevant to their local context, allowing for variations in the approach to learning. This article aims to discuss the basic concept of KSP, the challenges in its implementation, and its evaluation in the context of Indonesian education. The research method used is a literature review, analyzing theories and regulations related to KSP. The results show that KSP plays a strategic role in providing schools with the flexibility to develop curricula that meet the needs of the region and students. However, the implementation of KSP still faces various challenges, such as limited teacher competencies, insufficient understanding of curriculum principles, and weak evaluation and supervision of curriculum implementation. To address these challenges, the evaluation of KSP implementation needs to be strengthened by improving teachers' competencies, developing relevant learning materials, and enhancing ongoing curriculum supervision. By doing so, KSP can be optimized to achieve better educational outcomes in Indonesia.  

This study formulates a design concept for the Beach Tourism Resort Area in Botubarani Village by applying tropical architecture that responds to coastal climatic conditions while enhancing the quality of visitor experiences. The research integrates principles of thermal comfort, environmental sustainability, and the ecological potential of coastal environments as the basis for creating climate-adaptive and environmentally responsive tourism areas. The methodology includes site analysis, field observation, climatological assessment, and a literature review related to tropical architecture and coastal tourism design. The collected data were used to determine building orientation, mass layout patterns, visitor capacity, materials, vegetation, and utility systems appropriate for humid tropical climates. The findings show that the site’s position between the sea and the mountains, combined with full-day sun exposure, requires design strategies that maximize cross-ventilation, utilize sloped roofs, provide natural shading, and apply local materials such as wood, bamboo, and red brick. The large spatial needs based on visitor capacity projections are accommodated through a flexible cluster layout that supports visual and functional connectivity between buildings while incorporating green open spaces to enhance microclimate comfort. The utility system is designed using sustainability principles through greywater–blackwater separation, infiltration wells, and recycling-based waste management. This study confirms that the application of tropical architecture in coastal tourism areas can improve thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. These findings guide developing tropical tourism area designs that are more adaptive to climate change and more responsive to visitor needs.

This study discusses the implementation of innovative software to improve the efficiency of information management systems at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). The backround of this research begin with growing need for effective and efficient information systems in the digital era, particularly in Islamic banking which requires compliance with sharia principles. The purpose of this study is to identify how software innovation can support better service, data security, and operational effectiveness at BSI. By employing a qualitative descriptive methodology along with a literature review, this research analyzes various technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications in Islamic banking systems. The findings show that the adoption of modern information technology significantly enhances operational efficiency, service quality, and competitiveness. The conclusion highlights that software innovation integrated with sharia principles strengthens the management information system and supports BSI’s vision to become a global center of Islamic finance. Future development of software should focus on improving data security and adapting to advanced technologies to further enhance customer service quality.

Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) are the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, playing a significant role in shaping the moral, spiritual, and intellectual character of society. Alongside the growing integration of formal education, pesantren are required to develop more modern and adaptive leadership models without abandoning their traditional values. This study aims to design a pesantren leadership structure that integrates transformational, distributive, and instructional leadership principles rooted in local culture. The analysis conducted at Pondok Pesantren Al-Mukhlisin in Deli Serdang Regency indicates that leadership patterns remain centered on the kiai figure, resulting in suboptimal coordination and delegation of authority. Transformational leadership is needed to foster inspiration and motivation; distributive leadership to strengthen collaboration and participation; and instructional leadership to ensure instructional quality and teachers’ professional development. The integration of these three leadership models is believed to create a pesantren leadership system that is visionary, participatory, and quality-oriented, while remaining aligned with local cultural values such as gotong royong, musyawarah, and familial solidarity. Thus, pesantren can evolve into innovative, adaptive, and sustainable Islamic educational institutions in the modern era.

This study aims to analyze the political motives of the NasDem Party in endorsing Romi Hariyanto and Sudirman in the 2024 Jambi Provincial Election form the perspective of political idealism. The research focuses on two main aspect of idealistic incentives: the party’s political vision and the candidates’track records. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation, and analysis of official party sources. The findings reveal that NasDem consistently implements its idealistic values through the vision “Movement for Change”, locally embodied as Restorasi Jambi. The Party’s decision to nominate Romi-Sudirman is based on the alignment between the party’s ideological principles and the candidates’ integrity and administrative experience. Romi Hariyanto demonstrates strong leadership as a two-term Regent of Tanjung Jabung Timur, while Sudirman possess notable social engagement and moral leadership. These findings suggest that NasDem integrates political idealism with electoral pragmatism as a strategy to reinforce its value-based political identity. The study concludes that idealism can function as a strategic asset in contemporary political practice.

The reform of criminal investigation procedures has become a crucial aspect of Indonesia’s criminal justice system renewal, particularly following the enactment of the new Criminal Code, which introduces significant shifts regarding the rights of suspects, investigative authority, and the implementation of due process of law. In an era of rapid digital development, investigative practices must also incorporate the principles of good governance and human rights protection to ensure that state authority is exercised proportionally. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the principles of good governance in modern investigative processes, assess the adequacy of due process guarantees under the current Code of Criminal Procedureand the new Criminal Code, and identify practical challenges in application. Using a normative legal research method through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds that criminal investigations in Indonesia continue to face issues such as normative inconsistency, regulatory disharmony, and weak accountability mechanisms. The integration of the principles of good governance has the potential to strengthen the quality and fairness of investigations, yet requires clearer normative foundations and consistent implementation. Moreover, the new Criminal Code does not fully resolve harmonization issues with Code of Criminal Procedure, making procedural reform an urgent necessity. The findings contribute to the enhancement of suspect protection, professionalism among investigators, and the overall improvement of Indonesia’s criminal justice system.

This study examines the convergence between classical Islamic philosophy and contemporary digital theory, emphasizing how foundational Islamic concepts can respond to social fragmentation in post-digital Muslim societies. As digital technologies increasingly mediate religious learning, identity formation, and communal interaction, Muslim communities face growing challenges, including the weakening of social bonds and the decentralization of religious authority. Online platforms encourage individualized interpretations of faith and pluralistic expressions of religiosity, which, while expanding participation, often contribute to fragmented identities and diminished communal cohesion.Drawing upon core classical concepts such as ummah (community), akhlaq (ethics), and asabiyya (social solidarity), this research argues that Islamic intellectual heritage offers a normative framework capable of addressing these disruptions. These concepts underscore collective responsibility, moral discipline, and the cultivation of shared values as the foundation of a stable and just society. Using a qualitative approach grounded in textual analysis of classical Islamic scholarship and contemporary digital sociology, the study recontextualizes these principles within present-day digital environments.The findings suggest that adapting traditional values to online engagement can strengthen ethical conduct, mutual accountability, and constructive dialogue in virtual spaces. The notion of a “cyber ummah” further illustrates how transnational digital networks may foster solidarity across geographic and ideological boundaries. Ultimately, this study affirms the continuing relevance of classical Islamic philosophy in guiding the development of an inclusive, morally grounded, and socially cohesive digital society.

This study explores the integration of Qur'anic ethical values in modern educational settings, focusing on how philosophical hermeneutics, combined with reflective pedagogy, can enhance students' ethical consciousness. The Qur'an, with its emphasis on key ethical principles such as justice (adl), compassion (rahmah), and responsibility (amanah), provides a foundational framework for cultivating moral behavior in students. The study highlights the potential of reflective pedagogy to contextualize these ethical teachings, ensuring they remain relevant to contemporary issues. The findings suggest that when Qur'anic values are approached through an interpretative and dialogical lens, they can be effectively internalized by students, promoting not only theoretical knowledge but also practical ethical behavior. This study also examines the challenges of integrating religiously oriented ethical frameworks in secular educational systems and the complexities of making Qur'anic teachings resonate with diverse student populations. The implications for educational practice are significant, suggesting that the incorporation of Qur'anic values can bridge the gap between religious teachings and moral actions, fostering a more ethically aware and responsible student body. The research concludes with recommendations for further exploration into the practical implementation of this approach in varied educational contexts, especially in multicultural and multi-faith settings, and highlights the need for long-term studies to assess the impact on students' ethical development.

This study explores how Islamic epistemology can address the fragmentation and ethical challenges in contemporary Muslim societies. By emphasizing the integration of divine revelation and human reason, Islamic epistemology offers a balanced framework for intellectual and spiritual development. The core principles of mīzān (balance), maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (higher objectives of Islamic law), and tawhid (divine unity) form the foundation of Islamic ethical thought, guiding individuals and communities toward social harmony and moral responsibility. The study highlights how these principles can be applied to modern issues such as social justice, environmental sustainability, and the erosion of communal values. Through a comparative analysis, the research contrasts Islamic epistemology with Western ethical frameworks that prioritize individual autonomy, showing how Islamic approaches promote communal accountability and social cohesion. Empirical research, including surveys and interviews, reveals that Muslim communities view Islamic epistemology as a valuable tool for addressing contemporary ethical dilemmas and fostering unity. By revisiting classical Islamic scholars like Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, the study provides a theoretical foundation for applying Islamic knowledge to modern day challenges. Additionally, the research examines how the principles of moral agency and personal responsibility in Islamic thought offer solutions to the weakening of ethical conduct in contemporary societies. The study concludes by recommending further research into the practical implementation of Islamic epistemological concepts in governance, education, and social structures to promote ethical and social reform. Integrating Islamic wisdom with modern ethical challenges can offer significant contributions to fostering a more harmonious, just, and ethically responsible global society.