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The use of Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) is a crucial factor in improving the efficiency and accuracy of retail sector operations. PT XYZ, a retail-level staple goods provider, has implemented IS/IT to support sales recording, inventory management, security, and operational reporting. This study aims to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, security, and compliance of the information system used. The audit was conducted through observation, interviews, document review, and system testing, referring to the COBIT framework and the ISO/IEC 27001 standard. The audit results indicated that the system supported core operational functions, but weaknesses remained, including insufficient system documentation, limited access controls, and suboptimal data security and backup mechanisms. Furthermore, reliance on manual procedures has the potential to lead to errors and slow down service delivery. Therefore, system improvements, strengthening security controls, developing standard operating procedures, and enhancing the competency of human resources and IT infrastructure are needed. This audit is expected to support improved service quality and secure, effective, and sustainable IT governance at PT XYZ.

This study investigates the role of Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) in driving innovation within organizations. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining survey-based structural analysis and in-depth organizational case studies to explore how different EIS capabilities influence organizational innovation. The study focuses on four key EIS capabilities: functional capabilities such as workforce management and customer value creation; technological capabilities including ERP systems and real-time analytics; dynamic capabilities, especially organizational learning; and collaborative innovation through external partnerships. The survey results reveal that EIS capabilities, particularly data analytics and integration, significantly enhance organizational agility, decision-making, and innovation outcomes. In-depth case studies provide detailed insights into how these capabilities are applied in real-world organizational settings, illustrating their impact on process and service innovation. The findings indicate that the effective integration of EIS across organizational functions, along with improved access to data, contributes to operational efficiency and innovation success. However, challenges such as integration issues, resistance to change, and lack of skilled personnel were also identified as barriers to successful EIS adoption. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive understanding of how EIS capabilities drive innovation and highlighting the importance of organizational culture and leadership in the adoption process. The research provides practical recommendations for organizations to leverage EIS for fostering innovation, such as focusing on EIS integration, overcoming organizational barriers, and ensuring leadership engagement. Finally, the study suggests future research directions, including the refinement of multi-method approaches and the need for longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term impact of EIS on innovation outcomes.

This study investigates the role of Information Technology (IT) governance in enhancing risk management performance and ensuring regulatory compliance within multinational digital enterprises. As digital transformation continues to reshape the global business landscape, organizations face increasing challenges in managing technological risks and complying with complex regulatory requirements across various jurisdictions. The study adopts a quantitative approach, using a survey methodology to collect data from senior IT and compliance managers in multinational digital enterprises. The survey focuses on how IT governance frameworks, such as COBIT 2019 and ISO 27000, are utilized to align IT strategies with business objectives, mitigate risks, and maintain regulatory compliance. The findings indicate that organizations with well-established IT governance structures are better positioned to proactively identify and mitigate risks, ensuring greater consistency in meeting regulatory requirements. These organizations demonstrate improved risk management effectiveness, especially concerning cybersecurity, data privacy, and compliance with global regulations like GDPR. In contrast, organizations with ad hoc or decentralized governance structures struggle with fragmented risk management and compliance efforts. The study further highlights the importance of integrating IT governance frameworks with internal audit functions, specifically the Chief Audit Executive (CAE), to enhance cybersecurity resilience and ensure compliance with global standards. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the integration of IT governance, risk management, and regulatory compliance in multinational enterprises. It also highlights the need for a structured and systematic approach to IT governance to improve organizational performance in managing risks and ensuring consistent regulatory adherence. The study offers practical insights for organizations looking to optimize their IT governance structures in the face of rapid digital transformation.

Postoperative pain is a common physiological response following surgical procedures, and its suboptimal management can have physiological and psychological effects, including sleep disturbances, decreased functional capacity, increased anxiety, and deterioration in quality of life. This scoping review aims to describe the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain in surgical patients. A systematic search was conducted through four major databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Neliti, and Google Scholar) using Boolean operators and keywords such as ‘postoperative pain,’ ‘music therapy,’ and ‘pain scale.’ Inclusion criteria included articles published in the last decade, in English or Indonesian, and available in full text format. In accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this review analysed 10 articles. The synthesis of results showed that music therapy consistently reduced pain intensity, anxiety, and analgesic requirements through mechanisms such as increased endorphin secretion, decreased stress hormone levels, and activation of the gate control theory. Typically administered for 15–30 minutes, music therapy is a safe, cost-effective, and patient-acceptable non-pharmacological modality. This intervention is recommended as an adjunct component in perioperative pain management in nursing practice, although further standardised research is needed to improve consistency.

The Special Dental and Oral Hospital of South Sumatra Province has an official WordPress-based website (https://rsgigimulut.co.id/) that functions as a medium for information dissemination, communication, and public services to the community. This website is expected to provide accurate, up-to-date, and easily accessible information for users. However, in practice, the website management staff still face challenges and limitations in independently managing and updating the content, resulting in the suboptimal utilization of the website’s potential. This community service activity aims to provide website management training for the staff by utilizing the WordPress Content Management Sistem (CMS) so that they are able to manage the website effectively and sustainably. The training was conducted on August 11, 2025, in the third-floor meeting room of the Special Dental and Oral Hospital of South Sumatra Province, involving two website management staff members. The implementation methods included lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice covering the introduction to the WordPress interface, page layout customization, the addition of new posts and pages, menu creation and management, as well as tips on content management and website maintenance. The results of the training indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in independently managing the website, which has a positive impact on enhancing the quality of public information presentation and strengthening the hospital’s digital services.

This study aims to develop a Student Progress Assessment Information System for PAUD Laskar Pelangi as a solution to various problems that arise in the academic data management process, which was previously carried out manually. The management of student grades, student data, class data, and subject data often encountered obstacles such as delays, recording errors, difficulty in searching for data, and inaccuracies in report preparation. To overcome these issues, a web-based information system was developed to manage all data in an integrated and more efficient manner. The system development method used the Website Development Life Cycle approach, and the application was implemented using the PHP programming language. The system is designed to enable the admin to manage student data, class data, subject data, grades, and automatically generate student grade reports. Database implementation was carried out to ensure that data is stored properly and can be accessed easily. Functional testing was conducted to ensure that all features operate according to user needs. The results of the study show that the developed information system is capable of improving administrative efficiency, accelerating the grade processing workflow, minimizing recording errors, and generating student grade reports quickly and accurately. Therefore, this system provides significant benefits for PAUD Laskar Pelangi in improving the effectiveness of academic administrative management and can be further developed according to the school's needs.

This research aims to develop an E-Catalog Information System for the Library of SMPK St. Yohanes Wewewa Barat as a digital platform that provides students and teachers with fast, accurate, and efficient access to book collection information. The system is designed to replace the previous manual book search process, which often caused delays and reduced the effectiveness of library services. The development of this system applies The Model-View-Controller (MVC) method structures the system by dividing it into three distinct parts: the model, the view, and the controller, each with its own specific function resulting in a structured architecture that is easier to manage, maintain, and improve. This method was chosen because it supports modular development and provides flexibility for future system enhancements. The results of this study show that the developed e-catalog system functions properly and performs well according to the intended design. All main features, including book searching, book detail display, and book data management, operate optimally without significant issues. Moreover, the system helps improve the efficiency of library services and enhances the user experience in accessing digital book information.

This study aims to analyze the role of public relations as a key pillar in building reputation and enhancing the credibility of nature-based tourism in Jombang. The research focuses on the communication strategies employed by public relations officers in delivering information, managing public interactions, and utilizing digital media as the primary tool for strengthening destination image. The research method used is a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six informants, including public relations staff, tourism managers, representatives from the tourism department, local community members, and visitors.The findings show that public relations plays a vital role in reputation building through four main dimensions: message consistency, communication transparency, collaboration with communities and stakeholders, and the optimization of digital media. Field findings reveal that consistent use of social media strengthens tourists’ trust, while local community involvement adds authenticity to the destination’s image. Moreover, public relations also functions as a crisis communication manager by providing fast and accurate information during operational disruptions. In conclusion, the reputation of nature tourism in Jombang is not solely determined by natural beauty but also by the quality of communication managed by public relations. The optimization of digital and collaborative communication has become a key strategy to maintain the credibility and attractiveness of the destination amid increasingly competitive tourism dynamics.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis, largely driven by dominant T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) immune responses. Psoriasis is associated with metabolic, psychological, cardiovascular, and arthritic comorbidities. Vitamin D plays an important role in the management of psoriasis. Calcitriol (1,25(OH)₂D₃), regulates keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Vitamin D supports the formation of the cornified envelope as well as epidermal lipid and ceramide production, also acts synergistically with the epidermal calcium gradient to maintain barrier function. In addition to its epidermal effects, vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory actions by enhancing regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)), while suppressing Th1/Th17 activity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)). These mechanisms highlight its potential role in psoriasis therapy. Topical vitamin D₃ analogues are effective for mild to moderate disease due to the high expression of vitamin D receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes. Oral supplementation has also been explored for its systemic immunomodulatory effects, although findings remain inconsistent.  

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability among the elderly population. This degenerative joint disease is characterized by progressive damage to the articular cartilage and structural alterations of the knee joint, resulting in pain, reduced mobility, and diminished quality of life. This Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to promote early detection of knee OA through simple radiological screening as a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disability. The activity was conducted at Asisi Church, South Jakarta, involving 87 participants aged 54–87 years (mean 70.77 ± 7.32 years). Radiological examination was performed using standard anteroposterior knee X-rays, and results were classified according to the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Findings revealed that 98.9% of participants exhibited radiological signs of OA, predominantly grade II (60.9%), followed by grade III (21.8%), grade I (11.5%), and grade IV (4.6%), while only 1.1% showed normal results. Female participants (74.7%) predominated across all OA grades, indicating hormonal and biomechanical influences on disease progression. The mean age increased with OA severity, supporting the degenerative theory that aging leads to decreased chondrocyte function and cartilage elasticity. In addition to screening, participants received education on weight management, muscle strengthening exercises, and injury prevention. The results demonstrate that simple radiological screening is an effective, practical, and cost-efficient community-based approach for early detection of knee OA. Integrating such preventive strategies within primary care systems could significantly reduce the burden of disability among the elderly population.

The city of Singkawang has experienced rapid population growth, leading to an increase in the number of students. On 17 September 2024, the Singkawang City Transportation Agency implemented a free revitalized Student Transport service to reduce the number of traffic accidents involving students. The aim of this study is to identify service and respondent characteristics, evaluate operational management, and assess performance and user satisfaction using the IPA and CSI methods, as well as Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC). The research employs a descriptive quantitative method by analyzing descriptive statistical data. Data were obtained from field observations, interviews, and surveys of 400 student respondents (146 users and 254 non-users). The results show that the student transport operates with two vehicles serving the North and East Singkawang routes. The load factor for outbound trips is 22%–32% and for return trips is 11%–12%, with travel times of 68–85 minutes, average operating speeds of 20–22 km/hour, and circulation times of 68–85 minutes. Based on the IPA analysis, the indicators in quadrant D require socialization regarding the functions and use of the interior of the student transport. The CSI result shows a score of 99.79% (very satisfied). The annual VOC amounts to IDR 292,905,814 (East Singkawang) and IDR 282,020,390 (North Singkawang). In conclusion, this service is satisfactory but still requires socialization to enhance its attractiveness and effectiveness.

This study aims to describe the application of management functions in pastoral care for PLHIV. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The study was conducted at the HKBP AIDS Ministry (HAM) Balige. Research Findings indicate that the implementation of pastoral care management functions such as planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring and evaluation has been carried out well. The planning stage generally concerns the foundation's readiness to provide assistance in the form of data collection on the identity of the assisted, infrastructure, and scheduling. The organizing stage includes the division of personnel tasks, the formation of peer groups as service partners. The implementation stage is the aspect of implementing pastoral care with the aim of realizing assistance for PLHIV through early detection facilities, providing medication to PLHIV, and educating the community in the form of socialization or seminars. The monitoring stage is carried out by monitoring the progress of the assisted through ARV compliance forms. Meanwhile, evaluation of pastoral care for PLHIV is carried out in weekly meetings to ensure all activities are carried out properly. The implications of these findings support the principle of the importance of managerial aspects in pastoral care so that the assistance is more effective, structured and sustainable so that efforts to improve the quality of life and the healing process of PLHIV can be enhanced.

Diabetes Mellitus often causes disorders in other organs, one of which is kidney disorders, commonly known as Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus, which is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease. Decreased hemoglobin (Hb) levels, or anemia, are very common clinical manifestations found in patients with this impaired kidney function. Pathophysiologically, the decrease in hemoglobin in DN patients is multifactorial, involving absolute or relative erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency due to damage to renal peritubular interstitial cells. As a result, there is a significant disruption of erythropoiesis, which can disrupt the process of red blood cell maturation in the hematopoiesis process. Monitoring hemoglobin levels is a crucial parameter because anemia in this DN population often appears earlier and is more severe than in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Therefore, early identification of fluctuations in hemoglobin levels is crucial in clinical management to prevent worsening of the systemic condition of patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. This study aims to review Hemoglobin levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Based on Diabetic Nephropathy Stage in Anemia Screening. The method in this study used Descriptive Analytical with a sample of 47 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The sampling and research location were conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Hemoglobin measurements were measured using Sysmex Series XN-1000 with the Flowcytometry tool method. The results of the study found normal Hb levels (not anemic) in 25 respondents (53.20%), Mild Anemia in 6 respondents (12.80%), Moderate Anemia in 13 respondents (27.60%) and Severe Anemia in 3 respondents (6.40%). From these data, it is known that not all Diabetic Nephropathy patients in this study experienced Anemia.

This study aims to analyze the compatibility between land use practices and watershed management regulations in Gorontalo Regency through ecological, normative, and axiological approaches. Rapid land cover changes from the upstream to downstream areas, particularly in the Biyonga, Alo-Pohu, and Limboto watersheds, have caused severe impacts such as increased erosion, sedimentation, and reduced hydrological function. The study employs a qualitative analysis using a literature-based method, reviewing key scientific articles from Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sustainability (MDPI), and Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, as well as regulatory documents such as Government Regulation No. 37 of 2012, Government Regulation No. 27 of 2023, Regional Regulation of Gorontalo Province No. 11 of 2014, and Governor Regulation No. 19 of 2019. The findings reveal that, ecologically, the conversion of agricultural lands into settlements has increased sediment yield and reduced soil infiltration capacity. Normatively, most land use activities remain inconsistent with soil and water conservation regulations. Axiologically, there is a gap between sustainability values embedded in policy and the community’s practical behavior in managing land resources. This study highlights the need for integrating scientific, legal, and ethical perspectives to strengthen sustainable watershed management in Gorontalo. Therefore, the findings are expected to serve as a policy recommendation framework for local governments in developing adaptive and ecologically grounded watershed management strategies.

This study aims to analyze the involvement of the Nusantara Nature Conservation Foundation (YKAN) in mangrove management in Berau Regency. This study explains how YKAN, as a broker organization in an advocacy network, encourages the local Forlika community to obtain resources from global partnerships. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The research data is sourced from primary data through interviews and uses primary data from relevant literature studies related to the research variables. The results of this study show that there is cooperation between each actor in international relations in managing mangrove areas in Berau Regency. YKAN's partnerships with global and local institutions give YKAN a strategic position in transnational advocacy networks. YKAN functions as a liaison that advocates for the needs of coastal communities at the international level, so that YKAN's role is to represent local communities in cross-actor cooperation in Berau Regency.

Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) are combustion residues from coal-fired power plants. Following the issuance of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, FABA is no longer classified as hazardous and toxic waste (B3). However, FABA must still be managed properly due to its potential to cause pollution through leachate generated if leaks occur in the FABA disposal area. This study evaluates the lining and drainage systems in the FABA disposal area at PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton to ensure that leachate does not contaminate surrounding groundwater. The research employs descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, collecting secondary data to assess the structure and pollution control systems in the FABA disposal area at PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton. The data includes the disposal area structure and water quality from monitoring wells. Analysis results indicate that the FABA disposal area lining system operates effectively and in compliance with regulations, successfully containing leachate movement and preventing seepage. This is supported by pH, Fe, Hg, and turbidity levels in groundwater from monitoring wells remaining within safe limits. Additionally, the presence of a runoff pond helps contain surface runoff during heavy rain, keeping overflow water under control. Overall, the disposal area structure and leachate management system at PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton function well, but routine monitoring must continue to ensure no seepage occurs, preventing leachate from contaminating the surrounding environment as an early preventive measure to maintain environmental quality and regulatory compliance.

This study analyzes and designs a dual-role web-based ordering information system to optimize order management at Sunrise Bakery. This SME currently faces inefficiencies due to manual recording. The system, developed using the SDLC Waterfall method with PHP and MySQL, serves two main actors: customers, who can order online, browse catalogs, track orders, and pay digitally; and administrators (admin, cashier, owner), who manage products, update stock, input in-store orders, generate daily/monthly sales reports, and manage user access. Black Box Testing confirms all core functions work correctly. The system successfully addresses manual process shortcomings by improving data accuracy and providing real-time monitoring for both customers and management. It offers a comprehensive digital solution to enhance operational efficiency and service quality. Limitations include the lack of integrated digital payment gateways and external messaging. Future development should incorporate payment gateways (e.g., OVO, GoPay), WhatsApp notifications, a mobile application, and predictive analytics for sales and stock forecasting.

This study aims to develop a web-based inventory information system to facilitate inventory data management and improve operational efficiency at Toko Anugerah Sticker. Currently, inventory management is still performed manually using paper, which complicates monitoring stock, recording incoming and outgoing items, and preparing reports accurately and promptly. To address these issues, the system was developed using the Waterfall method, consisting of five stages: requirement, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. PHP was employed as the programming language for system development, while MySQL served as the database for storing inventory data. The system was tested using Blackbox testing to unsure that each function worked as expected. The result show that the web-based inventory information system successfully replaced the manual process, making inventory management more effective and efficient. It also enables real-time stock monitoring and generates reports faster and more accurately. The implementation of this system is expected to improve the quality of inventory data management at Toko Anugerah Sticker in the future.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern that frequently remains undiagnosed until advanced stages. Early detection through simple laboratory screening is essential to prevent disease progression and associated cardiometabolic complications. This community service program aimed to assess kidney function using serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while increasing public awareness regarding CKD prevention. A total of 59 participants were included, with a mean age of 39.15 ± 15.39 years (range 16–75 years), predominantly female (74.58%). The mean serum creatinine level was 1.0 ± 0.19 mg/dL, and the mean eGFR was 91.08 ± 20.53 mL/min/1.73 m². Most participants demonstrated normal kidney function (28.8%) or mild decline (21.6%). A progressive reduction in eGFR with increasing age was observed, reflecting the physiological decline in nephron mass and renal perfusion. The program also provided education on kidney-protective practices, including optimal blood pressure control, diabetes management, adequate hydration, and avoidance of nephrotoxic agents. This intervention improved participants’ understanding of CKD risk factors and the importance of regular screening. In conclusion, serum creatinine and eGFR evaluation offer simple, accurate, and practical tools for early CKD detection, supporting promotive–preventive strategies to slow disease progression and enhance quality of life in at-risk populations.

The rapid rise of short-form social media platforms, particularly TikTok, among adolescents has raised concerns regarding excessive use and potential behavioral addiction that may negatively affect mental health and academic functioning. This community engagement program aimed to screen the risk of TikTok addiction among secondary school students in West Jakarta and provide education on healthy digital practices. The program was conducted at one private school in Jelambar, involving 306 students aged 11–18 years. Screening was performed using the TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS) followed by digital literacy education. A Plan–Do–Check–Action (PDCA) framework was applied to ensure systematic implementation. The mean TTAS score was 39.97 ± 14.24 (range 20–84), indicating diverse levels of TikTok engagement. Female students demonstrated higher scores and wider distribution, suggesting greater vulnerability to excessive social media use. Digital hygiene and screen-time management education enhanced students’ awareness regarding social media addiction risks and appropriate preventive strategies. This program demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of TTAS-based screening for early identification of TikTok addiction risk. It highlighted the importance of integrating digital health promotion into school-based mental health programs to support adolescent well-being.